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- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
- From: gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman)
- Subject: Re: Let's be more specific (was: Stupid Shut Cost arguements)
- Message-ID: <1993Jan11.154812.235@ke4zv.uucp>
- Reply-To: gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
- Organization: Destructive Testing Systems
- References: <ewright.726343877@convex.convex.com> <1993Jan7.034841.19216@ptdcs2.intel.com> <ewright.726515610@convex.convex.com> <1993Jan9.030346.9714@ptdcs2.intel.com> <ewright.726733131@convex.convex.com>
- Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 15:48:12 GMT
- Lines: 42
-
- In article <ewright.726733131@convex.convex.com> ewright@convex.com (Edward V. Wright) writes:
- >In <1993Jan9.030346.9714@ptdcs2.intel.com> greason@ptdcs2.intel.com (Jeff Greason ~) writes:
- >>1) A thermal protection system, capable of surviving multiple reentries
- >> (many) suitable for reuse. On previous vehicles, this is ablative and
- >> non reusable, or (on Shuttle), heavy and only marginally reusable.
- >
- >Nonsense. The first US ICBM warhead (Atlas) used a nonablative copper
- >heat shield. Copper's too heavy for SSTO, but there are many newer
- >refractory metals that would work just fine. The problem is not that
- >there's no TPS available, it' choosing from among several alternatives.
-
- A warhead re-entry vehicle is not a good model for a lander. A warhead
- doesn't attempt to do atmospheric braking. It's shaped like a long narrow
- cone, or hypersonic bullet. It tries to *penetrate* the atmosphere as rapidly
- as possible to avoid interception. It's dwell time is very short and it's
- protected mostly by the opaque plasma sheath that forms a boundary between it
- and the atmospheric friction. Copper is a very good conductor of heat,
- second only to silver, but the passage through the atmosphere is so brief
- for a warhead that the heat doesn't have time to migrate deeply into the
- vehicle and prematurely cook off the conventional explosive lenses.
-
- A lander presents a blunt surface to the atmosphere and tries to shed
- as much velocity as possible by atmospheric braking. The dwell time is very
- much longer, and the heat loading much higher. Shuttle designers originally
- considered a titanium skin for the Orbiter, but even a metal as refractory
- as titanium wasn't up to the job (besides driving up fabrication costs
- dramatically), so they chose to use refractory silicates in the form of
- tiles. These are very poor conductors of heat, you can place your bare
- hand against one side of the tile while playing an oxy-acetylene torch
- on the other and not notice a temperature rise. There has been much progress
- in artificial ceramic refractory materials since Shuttle was designed, and
- better choices are likely available now. Indeed, special refractory blankets
- have replaced tiles in certain non-critical areas on Shuttle. But copper, or
- any other metal won't do for a lander as opposed to a hypersonic plunger like
- a warhead.
-
- Gary
- --
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