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- Path: sparky!uunet!pipex!ibmpcug!mantis!news
- From: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.misc
- Subject: Re: Difference between 2400, 2400 v.42, and 9600 baud?
- Message-ID: <930111.163837.8J2.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk>
- Date: Mon, 11 Jan 93 16:38:37 GMT
- References: <1993Jan10.125621.12147@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>
- Organization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.
- X-Newsreader: rusnews v0.98
- Lines: 164
-
- jelmore@nyx.cs.du.edu (John Elmore) writes:
- > Okay, I'll admit it. I'm still using a 1200 baud modem. But I'm looking to
- > buy a new modem. However, I'm puzzled about the difference between a 2400
- > baud modem, a 2400 baud modem with v.32 or v.42 compression, and a 9600
- > baud modem. All the ads I read say that "effective throughput is 9600 baud
- > with v.42 compression". What does this mean?
-
- It's marketing bullshit, ignore it. I'll explain why below.
-
- First, here's my very own list of all the modem jargon you need to know
- about:
-
- - - - cut here - - -
-
- Connection Protocols and Miscellaneous Standards:
- -------------------------------------------------
-
- These all specify the basic speed of the modem and how you connect it to your
- computer.
-
- V.21 110 or 300 bps.
- V.22 1200 bps connection.
- V.22bis 2400 bps connection.
- V.23 600, R1200/T75 or R75/T1200 bps connection.
- V.24 Our old friend the RS-232C interface.
- V.26bis 2400 or 1200 bps half-duplex connection. (Not the same as V.22bis)
- V.27ter 4800 bps half-duplex connection. (Not the same as V.32)
- V.32 4800 or 9600 bps.
- V.32bis 14400 bps.
- PEP Proprietary technique used when Trailblazers talk to each other.
- V.Fast Something faster than V.32bis. Not finalized yet, but lots of
- impatient manufacturers are coming out with their own mutually
- incompatible interpretations of what they think the eventual
- standard will say.
-
- V.26bis and V.27ter are believed to be used by Fax machines.
-
-
- Error-control Techniques:
- -------------------------
-
- These specify whether the modem has a system for detecting and correcting
- errors. These only work if the modem at the other end has the same system.
-
- LAPB Uses link layer portion of X.25. Also available in HDX (half
- duplex) and AFT (Hayes Asynchronous Framing Technique) flavours.
- V.42 \ V.42 == LAPM, and is compatible with MNP levels 2, 3, and 4.
- LAPM / Also in HDX and AFT flavours. MNP compatibility is also referred to
- as LAPM/ALT (Alternative protocol).
- X.25 Standard for point-to-multi-point connections through X.25
- packet-switched networks.
- Ping-pong Proprietary technique used by older Hayes modems on 4800 and 9600
- bps connections.
-
-
- Compression Techniques:
- -----------------------
-
- These specify whether the modem has a system for squeezing more data down in
- the same number of bits or baud (state changes). These only work if the modem
- at the other end has the same system.
-
- MNP 5 Uses Lempel-Ziv for 2:1 compression.
- ADC Proprietary Hayes protocol, gives 2:1 compression.
- V.42bis Layered on LAPM connections only; gives 4:1 compression. Switches
- off automatically if its use would not be advantageous (e.g. if the
- data is already compressed).
-
- Acronyms:
- ---------
- DTE Data terminal equipment -- the computer or terminal attached to the
- modem.
- DCD Data Carrier Detect -- the modem switches this on when it detects
- a carrier signal.
- DTR Data Terminal Ready -- used by the DTE to signal to the modem that
- it is ready to receive data.
- DSR Data Set Ready -- used by the modem to signal to the DTE that it is
- ready to receive data.
- RTS/CTS Request To Send / Clear To Send -- signals used for flow control.
- The DTE and modem each use one of the signals to indicate their
- readiness to receive more data.
- XON/XOFF An alternative to RTS/CTS for flow control. Two characters XON and
- XOFF (^S and ^Q) are used to pause and resume the flow of data.
- A refinement, Transparent XON/XOFF allows ^S and ^Q characters to
- be sent because it automatically 'escapes' them.
- bps Bits per second
-
- - - - cut here - - -
-
- Baud rate is a technical term which isn't terribly useful -- bits per second
- is what you'll actually see coming out of the modem and into your Mac.
-
- Now, to answer your questions:
-
- A 2400 baud modem is one which provides up to 2400 bps of data to your Mac
- when connected to another 2400 baud modem.
-
- A V.32 modem is one which provides 4800 or 9600 bps of data when connected to
- another V.32 modem. "2400 with V.32" is a misunderstanding.
-
- A V.42 modem is one which will detect most errors and correct them, but only
- if it is connected to another V.42 modem.
-
- You might be thinking of a V.42bis modem, which is a modem with compression.
- A 2400 baud modem with V.42bis compression will provide you with up to 9600
- bps, but only on files which can be compressed efficiently, and only when
- you're talking to another V.42bis modem. Any V.42bis modem will also have
- V.42 error-correction.
-
- The chances are most large downloads you'll be doing will be things like .sit
- files, which V.42bis won't compress much. So a 2400 modem with V.42bis
- probably won't give you anything like the performance of a plain 9600 modem
- in actual use.
-
- Any ad which says "effective throughput is 9600 baud with v.42 compression"
- is talking crap. Firstly, it's bps that's the relevant measurement, not
- baud. Secondly, effective throughput will be significantly less than 9600
- for most large files you're likely to be transferring, as explained above.
-
- > Can I hook up a 2400 baud
- > with compression to a plain 9600 baud modem and get 9600 throughput on my
- > end?
-
- No. The plain 9600 modem won't have V.42bis, so you'll get a plain 2400 baud
- connection. If the 9600 modem had V.42bis, you'd get a 2400+V.42bis
- connection -- that is, at most 9600 bps, and usually less than that.
-
- > Do I need a modem (either 2400 or 9600 baud) with compression on the
- > other end to use compression?
-
- Yes. Don't worry, though; if you're transferring compressed files -- like
- .sit archives -- compression at modem level won't help much.
-
- > I want 9600 baud speed, but if I can get it with a 2400 baud with
- > compression, that saves me $$$. Please, someone with more knowledge about
- > these things help me!
-
- My advice is that you won't get 9600 speed from a 2400 modem even if it has
- V.42bis compression. I don't have the money for a modem, but if I did I
- wouldn't even consider a 2400 one. I'd sooner have a plain 9600 than a
- 2400+V.42bis.
-
- Here at Mantis we use Hayes V.32/V.42bis modems running as plain V.32 half
- the time, plus a couple of 2400/V.42 and 2400/V.42bis modems. Oh, and ISDN.
-
- I hope the above information helps you. Any corrections are welcomed. No
- flames, please, just technical data.
-
- Unfortunately, modems are something of a black art, and there's lots of
- confusing terminology. There are also a lot of cowboys who will sell you a
- slow modem on the assurance that because it has V.something, it must be as
- good as a fast modem.
-
- Another trick I've seen used is to sell a 2400 baud modem, but to put in the
- phrase "9600 bps DTE transfer speed". All that actually means is that it
- could theoretically talk to the computer at 9600 bps; DTE speed is the speed
- at which it talks to the computer. The data will still go down the phone
- lines at 2400, and hence you'll only get 2400 bps of actual throughput.
-
- If you have any other questions, feel free to mail me. I promise not to try
- and sell you a modem. :-)
-
-
- mathew
-