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- Newsgroups: comp.compression.research
- Path: sparky!uunet!utcsri!skule.ecf!kumarad
- From: kumarad@ecf.toronto.edu (KUMARADAS JOSEPH CARL)
- Subject: Re: best way to describe jpeg
- Message-ID: <C1DFpG.2D8@ecf.toronto.edu>
- Organization: University of Toronto, Engineering Computing Facility
- References: <1993Jan15.2816.1029@dosgate> <1993Jan24.020112.9370@netcom.com>
- Distribution: comp
- Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1993 18:36:50 GMT
- Lines: 56
-
- In article <1993Jan24.020112.9370@netcom.com> pdh@netcom.com (Phil Howard ) writes:
- >"danny hawrysio" <danny.hawrysio@canrem.com> writes:
- >
- > A summary of JPEG
- > by
- > Philip D. Howard
- >
- >
- >JPEG works with 24-bit color images. It functions separately in each of the
- >3 primary colors, that is, do the reds, then do the greens, then do the blues.
- >The three colors are 8 bits each. It also works with gray scale 8-bit. The
- >theory could also be applied in other ways.
-
- For best results, JPEG work with the YUV colour model, where represents the
- intensity of a colour, and U and V together describe the chrominance of
- a colour. The reason this is done is that the Y component has mostly
- low spatial frequency (changes slowly) components and so can have its high
- frequency components quatized by a larger amount.
-
- >The image is chopped up into little squares of 8 pixels by 8 pixels in order
- >to reduce the computation scale. These image segments are then analyzed by
- >a method called the Digital Cosine Transform, which is similar in certain
- >ways to a Fourier Transform. The result of this transform is that the various
- >repetitious patterns are extracted with respect to their periodicy and their
- >amplitude (the degree to which they contribute).
-
- The transform used is called the Discrete Cosine Transform.
-
- >These quantized numbers are then formed into variable length integers that
- >occupy only a few bits. The zeroes are treated as a special case since it
- >is known that the quantizing results in a lot of them; they take the fewest
- >bits, typically 1 bit and maybe fewer (I have not looked at this area of
- >detail yet). The more loss there is, the more zeroes and the smaller the
- >data. The non-zero numbers will also have less range and can be squeezed
- >into few bits in many cases as well.
-
- The coefficients from the DCT process are seperated into to types, the DC
- (average colour of the 8x8 block) and AC (the remaining frequency components).
- The DC coefficients are differentailly coded by themselves. Coding them
- differentially (storing the difference between two consecutive DC's) is
- advantageous in that it produces many 0's since the average colour of
- adjacent 8x8 blocks is usually the same.
-
- As pointed out the AC coefficients have many zero's in them and are coded
- using run-lengths (store the number of consecutive 0's).
-
- >The best way to compress a JPEG image is to start from the original 24-bit
- >data. Images with less noise work better, of course, since noise can appear
- >to be high frequency spectral components. Noise typically appears in the
- >image as graininess.
-
- Actaully I expect JPEG to improve the quality of noisy images since it chops
- off high frequency components and noise is usually present in the high
- frequencies.
-
- Carl.
-