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- From: aceska@CUE.BC.CA (Adolf Ceska)
- Newsgroups: bionet.plants
- Subject: BEN # 44
- Message-ID: <1394*aceska@cue.bc.ca>
- Date: 24 Jan 93 08:00:00 GMT
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- Lines: 138
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-
- BBBBB EEEEEE NN N ISSN 1188-603X
- BB B EE NNN N
- BBBBB EEEEE NN N N BOTANICAL
- BB B EE NN NN ELECTRONIC
- BBBBB EEEEEE NN N NEWS
-
- No. 44 October 5, 1992
-
- Address: aceska@cue.bc.ca Victoria, B.C.
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
- BIODIVERSITY IN THE MANAGED LANDSCAPE: THEORY AND PRACTICE
- CONFERENCE IN SACRAMENTO JULY 13-17, 1992 (PART 4 of 5)
- From: Evelyn Hamilton <ehamilton@galaxy.gov.bc.ca>
-
-
- V. COMMUNITY DIVERSITY
-
- Biological and ecological processes
- Mary Willson, USFS Juneau, AK
-
- Her main point was that units of conservation should be the
- interactions between organisms, rather than the specific or-
- ganisms. Our research has been limited in terms of time and
- space. Evolutionary processes have been ignored. Correlation has
- been the focus rather than causation.
-
- We need to understand and conserve interactions including:
-
- 1. plant and animal interactions, e.g.
- a) bears, salmon and berries,
- b) treefall gaps where vegetation structure influences pol-
- lination,
-
- 2. plant and fungi interactions,
-
- 3. fungi and tree interactions.
-
-
-
- Tropical forests
- Ariel Lugo, Univ. Puerto Rico Agr. Exp. Stn. Rio Piedras, PR
-
- Many of our problems are social and economic. We need to:
-
- 1. use natural resilience and manage sustainably,
-
- 2. manage the landscape, using natural succession to aid res-
- toration.
-
-
- Old-growth forests
- Tom Spies, USFS, Corvallis, OR
-
- Old growth is ecologically diverse. Disturbance is important at
- the patch, mosaic and landscape levels.
-
- Different types of old growth include:
-
- 1. Coarse grained type - where wind or fire is the agent of
- disturbance. Disturbances are large with patches > 0.1 ha in
- size -
- a) short lived trees < 250 years e.g. aspen, red alder
- b) intermediate lived trees > 250 years e.g. Douglas-fir
-
- 2. Fine grained type - more stable systems where the disturbance
- is more localized with patches < 0.1 ha. in size -
- a) short lived trees <250 years balsam fir, white spruce,
- black spruce,
- b) intermediate to long lived trees >250 years
-
-
- Aquatic systems - freshwater and marine
- Jack Williams, BLM, Washington, D.C.
-
- In Canada there were 22 threatened or endangered species of fish
- in 1989. All of the fish species in the Colorado River are endan-
- gered. Over 67% of the fish species in Illinois have declined
- significantly. On the west coast 214 salmon stocks are endan-
- gered. In the Columbia Basin 19% of the fish species are at high
- risk, > 1/3 have become extinct; < 1% of marine habitats are
- protected.
-
- Introduced species and habitat loss are critical factors con-
- tributing to this species declines. In the US less than 2% of the
- rivers are in a high quality state.
-
-
- VI. LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY
-
- Biological conservation at the landscape scale
- Reed Noss, Corvallis, OR
-
- Landscapes have pattern of repeated components. Pattern has
- effect on species composition. He discussed disturbance regime,
- fragmentation and reserve network design and the concepts of
- coarse and fine filter. Protection of representative communities
- (coarse filter) would protect 80% of the species.
-
- Species are distributed along environmental gradients. Since
- plant species migrated at different rates after the ice age,
- using communities defined by vegetation to capture all components
- of diversity may not be the best approach in times of rapid
- climate change.
-
- We need to consider whole landscape management. Core areas and
- linkages are likely important although these ideas have not been
- adequately tested. Some moderate level of disturbance will likely
- maximize diversity. We need to develop an optimal mix of seral
- stages. Reserves should be large enough to be in a steady state.
-
- We need to determine:
-
- 1. How big do reserves need to be?
-
- 2. How wide should corridors be?
-
- 3. What type of human use is acceptable?
-
- 4. What are the best habitat mosaics at regional scales?
-
-
- Scaling issues for biodiversity protection
- Scott Pearson, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN.
-
- His summary was:
-
- 1. Don't focus on a single concept like corridors or patches,
- view the landscape as a whole.
-
- 2. Don't destroy the natural heterogeneity of the landscape.
-
- 3. Don't destroy landscape connectivity.
-
- 4. Don't ignore the effects of critical thresholds.
-
-