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- Newsgroups: rec.boats
- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!ames!news.dfrf.nasa.gov!rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov!bowers
- From: bowers@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov (Al Bowers)
- Subject: Re: Gybing Centreboards
- In-Reply-To: briang@atlastele.com's message of Fri, 18 Dec 1992 22:45:26 GMT
- Message-ID: <BOWERS.92Dec22122726@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov>
- Sender: news@news.dfrf.nasa.gov (Usenet news)
- Organization: NASA Dryden, Edwards, Cal.
- References: <1992Dec18.224526.3054@atlastele.com>
- Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 20:27:31 GMT
- Lines: 50
-
- In article <1992Dec18.224526.3054@atlastele.com> briang@atlastele.com (Brian Godfrey) writes:
-
- >In article <BOWERS.92Dec16131343@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov> bowers@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov (Al Bowers) writes:
- >>Okay. You have to think of a centerboard as a wing, like that on an
- >>airplane. in order for this wing to work as well to both sides (port
- >>...
- >>So ideally, a gybing board _should_ be more efficient. But in actual
- >>practice, it seldom is. IMHO.
-
- >I think the thing that most people leave out when they start thinking
- >about using a pivoting keel to generate lift to counteract the pressure
- >of wind against sail is this: When a foil is generating lift, it is
- >also generating drag. This is an extremely well known phenomenon in
- >airplanes. In many planes, when you want to slow down one of the things
- >you do is crank on flaps. Flaps generate more lift, more lift causes
- >more drag, and more drag slows you down. Nothing is free. So if you
- >use angle of attack of the keel to pry the boat more upright, you will
- >get increased propulsion (thrust) from your sails, and increased drag
- >from the keel. Which will have the larger effect? I suppose that
- >would depend on lots of things, but sometimes you probably gain, mostly
- >you probably break even, sometimes you probably lose.
-
- In this case, you always lose. The centerboard is _very_ efficient at
- generating lift, compared to the hull. So ideally you want to
- minimize the drag of the hull. To do this you align the hull with the
- flow (leeway equal zero). The difference in the hull lift to no hull
- lift on the leeway (angle of attack) angle is minimal (close enough to
- zero to ignore, but it can be calculated with any Vortex Lattice
- program). But the difference in drag will be substantial. The drag
- due to lift from any lifting surface is called _induced_ drag. The
- other drag is profile and is pretty close to a fixed number and is
- simply the skin friction plus the `form' drag. There is also a
- interference drag due to corners (like between the hull and the board)
- but this is usually a given. The other types of drag you need to be
- concerned about are spray, cavitation and ventilation drag.
-
- The killer with this arrangement is that a perfect seal between a
- gybing board and the bottom of the hull (board case) is near
- impossible to achieve. This results in large amounts of water
- sloshing around in the board case. This is wasted energy.
-
- You dinghy types can try a simple experiment. Remove your board next
- time on a downwind run in low to moderate winds. As you remove the
- board, look down into the case. Lots of water sloshing about. Bad.
- Very bad. :-) That, my friends, is the definition of drag.
-
- --
- Al Bowers bowers@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov
- NASA F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle, Lead Aero
- NASA, Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California
-