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- From: kirk@hpcc01.corp.hp.com (Kirk Lindstrom)
- Date: Sun, 27 Dec 1992 20:32:16 GMT
- Subject: Re: dB, volts vs. watts (was Re: Why so much power?
- Message-ID: <26130135@hpcc01.corp.hp.com>
- Organization: Shredding the water of SF Bay, HP-OCD
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!sdd.hp.com!col.hp.com!news.dtc.hp.com!hpscit.sc.hp.com!hplextra!hpcc05!hpcc01!kirk
- Newsgroups: rec.audio.car
- References: <1992Dec26.185843.1019@cmkrnl.com>
- Lines: 106
-
- >In article <>, kirk@hpcc01.corp.hp.com (Kirk Lindstrom) writes:
- >> OOPS!
- >> I did it again and forgot power is 10log(P1/P2) while voltage gain and
- >> spectrum analyzer displays are 20Log(V1/V2). Reason is
- >> Power=Voltage*current=V*I=V^2/R
- >
- >Right so far.
- >
- >> Thus if talking power gain where the formula is dbW=10log(P1/P2) and you
- >> want to convert to voltage gain, then db=10log[V1^2/V2^2]=20log[V1/V2].
- >
- >I'm not sure what you're trying to say here. Maybe you're saying correct
- >things but I'm misreading you. In which case, please take this as a correction
- >for the benefit of the other people who misread you the same way:
- >
- OK. I was saving a few steps:
- db=10Log(P1/P2)=10Log[(V1^2/R)/(V2^2/R)]=10*2Log[V1/V2]=20Log(V1/V2)
-
- >In general, gain is gain, and dB are dB. There is no such concept as
- >"converting from dB[power] to dB[voltage]", and no need to express decibels
- >as "dBW" or "dBV" as opposed to just "dB".
- >
- I don't agree. Read on and see if you agree with what I write.
-
- >Consider an amplifier driving a load R with a 1-volt RMS waveform.
- >Now suppose we increase the output to 10 volts RMS. How many dB is that?
- >(note, all "log(x)" = log{base 10}(x))
- >
- > From volts: gain = 20*log(10/1)
- > = 20*1 = 20 dB
- >
- > From watts: gain = 10*log((10*10/R)/(1*1/R))
- > = 10*log(100/1)
- > = 10*2 = 20 dB
- >
- >In other words, db[power] = db[voltage], provided that the load impedance is
- >the same for the two measurements.
- >
- For clarity, we (myself and many I work with) usally specify what units
- we are working in since db is a relative measurement. I believe many use
- db and dbW (and dbV) interchangealby in/with the MKS system since W=1.
- Correct?
-
- In other words, since db is relative we must state or assume with what
- it is relative to. For example, page 64 of Dec. 92 Stereophyle shows
- a McIntosh 1000 Watt power amp. The meter on the amp has two
- calibrations for a single scale labeled:
-
- WATTS .01 .1 1 10 100 1000
- |----|----|-----|----|----|-----|-|=|
- DECIBELS -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +6
-
- Here McIntosh is saying that 0db for their amp is full power and has
- the potential for +6db peaks. (I wonder how much this amp costs?)
-
- >In audio work, one usually does not measure amplifier gain by measuring watts
- >in vs. watts out, because the load impedance *won't* be the same for the two
- >measurements. Audio amps are typically voltage amplifiers, with only the
- >final stage providing current to a low-impedance load.
- >
- >Now, if you have dB and want to convert back to power ratio or voltage ratio,
- >then, yes, you need to apply the proper divisor. For any gain g expressed in
- >decibels:
- >
- I think this is where my problem lies since the measurement I did at home
- was with an output power meter and the ones at work are with spectrum
- analizers. (The problem is, I don't think I have the distortion levels
- correct for the spec's I list in the graph mainly since THD is the sum
- of all the distortion products. One thing I did do right is show that
- LOTS of power that you don't want is generated when an amp is overdriven.)
-
- >Note that it doesn't matter whether the original dB figure was obtained from
- >power or voltage measurements.
- >
- As long as E2 and E1 as well as P2 and P1 must be in the same unit system.
-
- >For the example problem, if you look at a spectrum analyzer display and see
- >that the 180 Hz output is 6 dB below the 60 Hz, that indeed means that the
- >analyzer is measuring voltages with a 2:1 difference... or that, when this
- >signal is passed through a power amp and applied to a speaker, the power of
- >the 60 Hz component will be 4x that of the 180 Hz component (assuming that
- >the speaker impedance is the same at both frequencies, which isn't usually
- >likely for this particular pair of freqs! Oh well...).
- >
- With HP analyzers, I get REALLY lazy and use the cursor which gives power
- (dbm) and voltage (uV) for 50 Ohm systems. 8-)
-
- > --- Jamie Hanrahan, Kernel Mode Consulting, San Diego CA
-
- Thanks for the info./clarification. I'm trying to write a FAQ type thing
- to explain power and distortion a bit. It definatly needs more work.
- I do believe that dbV or dbW for the the y-axix labels needs to be shown
- so that we know that 0db=1V or 1 Watt.
-
- Kirk out
- => "We are what we pretend to be." - Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | Kirk Lindstrom - OCD Product R & D | Hewlett-Packard Co. M/S: 91UA |
- | Engineer/Scientist, Hardware | |
- |------------------------------------| Optical Communication Division |
- | kirk_lindstrom@sj.hp.com | |
- | Kirk Lindstrom / HP0100/UX | 370 W. Trimble Rd. |
- | ph 408 435 6404 | fax 408 435 6286 | San Jose, CA 95131-1096 |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
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