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- From: pop@cs.umass.edu ( Robin Popplestone )
- Newsgroups: rec.railroad
- Subject: DMU's and putting the world to rights.
- Keywords: energy-efficient diesel-multiple-unit
- Message-ID: <57873@dime.cs.umass.edu>
- Date: 21 Dec 92 19:27:41 GMT
- Sender: news@dime.cs.umass.edu
- Organization: University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Lines: 80
- Originator: pop@roo.cs.umass.edu
-
- Dave Pierson writes
-
-
- << If traffic MUST be maintained, and one or two cars are all that is
- needed, a DMU is the way to go. If more cars are needed (and MBTA runs
- crush loads, during rush hour, on four and six car trains), then the
- balance for all expenses tilts towards loco haulage: For a DMU, if an
- engine is down, the seats are idle. For an engine, if the engine is
- down, the seats stay in service. (The RDC's had "quick change" engine
- facilities built into the design, but even so....)>>
-
- Locomotive haulage for commuter trains has really been obsolescent for
- the whole of this century - essentially the problem is that adhesion
- (despite remarkable improvements of recent years) cannot keep up with
- improvements in specific power (kilowatts/kilogram), since a
- locomotive is limited at low speeds (which means below 70mph these
- days for passenger applications) by wheel slippage. Thus the
- advantages listed by Dave Pierson for locomotive haulage are still
- seen to apply in Europe for medium speed rail (e.g. British Rail's
- class 91 electric BoBo can pump out its 5 megawatts between 70 and
- 140mph and comfortably beat the heavier pair of diesel power cars of
- the previous generation HST). But, even in Europe, 100 mph commuting
- is the exception.
-
- The earliest attempt I know of to save locomotive haulage for
- commuters from its inexorable fate was c. 1910, when the chief
- engineer of the Great Eastern Railway in England, who evidently loved
- his choo-choos, proved to the satisfaction of critics that a 0-10-0
- tank locomotive could match electric train timings. Nobody thought to
- ask how the mountain of coal that the monster would consume was to be
- paid for.
-
- Now informed opponents of rail such as MIT's Alan Altshuler reserve
- their bitterest scorn for the locomotive hauled commuter train, as
- being of all transport modes the least likely to save energy (except
- perhaps a private helicopter). Now I think he is WRONG in all his
- analysis, because what he does not take into account is that you
- cannot separate transport from the society it serves. When the US
- after the war plastered itself with copies of Hitler's gift to
- civilisation, the autobahn, it committed itself to a diffuse
- demography that has energy inefficiency as its essence (whatever its
- perceived strategic advantages for the cold war). So no one need be
- surprised that it costs the US 50% more energy to achieve a given
- added value than it does its competitors. [even this is probably an
- underestimate - Consider for instance the fact that following a growth
- spurt in the 80's and the collapse of competition by the USSR and
- South Africa, the US has recently achieved the highest rate of
- incarceration in the world - this (together with burglar alarms etc.)
- presumably gets included in the GNP, but doesn't contribute much to
- the sum total of citizen happiness. Contrarywise, one may suppose
- however that Japan's rather archaic distribution system does give a
- certain contentment to the people involved. Consider also how the
- enormous US expenditure on health care produces a life expectancy
- around that of one of the poorer EEC countries. Probably in some real
- sense, the US produces about 50% of the value from each joule of
- energy that Europe does.]
-
- It does help to rebut the Altshuler's of this world if public
- transport systems have clear goals of energy efficiency. It also helps
- to boost the proportion of costs recovered in fares. In Europe, the
- DMU has a humble role to play in this, partly by providing service to
- places so small they could hardly be called villages, partly by
- providing service on lines that have not yet been electrified.
-
- The US, trying to turn swords into ploughshares, could well consider
- setting up the kind of symbiosis between military and rail uses of
- diesels that has been a feature of the UK scene. The military of
- course like diesel engines, because their soldiers stand less chance
- of being fried when the fuel tank of their tank is hit. So should we
- all - standard training for the British Army is to demonstrate how
- good a bomb can be made from an automobile with a few ounzes of high
- explosive strapped to its fuel tank. Why make life easy for rioters
- and terrorists? Now the US naturally has some advanced diesel engines
- under development, which could perhaps usefully be married to trains
- in various configurations (e.g. one could concentrate diesel
- generators but distribute an electrical drive).
-
- Refs: Alan Altshuler (et al) 1981 "The Urban Transportation System:
- Politics and Policy Innovation", MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-01055-0(hard)
- 0-262-51023-5 (paper)
-