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- From: oneil@husc10.harvard.edu (John O'Neil)
- Newsgroups: sci.lang
- Subject: Re: Definitions of terms that have bothered Mark Hubey
- Message-ID: <ONEIL.93Jan7213354@husc10.harvard.edu>
- Date: 8 Jan 93 05:33:54 GMT
- Article-I.D.: husc10.ONEIL.93Jan7213354
- References: <1993Jan8.002157.20841@leland.Stanford.EDU>
- Organization: Harvard Arts and Sciences Computer Services, Cambridge, MA
- Lines: 52
- Nntp-Posting-Host: husc10.harvard.edu
- In-reply-to: alderson@cisco.com's message of Fri, 8 Jan 93 00:21:57 GMT
-
- In article <1993Jan8.002157.20841@leland.Stanford.EDU> alderson@cisco.com (Rich Alderson) writes:
-
- [omitting several sage definitions (not to disparage this one)]
-
- There are a number of ways to divvy up the field of linguistics. One
- major division is that between synchronic and diachronic studies
- (Saussure 1916). This is a distinction between the study of speech in
- a single time-frame versus the study of speech across time-frames.
-
- That's one dimension.
-
- Across this dichotomy is a breakdown by special area of interest:
-
- Phonetics to pragmatics -- that's the second dimension.
-
- The synchronic side is generally referred to as "theoretical" linguis-
- tics, although there are theories on the diachronic side as well. This
- group of studies is susceptible of investigation by experimentation,
- either instrumented (as, for example, acoustic phonetics) or introspec-
- tive (as, for example, acceptability judgments in syntax).
-
- The diachronic side--the study of languages in a temporal dimension--
- uses the results garnered by "theoretical" linguistics, but in addition
- uses methodologies similar to those of other *historical* studies,
- methodologies which simply do not admit of mathematical manipulation.
-
- You may want to consider a third dimension of labelling, instead of
- just using the "theoretical" label. That is, the dimension of 'pure'
- linguistics versus psycho-, socio-, neuro-, mathematical, and
- computational linguistics (along with other hyphenated variations
- which I have neglected.) Thus, we are able to give a label to such
- sub-fields as diachronic socio-phonology, for example.
-
- Along this dimension we might want to include 'theoretical'
- linguistics, although the term 'theoretical' is used in a somewhat
- unexpected way in linguistics, in comparaison to other sciences. In
- physics, say, a theoretical physicists is usually occupied with
- comparing different theories and their structures -- as if one were
- comparing GB to LFG, for instance, or discussing the abstract
- properties of some formalism. However, this activity is usually
- considered mathematical linguistics or formal language theory by
- linguists, who reserve the term theoretical linguistics for activities
- which are really more concerned with accounting for experimental or
- observational data within a formalism. I don't want to imply that
- that's a bad thing, or that we linguists should change our usages to
- conform with other fields, but I just wanted to bring it up.
-
- --
- John O'Neil
- "Occasionally I believed I had thoughts of my own -- who does not now
- and then become the victim of such delusions?"
- -- Paul Feyerabend
-