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- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!olivea!charnel!rat!ucselx!crash!cmkrnl!jeh
- From: jeh@cmkrnl.com
- Newsgroups: rec.audio.car
- Subject: Re: dB, volts vs. watts (was Re: Why so much power?
- Message-ID: <1992Dec30.132026.1044@cmkrnl.com>
- Date: 30 Dec 92 21:20:26 GMT
- References: <1992Dec26.185843.1019@cmkrnl.com> <26130135@hpcc01.corp.hp.com>
- Organization: Kernel Mode Consulting, San Diego, CA
- Lines: 99
-
- In article <26130135@hpcc01.corp.hp.com>, kirk@hpcc01.corp.hp.com (Kirk Lindstrom) writes:
- > [jeh@cmknrl.com wrote:]
- >>In general, gain is gain, and dB are dB. There is no such concept as
- >>"converting from dB[power] to dB[voltage]", and no need to express decibels
- >>as "dBW" or "dBV" as opposed to just "dB".
- >>
- > I don't agree. Read on and see if you agree with what I write.
- >
- >>Consider an amplifier driving a load R with a 1-volt RMS waveform.
- >>Now suppose we increase the output to 10 volts RMS. How many dB is that?
- >>(note, all "log(x)" = log{base 10}(x))
- >>
- >> From volts: gain = 20*log(10/1)
- >> = 20*1 = 20 dB
- >>
- >> From watts: gain = 10*log((10*10/R)/(1*1/R))
- >> = 10*log(100/1)
- >> = 10*2 = 20 dB
- >>
- >>In other words, db[power] = db[voltage], provided that the load impedance is
- >>the same for the two measurements.
- >>
- > For clarity, we (myself and many I work with) usally specify what units
- > we are working in since db is a relative measurement. I believe many use
- > db and dbW (and dbV) interchangealby in/with the MKS system since W=1.
- > Correct?
-
- I'm not sure what you mean by "W=1".
-
- But in any case, I don't see what the "W" or "V" tells you. What do you
- do differently based on "dbV" vs. "dbW"?
-
- > In other words, since db is relative we must state or assume with what
- > it is relative to.
-
- I don't see this at all. dB is an expression of a ratio. The original units
- which were measured to get the ratio disappear completely, because they appear
- on both the top and bottom of the ratio "fraction".
-
- Let's translate to another domain and see if it makes more (or less!) sense.
- Suppose I drive to LA one week, and my odometer shows 130 miles for the trip.
- Next week I drive to Las Vegas and the odometer shows that the trip was 520
- miles. If I tell you "LV is four times as far from here as LA", you don't need
- to know whether I measured it in miles, kilometers, light-years, or furlongs to
- apply this ratio to other measurements. If, for example, you're more familiar
- with km, and you know that LA is 200 km from here, then you can use my "4x"
- ratio to learn that LV is 800 km.
-
- > For example, page 64 of Dec. 92 Stereophyle shows
- > a McIntosh 1000 Watt power amp. The meter on the amp has two
- > calibrations for a single scale labeled:
- >
- > WATTS .01 .1 1 10 100 1000
- > |----|----|-----|----|----|-----|-|=|
- > DECIBELS -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +6
- >
- > Here McIntosh is saying that 0db for their amp is full power and has
- > the potential for +6db peaks.
-
- Fine. But what you're looking at here is really a voltmeter; the "watts"
- figures are for a presumed 8-ohm load. From E=sqrt(P*R) we can find the
- voltages and add another scale:
-
- VOLTS .28 .89 2.8 8.9 28 89
- WATTS .01 .1 1 10 100 1000
- |----|----|-----|----|----|-----|-|=|
- DECIBELS -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +6
-
- and the dB figures remain the same.
-
- > (I wonder how much this amp costs?)
-
- Don't know, except that about half the cost will be for the McIntosh name. :-)
-
- >>In audio work, one usually does not measure amplifier gain by measuring watts
- >>in vs. watts out, because the load impedance *won't* be the same for the two
- >>measurements. Audio amps are typically voltage amplifiers, with only the
- >>final stage providing current to a low-impedance load.
- >>
- >>Now, if you have dB and want to convert back to power ratio or voltage ratio,
- >>then, yes, you need to apply the proper divisor.
-
- I should have said "...the proper divisor for the 'target' units, but this does
- not depend on the original units." ie if you have a dB figure and you want to
- get a voltage ratio from it, it's the same calculation whether volts or watts
- (or current, for that matter) was originally measured to come up with the dB.
-
- Again -- I don't see what information you're, er, gaining by being told "dBV"
- vs "dBW".
-
- I can see that the two figures would be different if, for example, you measured
- voltage gain with the amp driving an open circuit, but measured power gain
- under a typical load... but in that case you need a lot more information than
- just "W" vs. "V", you need to know ALL of the test conditions for the two
- measurements.
-
- --- Jamie Hanrahan, Kernel Mode Consulting, San Diego CA
- Internet: jeh@cmkrnl.com, hanrahan@eisner.decus.org, or jeh@crash.cts.com
- Uucp: ...{crash,eisner,uunet}!cmkrnl!jeh
-