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- Newsgroups: sci.logic
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU!Sunburn.Stanford.EDU!pratt
- From: pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt)
- Subject: Re: Multiple Truth Values
- Message-ID: <1993Jan12.201545.27599@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
- References: <1993Jan11.194737.11729@dcs.qmw.ac.uk> <1993Jan12.083955.19685@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> <TORKEL.93Jan12110752@lludd.sics.se>
- Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 20:15:45 GMT
- Lines: 69
-
- In article <TORKEL.93Jan12110752@lludd.sics.se> torkel@sics.se (Torkel Franzen) writes:
- >In article <1993Jan12.083955.19685@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> pratt@Sunburn.
- >Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt) writes:
- >
- > >So if you
- > >truthfully 'fess right up with "I broke the vase" then it cannot be
- > >that you did not break the vase. But if you say "I didn't not break
- > >the vase" then while this tips us off to some degree of culpability on
- > >your part it does not permit us to infer intuitionistically that you
- > >actually broke the vase.
- >
- > In your terminology then, a confession on your part in the form
- >"surely I broke the vase" must not be taken to mean that you did break
- >the vase, although an indignant denial in the form "surely I did not
- >break the vase" or "I did not surely break the vase" implies that you
- >did not break the vase.
-
- That intuitionistic logic is in agreement with Boolean logic as to the
- interpretation of triple negation as negation is an excellent point.
- However one can hardly infer a preference for Boolean logic over
- intuitionistic on the basis of their similarities. Rather, if there
- are any serious problems with the identification ~~~x = ~x then both
- Boolean and intuitionistic logic are in trouble. If I were working at
- the boundary of linguistics and philosophical logic I'd be strongly
- tempted to pursue this question further by looking for naturally
- occurring counterexamples to ~~~x = ~x.
-
- >If you say "surely, if I broke the vase I must
- >have smashed the window" and later admit that you broke the vase, we
- >must be careful not to claim that you stand convicted on your own
- >evidence of having smashed the window, but only of having surely
- >smashed the window. I think this whole thing is a very shrewd move on
- >your part in that it practically guarantees that whatever misdemeanors
- >you may commit in the future, you will be able to confuse your
- >interrogators to the point where they prefer to drop all charges.
- >Presuming, of course, that your lawyer can convince the court that
- >this person, being an Intuitionist, must be interrogated in his own
- >language.
-
- Australian and American courts interrogate witnesses in a language that
- presumes intuitionistic logic, in that they draw a distinction between
- straight answers and hedged and insist on the former. (There is
- nothing special about "surely", you can substitute "perhaps" or
- "possibly" or "conceivably" if you feel "surely" doesn't adequately
- support my basic point that the modality weakens the logical strength
- by *some* unquantified amount.)
-
- Do Swedish courts assume that natural language is based on Boolean or
- intuitionistic logic? If the former, all answers to A-or-B questions
- would mean either A or B, and "Conceivably" as a response to "Did you
- break the vase?" would be treated as "yes."
-
- The assumption of Boolean logic does seem to have the advantage of
- efficiency, and its adoption in the courtroom might be a step towards
- reducing the backlog of cases. There remains only the problem of
- educating each newcomer to court to use it in place of the
- intuitionistic logic the rest of us use every day outside the
- courtroom. Someone accustomed to prefacing every negative answer with
- "Maybe", on the reasonable expectation of being pressed for a definite
- yes or no, would be taken aback at first to have his every "maybe" read
- as "yes" in the courtroom. Eventually he would learn, just as circuit
- designers know to expect that "maybe" as input to a TTL gate is likely
- to be read as either "yes" or "no."
-
- The sign of the influence of the double negation rule on language is a
- delicate point, and it is understandable that as competent a
- mathematician as Roger Penrose would get it backwards.
- --
- Vaughan Pratt There's safety in large condition numbers.
-