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- Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 13:59:13 -0500
- Sender: History <HISTORY@PSUVM.BITNET>
- From: "Philip J. Schwarz" <pschwarz@CABELL.VCU.EDU>
- Subject: Re: i'm curious...
- In-Reply-To: <01GTTI6AK6XQ8Y5IJY@Gems.VCU.EDU>; from "Ken Koester" at Jan 22,
- 93 12:13 pm
- Lines: 38
-
- >
- > On Mon, 18 Jan 1993 16:36:00 EST Tom Powers said:
- > >a free black who bought his wife and kept her legally his slave because
- > >she would be better protected that way than if he manumitted her from
- > >a black plantation owner.
- >
- > There have been several messages to this effect. Can we have a little more
- > context, please? It isn't obvious why a manumitted slave would be in more
- > danger than the free black who freed him/her, even considering any "grand-
- > fathering" inserted into laws of slave-holding states.
- >
- Limited "context"--i.e., the Virginia context. From 1806 to 1816,
- any emancipated person had 12 months to leave the state. Even after
- 1816, permission had to be sought from a court to remain. Under
- those circumstances the only secure way to keep a free
- African-American family together when at least one member was
- already free--perhaps from birth--and another was about to be freed
- was for the free person instead to purchase or accept ownership of
- the slave. Another factor: anyone who freed a slave had to accept
- financial responsibility for young or elderly freedpeople. This
- responsibility could be enforced by the courts. Free blacks were
- also subjected to special taxes and apprenticeship. Keeping a
- family member enslaved could provide protection from those taxes or
- penalties. There was no complete security for free black slave
- holders, though. Thus the only decision some would accept was to
- leave the state voluntarily. But another law governed that kind of
- departure: free blacks who left were not allowed to return. The
- penalty for returning was re-enslavement. It was possible to avoid
- detection during a short visit--see the article on the Dipper family
- in the most recent _Virginia Magazine of History and Biography_.
- But it was very risky.
-
- I'd like to hear about similar factors in other states.
-
- Philip J. Schwarz
- Dept. of History
- Virginia Commonwealth Univ.
- pschwarz@cabell.vcu.edu
-