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- From: higgins@fnalo.fnal.gov (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey)
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Re: RTG's on the Lunar Module
- Message-ID: <1993Jan7.102606.1@fnalo.fnal.gov>
- Date: 7 Jan 93 16:26:06 GMT
- References: <1993Jan7.144516.20330@cam-orl.co.uk>
- Organization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
- Lines: 53
- NNTP-Posting-Host: fnalo.fnal.gov
-
- In article <1993Jan7.144516.20330@cam-orl.co.uk>, dg@cam-orl.co.uk (Dave Garnett) writes:
- > Peering at a cut-away drawing of the Lunar Module the other day
- > I noticed what appears to be a Radioisotope Thermal Generator
- > mounted on the outside low down.
- >
- > Was this intended to power some experiment - I don't think
- > that they generate very much power (order 80 watts ?)
-
- Yup. They powered the Apollo Lunar Science Experiment Packages
- (ALSEP), various experiments left behind on the Moon, such as heat
- flow measurements and seismographs.
-
- > What are the radiation hazards (to the crew) associated
- > with such a thing, as I understand that they comprise an
- > unshielded lump of plutonium ?
-
- Fairly negligible. Escaping radiation is probably some gamma rays,
- but the bulk of the radiation is alpha particles which are stopped
- very quickly in the casing of the RTG. The RTGs were probably fairly
- far from the astronauts with considerable material intervening for
- shielding. With care, handling them to set up the experiments was
- probably not very dangerous. My guess is they are really plutonium
- dioxide, which is chemically quite inert (insoluble in water and very
- weakly soluble in acid, so pretty resistant to corrosion). Anybody
- got more facts?
-
- For lots more detail on plutonium see the references given in the
- sci.space FAQ. They deal mostly with the Galileo and Ulysses RTGs but
- there is a good general rundown on Pu toxicity: "Hazards from
- Plutonium Toxicity", by Bernard L. Cohen, *Health Physics*, Vol 32
- (may) 1977, page 359-379.
-
- A relevant quote from the FAQ:
-
- Two interesting data points are (1) The May 1968 loss of two SNAP
- 19B2 RTGs, which landed intact in the Pacific Ocean after a Nimbus
- B weather satellite failed to reach orbit. The fuel was recovered
- after 5 months with no release of plutonium. (2) In April 1970, the
- Apollo 13 lunar module reentered the atmosphere and its SNAP 27 RTG
- heat source, which was jettisoned, fell intact into the 20,000 feet
- deep Tonga Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The corrosion resistant
- materials of the RTG are expected to prevent release of the fuel
- for a period of time equal to 10 half-lives of the Pu-238 fuel or
- about 870 years.
-
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