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- Path: sparky!uunet!mtnmath!paul
- From: paul@mtnmath.UUCP (Paul Budnik)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Budnik's proposed experiment (was Re: temporally undecided states)
- Message-ID: <467@mtnmath.UUCP>
- Date: 4 Jan 93 17:24:35 GMT
- References: <31DEC199211004292@author.gsfc.nasa.gov> <1993Jan4.000908.2023@cs.wayne.edu>
- Organization: Mountain Math Software, P. O. Box 2124, Saratoga. CA 95070
- Lines: 112
-
- In article <1993Jan4.000908.2023@cs.wayne.edu>, atems@igor.physics.wayne.edu (Dale Atems) writes:
- > [...]
- > Okay, the unfamiliar element to me here is the changing of the
- > polarizer angles while the wave function is passing through, thereby
- > changing the quantum state after the photons have been emitted. As I
- > said, I've lost touch with this field. Any references you can give to
- > help me out?
-
- Aspect's experiment changed the polarizer angles while the photons were in
- flight. The problem with that experiment was that Aspect did not directly
- measure the delays, but estimated them based on the distances and presumed
- flight times of the particles. These classical assumptions are not in
- general valid in QM. References:
- Aspect, J. Dalibard and G. Roger, Physical Review Letters Vol 49,
- pg. 1804 (1982)
- J. D. Franson, Physical Review D, pgs. 2529-2532, Vol. 31, No. 10, May 1985
-
- > >Well QM does not predict these delays it puts constraints on them.
- > >Thus it still predicts that locality is violated. If these delays turn
- > >out to be consistent with locality, as I expect they will be, then QM is
- > >not just incomplete, it is false.
- >
- > To comment intelligently on this I would have to know exactly how you
- > are defining locality operationally -- this seems to be hidden inside
- > the details of the statistical analysis you are performing to estimate
- > the time at which the probability of joint detections changes.
-
- Its not my definition and its not original. The simplest notion of locality
- involves a single cause and effect. Tests of Bell's inequality are
- complicated because there are two `causes' and two `effects'.
-
-
- |---------\---------------[ ]--------------------/--------|
- Detector Polarizer Photon source Polarizer Detector
- D1 P1 P2 D2
- Site 1 Site 2
-
- The experiment is done in an inertial frame of reference. We simultaneously
- change the two polarizer angles and ask how long it takes for this to
- affect the probability of joint detections. This time must be short enough
- so that light could not travel from either P1 to D2 or P2 to D1 in this
- time if we are to show locality is violated.
-
- If you want an analysis of how one proves locality is violated
- in such an experiment see: "Bell's Theorem and the Different Concepts of
- Locality", P. H. Eberhard, Il Nuovo Cimento 46 B, p 392, (1978).
-
- There is noting special about the statistical analysis I am describing.
- Quantum mechanics only predicts the probability of joint detections so
- we need a statistical analysis to estimate when the probability changed.
- We need many trials to get an accurate estimate. In addition we have
- no control over when photons are emitted. Thus there will be some
- element of the delay the comes from lack of synchronization between
- when the photons traverse the polarizers and when the polarizers change
- angles. We need to minimize this affect by emitting photons at a high
- rate and minimize the residual effect by statistical analysis.
-
- > Still if QM does set the constraints you say, then the experiment is
- > worth doing. My question would be: why do you expect that locality, as
- > you define it, will be upheld?
-
- I think it is the opposite question that should be asked. Consider
- a singlet state photon pair that was emitted from a distant galaxy.
- The photon paired with this has been traveling in the opposite
- direction for billions of years. QM predicts that these two are
- still connected. If you detect one photon in this pair by looking at
- the night sky with polarizing sun glasses you will instantly impose
- a constraint on the polarization of the other photon billions of light
- years away according to existing theory. To me such a prediction
- requires extraordinary justification.
-
- Such extraordinary justification does not exist. There is
- *no justification at all* for this preposterous prediction. There is
- not a shred of evidence that there are macroscopic violations of locality
- in nature. The only part of QM that predicts this is the assumption that
- the wave function changes instantaneously when an observation is made.
- This in turn is a completely arbitrary assumption without a shred of
- experimental evidence to support it. We say in computer science
- `garbage in, garbage out'. In physics we start with an arbitrary
- unjustified nonlocal assumption and we get a nonlocal theory.
- Surprise, surprise! Why should anyone believe such a theory is correct?
-
- > >However, it is only one aspect of QM
- > >that is tested by measuring these delays: the assumption that the wave
- > >function changes instantaneously when a measurement is made.
- >
- > What do "quantum eraser" experiments tell us about this assumption? I
- > was under the impression from someone's recent post that some
- > experimental work on this had already been done.
-
- There is a fair amount of experimental work in this area. To my knowledge
- none of it has addressed the issue of directly measuring the delays needed
- to prove locality is violated. There are nonintuitive and interresting
- effects in this area. There is no evidence yet that any of these effects
- violate locality.
- >
- >[...]
- > >On the other hand, if these delays are consistent with
- > >locality these experiments will open a window on an entirely new class
- > >of physical phenomena. If the wave function does not change instantaneously
- > >then it undergoes some nonlinear structural change that is completely
- > >outside of any existing theory. Understanding the structure of these
- > >changes could be as important as QM itself. Bell's inequality may open
- > >an experimental window on a new class of physical phenomena.
- >
- > At the moment, of course, this is pure speculation.
-
- I think it is a lot less speculative then the prediction that looking at
- the night sky with polarizing sunglasses affects instantaneously what
- happens billions of light years away.
-
- Paul Budnik
-