home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!paladin.american.edu!auvm!VAXF.COLORADO.EDU!POWERS_W
- Return-Path: <@VMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU:POWERS_W%FLC@VAXF.Colorado.EDU>
- X-Envelope-to: CSG-L@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu
- X-VMS-To: @CSG
- MIME-version: 1.0
- Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
- Message-ID: <01GTBLSJF8YQ006MJF@VAXF.COLORADO.EDU>
- Newsgroups: bit.listserv.csg-l
- Date: Sat, 9 Jan 1993 16:55:21 -0700
- Sender: "Control Systems Group Network (CSGnet)" <CSG-L@UIUCVMD.BITNET>
- From: "William T. Powers" <POWERS_W%FLC@VAXF.COLORADO.EDU>
- Subject: H=k*int(T-C) is a generative model
- Lines: 74
-
- [From Bill Powers (930109.1530)]
-
- Greg Williams (930108) replying to Rick Marken (930108.2030)
-
- Rick said "So an SR model is PART and PARCEL of the control
- model."
-
- >But I thought that the typical S-R model was construed by
- >PCTers as containing reference ONLY to observable variables and
- >as purely descriptive at the level of the phenomena being
- >DESCRIBED, and that the typical PCT model was construed by
- >PCTers as containing observable variables AND hypothetical
- >underlying (or, eventually observable, but at any rate INTERNAL
- >to the organism) variables and as a generative model
- >postulating mechanisms at a level below the level of the
- >phenomena being EXPLAINED.
-
- Greg, I've just realized something that may clear up this whole
- argument. You've been proposing that in the pursuit tracking
- experiment, the observed relationship between handle, cursor, and
- target is H = k*int(T-C). I've been accepting that as true, but
- it isn't true. That is not an observed relationship; it's a
- HYPOTHETICAL relationship. It is, in fact, a generative model of
- the control system that would explain the observable behavior.
-
- This would actually be easier to see with a slightly more
- complicated model, one with a leaky integrator in the output
- function. Suppose we say that H = k*[lint(T-C,tau)] where "lint"
- means a leaky integrator with a time constant of tau. To match
- the model behavior to the real behavior, we must adjust both k
- and tau. However, the apparent time constant in the observable
- behavior is not tau, but some shorter time constant (it could be
- a factor of 10 or 20 shorter). We must give the model a LONG time
- constant in order to match it to behavior that exhibits a SHORT
- time constant. The time constant measured by perturbing the
- controlled variable is not the correct one to use in the model.
-
- In fact, what is observed in the relationship among disturbance,
- cursor, and handle with the organism present is the outcome of
- connecting two functional relationships together in a negative
- feedback loop. One of these relationships can be observed in the
- environment. If the organism is removed, we can arbitrarily
- manipulate H to determine how H and D work together to set the
- position of the cursor, C. We observe that C = H+D. And that is
- ALL that we can observe. If we remove the environment, the
- organism no longer behaves.
-
- When the organism is reconnected, we find a new relationship: it
- is, approximately, C = 0 and H = -D (in the case where the
- reference signal can be assumed 0). These relationships represent
- the solution of a pair of simultaneous equations: the one we can
- determine by examining the environment, and an UNKNOWN one that
- represents the internal organization of the organism. We do not
- OBSERVE that H = int(T-C) (in the original case). We HYPOTHESIZE
- that equation as a generative model of the way the invisible
- insides of the organism work. We TEST this model by seeing
- whether that equation, combined with the known relationship C =
- H+D, gives behavior that matches the real behavior.
-
- In some cases it may be possible to deduce the organism equation,
- if suitable inverses exist. Whether or not deduction can be used,
- the fact is that the result describes the behavior of the insides
- of the organism, which are not directly observable in normal
- behavioral experiments. In general that transfer function is not
- visible in the external variables or their relationships. By one
- means or another, we must venture to propose a function inside
- the organism.
-
- And that, I think, separates PCT from S-R psychology once and for
- all -- at least in closed-loop situations.
- -------------------------------------------------------------
- Best,
-
- Bill P.
-