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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!emory!wupost!csus.edu!netcom.com!marquis
- From: marquis@netcom.com (Roger Marquis)
- Newsgroups: rec.bicycles.racing
- Subject: Caffeine and Performance (was: Cyling and Doping)
- Message-ID: <1992Dec27.163618.6107@netcom.com>
- Date: 27 Dec 92 16:36:18 GMT
- Article-I.D.: netcom.1992Dec27.163618.6107
- References: <+yfrc5g@lynx.unm.edu> <1992Dec22.160230.18662@cbnews.cb.att.com> <1992Dec27.071550.27901@netcom.com>
- Organization: Netcom
- Lines: 97
-
- >OK, let's see some evidence that caffeine is a performance-enhancing drug.
- >This entire line is simple BS since most of the laboratory monitored effects
- >are performance destroying [... much speculation deleted]
-
- >The known biochemical actions of coffee (caffeine) are pretty much a draw.
-
- There is _plenty_ of evidence that caffeine is a performance enhancing
- drug. Where have you guys been? (obviously not reading Brooks' 'Sports
- Physiology') Read on.
-
-
- ------ CAFFEINE AND PERFORMANCE ------
-
- A few years ago the well known exercise physiologist, David
- Costill, published the results of his research on caffeine and
- the physical performance of long distance runners. This research
- has resulted in the faddish use of caffeine among some and a
- generally positive impression of caffeine that is not completely
- warranted. While caffeine may still be a fad among runners it has
- a long history of use among European cyclists.
- Although touted as an almost miracle performance enhancer
- make no mistake about it, caffeine is not for everybody. Caffeine
- is a powerful central nervous system stimulant whose effects
- diminish with increased usage; Larger and larger doses can become
- necessary to avoid withdrawal symptoms and sustain stimulation
- until you need a cup just to function normally. The way to avoid
- this is to drink caffeine only during or before races and
- training rides. Most road riders limit their caffeine consumption
- to a bottle of coke diluted with water during training rides and
- the last half of longer races, or a cup of drip coffee a half an
- hour before shorter races. The exact mechanisms of caffeine's
- diminishing effects are not well known but are probably are due
- to reduced circulating levels of free fatty acids some CNS
- neurotransmitters.
- Caffeine affects different people differently. For some it
- only causes uncomfortable 'nervousness', high blood pressure and
- stomach acid. A strong cup of coffee, to someone who does not
- drink caffeine regularly, can last all day and well into the
- night, leaving a groggy feeling the next day that can be remedied
- only with another cup. If you do drink more than a cup of coffee
- every day some cutting back would probably go far towards
- improving your riding quality. When a cup of coffee is no longer
- an option but a prerequisite for alertness and energy it is
- probably doing you more harm than good. This is the negative side
- of drinking the stuff, moderation can be difficult.
- Caffeine is also a powerful diuretic. This can mean serious
- health and performance dangers. Many riders do not drink enough
- fluids even without caffeine. For this reason it is best to avoid
- any form of caffeine during hot weather and drink more water than
- normal whenever you drink coffee, cola or tea. Remember, the
- fatigue felt from dehydration is indistinguishable from the
- normal fatigue of hard training.
-
- -----------
-
- With so many drawbacks why is caffeine so popular among
- endurance athletes in general and cyclists in particular?
- Primary among caffeine's benefits is its effect on free
- fatty acid metabolism. When caffeine frees fatty acids for use as
- muscle fuel it spares glycogen, glucose and amino acids which
- would otherwise be metabolized at a faster rate. The net effect
- of this is increased availability of glucose for use as muscle
- fuel. In other words, higher blood sugar levels for longer
- periods of time.
- This is also why coffee is popular among students. The brain
- functions exclusively on glucose, and higher blood sugar levels
- facilitate thinking. The most popular effect of caffeine is not
- physical, but mental. The utilization of this stimulation, in the
- form of motivation, can be an advantage to an occasionally
- undermotivated athlete. Be careful of becoming too hyper before a
- race or ride though, excess arousal can impair your ability to
- ride safely and intelligently.
- The amount and type of caffeine consumed are significant
- determinants of its effectiveness. There can be major
- _qualitative_ differences between coffees, even though the total
- amount of caffeine may be similar. Better coffees are lower in
- acid, higher in caffeine and have a longer lasting effect. Ground
- coffees are generally preferable to canned or instant. Sodas are
- all basically similar except for taste, Coke and Mt. Dew being
- the most popular. Diet sodas are a good choice because of their
- fluid to caffeine ratio, taste and lack of sugar. Tea is a
- popular choice among Europeans. I know one Belgian pro who rarely
- gets on his bike without a bottle full of Earl Grey and never
- drinks anything but water off the bike.
-
- -----------
-
- Along with the performance and health considerations of
- drinking caffeine there are ethical considerations to weigh.
- Caffeine is a stimulant and is banned in large quantities (6+
- cups) by the UCI. There are those who would like to see caffeine
- banned completely, theorizing that this would place everyone on a
- more equal footing. Whether this is possible or not it is not at
- present seen as practical or desirable due, no doubt, to the
- popularity of caffeine among athletes and non-athletes worldwide.
-
- 1989, Roger Marquis
-