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- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!sgiblab!adagio.panasonic.com!nntp-server.caltech.edu!allenk
- From: allenk@ugcs.caltech.edu (Allen Knutson)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: "SPIN," Micro- vs. Macroscopic . . . .
- Date: 7 Jan 1993 22:08:27 GMT
- Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
- Lines: 40
- Message-ID: <1ii9krINNivt@gap.caltech.edu>
- References: <93007.141458CCB104@psuvm.psu.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: torment.ugcs.caltech.edu
-
- <CCB104@psuvm.psu.edu> inquires:
-
- >What's the difference between the spin of a globe or
- >disk (e.g. beachball or frisbee), say, and the spin of an
- >electron, photon, phonon, Bloch spin wave, proton, etc.?
-
- One's quantized and the other isn't (in an infinite universe).
- Luckily, I can give (part of) a more useful answer.
-
- When you try and figure out what a "free particle" should mean in quantum
- mechanics, part of the input to be given is an irreducible projective
- representation of the group of rotations of 3-space. (You can ignore all
- that except which group is involved.) It turns out there's one for each
- dimension N. Let j=(N-1)/2.
-
- The irreducibility means that the space is all mixed up by the rotations:
- if we restrict to only allowing rotations about a particular axis, this
- is no longer true (we can't mix as much). The space breaks up into N=2j+1
- pieces, now each a representation of the group of rotations about one
- axis. The representations one gets are naturally labeled by the numbers
- -j, -j+1, -j+2, ..., j-1, j. (These may be half-integers, in which case
- one is dealing with a fermion. The fact that they can't be any more
- non-integral than half-integral is a fundamental property of the group
- of rotations of 3-space that I won't explain here.)
-
- If you then ask "What's the angular momentum observable for this particle?"
- (this really being your original question), you find that it's the
- sum of two terms. The first is the one you're used to from classical
- mechanics. The second one has to do with which of the subreps (that
- list -j, -j+1, ...,j) the particle is in.
-
- But they really are both angular momentum, although they arise very
- differently. For instance, if you shine a beam of right-handed electrons
- into a block of wood, it will begin to spin in a right-handed sense
- (total angular momentum being conserved).
-
- I've probably gotten some of this wrong, in which case the pleasant article
- to read is by George Mackey, in "Group theory in Physics and Mathematical
- Physics", edited by Moshe Flato and Gregg Zuckerman. Allen K.
-
-