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- Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!ames!pacbell.com!tandem!zorch!fusion
- From: DROEGE@fnald.fnal.gov
- Subject: Status #6 Cell 4A3
- Message-ID: <930102125450.20814d0d@FNALD.FNAL.GOV>
- Sender: scott@zorch.SF-Bay.ORG (Scott Hazen Mueller)
- Reply-To: DROEGE@fnald.fnal.gov
- Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway
- Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 17:44:03 GMT
- Lines: 71
-
- Status #6 Cell 4A3
-
- After about 250 hours of charging, we are up to an apparent 2.9 to 1 D/Pd.
-
- The gas charging is very curious and I do not have a good explanation.
-
- Remember, the cell is closed with a tube going off to a motor driven syringe.
- When I talk about 2.9 to 1 D/Pd, I mean that 183.8 cc of gas has accumulated
- in the syringe since the start of charging the 0.1 cc Palladium cathode. This
- is presumed to be Oxygen, which means that 376.7 cc of D2 has gone somewhere.
- There is no guarantee that any of this is correct, but many experiments have
- shown that early in charging when essentially all of the D2 is absorbed (by
- visual check) that the gas accumulation in the syringe matches the expected O2
- evolution as determined by the cell current. We also reduced the current from
- 1 amp to 0.1 amp for a brief time and observed about 30 cc of gas evolution
- which has taken several days to recover now that the cell is back at one
- ampere.
-
- The cell is presently running at one ampere. This should produce 209 cc of O2
- and 418 cc of D2 per hour. This is roughly 10 cc per minute, which is my data
- taking interval.
-
- As readers of this column will observe, we have been slowly accumulating gas
- in the syringe. This takes place in a curious fashion. There are occasional
- spikes in the evolved gas. The interval between spikes is 20 minutes to 2
- hours. The spike is typically a +5 cc change over the one minute sampling
- interval. Over the next 5 to 10 minutes this gas increase is mostly re-
- absorbed, with an accumulation at the end of a few tenths of a cc. Over time
- this results in an accumulation of gas. In most cases, the positive spike is
- accompanied by a cooling of the catalyst. During the subsequent re-absorption
- the catalyst regains its former temperature. We have not observed any spike
- where the gas accumulation exceeds the 10 cc per min of D2 + O2 evolved by the
- electrolysis. From time to time there is a very large spike, as much as 20 cc
- having been observed, but these take several minutes to accumulate so that a
- number of one minute measurements are obtained on the up tick. There is no
- consistent cell temperature change during these events.
-
- I remind you all that the catalyst tends to have hot spots. A hot spot
- converts more efficiently and thus becomes hotter.
-
- Explanation A - Trickle down conversion
-
- >From time to time a drop of condensate formed at a higher spot in the catalyst
- trickles down to an active piece of catalyst, wets it, and causes it to turn
- off. This causes a burst of gas until another spot takes over conversion.
- This does not explain the apparent net accumulation. To explain that we need
- the pressure surge to cause a permanent leak of a small amount of gas.
-
- Explanation B - New Crack Theory
-
- >From time to time a crack opens up in Palladium. This immediately releases
- some gas. But the new surface exposed eventually absorbs more gas so there is
- a net gas gain. But this should cause an increase followed by a return to
- normal in the catalyst temperature. We observe the opposite.
-
- Note that I am quite confident in the short term measurement ability of my
- kludge. Less so for the long term, but the new gas switch seems to be tight.
- It was tested for leaks for several weeks. I have ruled out things like
- ambient temperature changes (these can be seen and track the heating system
- changes to the expected value) and ambient pressure changes (careful
- observation can detect the pressure change caused by the furnace drawing in
- house air for combustion).
-
- There are lots of other measurements. I will be happy to make observations
- and report back to check a theory. Besides the cell voltage and current, we
- measure gas, cell temperature, catalyst temperature, several temperatures
- around the cell, ambient temperature, cooling water temperature, many power
- supply voltages, ADC reference calibration, and forty or so other things.
-
- Tom Droege
-
-