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- From: revu@ellis.uchicago.edu (Sendhil Revuluri)
- Subject: Physics News Update #109 (1/8)
- Message-ID: <1993Jan9.040042.18422@midway.uchicago.edu>
- Summary: Latest Physics News Update
- Keywords: physics news interesting banana
- Sender: news@uchinews.uchicago.edu (News System)
- Reply-To: revu@midway.uchicago.edu
- Organization: University of Chicago
- Date: Sat, 9 Jan 1993 04:00:42 GMT
- Lines: 79
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- This is a "Physics News Update" distributed by Phillip Schewe of AIP
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- Sendhil Revuluri (s-revuluri@uchicago.edu)
- University of Chicago
-
- **********************************************************************
-
- PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE
- A digest of physics news items prepared by Phillip F. Schewe, AIP
- Public Information
- Number 109 January 8, 1993
-
- THE TEMPERATURE OF THE UNIVERSE IS 2.726 K. New
- data from COBE's Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer
- (FIRAS) presented at this week's meeting of the American
- Astronomical Society (AAS) in Phoenix show that the energy
- spectrum of the cosmic microwave background is extremely close
- to that of a perfect black body at 2.726 K. The agreement
- between the theoretical and observed spectra (consisting of
- measurements at 34 different wavelengths from 0.5 to 5 mm) is 30
- times better than for the FIRAS data released 3 years ago.
- FIRAS leader John Mather of NASA/Goddard (301-286-8720)
- said the agreement is so good that constraints can be placed on
- the amount of radiant energy in the universe (no more than 0.03%
- of the total) that could have been emitted more than a year after
- the big bang. Some cosmologists have proposed that such energy
- might have been released by supermassive supernovas, by black
- holes, or by the decay of unstable particles.
-
- A DENSE CLUMP OF DARK MATTER apparently lurks within
- a small group of galaxies, the NGC 200 group (containing only 3
- galaxies), according to scientists using the German satellite Rosat.
- The mass of the dark matter was estimated to be 10 to 30 times
- that of the visible matter in the group, a ratio much higher than
- was expected for such a small group of galaxies. Dark matter
- cannot be observed directly of course; rather, Rosat measured x
- rays coming from a cloud of hot gas inside the group. The
- compact extent of the cloud (1.3 million light years across) and its
- high temperature (10 million K) cannot be accounted for by the
- constraining effects of the visible galaxies alone, but only by the
- additional shepherding presence of the dark matter. Richard
- Mushotzky of NASA/Goddard, one of the scientists to report on
- the Rosat results at the AAS meeting, suggested that if the density
- of dark matter inferred for NGC 200 were typical of other areas
- in the universe---and small galaxy groups are more common than
- rich clusters (containing hundreds or thousands of galaxies) which,
- ironically, seem to have a lower-than-expected amount of dark
- matter---then there might be enough matter (dark plus visible)
- present to brake and reverse the expansion of the universe.
-
- A SOURCE OF INFRARED RADIATION HAS BEEN
- DISCOVERED NEAR THE GALACTIC CENTER at the
- location of the object called Sgr A*. The new IR results reinforce
- the idea, established by previous measurements of Sgr A* at radio,
- x-ray, and gamma wavelengths, that a black hole resides at the
- core of the Milky Way. At the AAS meeting, Laird Close of the
- University of Arizona (602-621-6523) presented pictures of the
- galactic core at wavelengths of 1.6 and 2.2 microns made using the
- 2.3-m telescope at Kitt Peak. The observations, employing
- adaptive-optics techniques in the infrared for the first time, had
- sufficient resolution to show that the IR source was no larger than
- 0.006 light years across. Arizona astronomer Joseph Haller
- presented separate IR studies of the velocities of stars as a
- function of distance out from Sgr A* showing that the velocities
- increased from nearly zero at a distance of 1.4 light years from Sgr
- A* to a velocity of nearly 100 km/sec at a distance of 0.7 light
- years. This pattern, plus the determination that there must be at
- least 100 times more mass inside the 0.7-light-year distance than
- can be accounted for by the observable stars alone, suggests to
- Haller that there should be a 900,000-solar-mass black hole at Sgr
- A*.
-