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- From: andrem@pyrtech.mis.pyramid.com (Andre Molyneux)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.games
- Subject: Re: Falcon vs. Hellcats
- Message-ID: <184691@pyramid.pyramid.com>
- Date: 21 Dec 92 23:42:19 GMT
- References: <1992Dec14.125532.357361@magicbb.uucp> <1992Dec17.153638.7262@spider.co.uk> <BzIDCJ.Ct7@ns1.nodak.edu>
- Sender: news@pyramid.pyramid.com
- Reply-To: andrem@pyrtech.mis.pyramid.com (Andre Molyneux)
- Distribution: usa
- Organization: Pyramid Technologies, Mt. View, California.
- Lines: 135
-
- >Yes, there were several copies of the night version of the P-38 during WWII.
- >
- >Not many saw action, but there were production models off the lines.
- >
- >-=C. Patrick Simons
-
- This is straying a bit from the topic of HOTP, but jfb@ihlpl.att.com
- (Joseph F Baugher) has been posting an excellent series of articles to the
- sci.military newsgroup about the P-series planes, and recently the history
- of the P-38 was covered. I'll include the portions of the P-38 history
- that deal with the night-fighter varients below (quite lengthy). One
- piece of information that is interesting due to the Leyte Gulf scenarios
- is "One of them, operating from Tacoban, Leyte, scored its first kill on
- January 9, 1945."
-
- If you're interested in gathering information on the real performance of
- aircraft, WWII or otherwise, sci.military is an excellent place to ask.
- I'm sure someone there can provide accurate info on the various F6F Hellcat
- varients, as well as the other aircraft that appear in HOTP.
-
-
- I haven't asked Joe if it's ok to reproduce sections of his work here, but
- hope he won't mind. The portions reproduced here are only a small part of
- the fairly comprehensive history, which was so detailed it was posted in
- eleven parts:
-
- ===========================================================================
-
- [lots of stuff deleted]
-
- Two P-38J-20-LOs (serials 44-23544 and 44-23549) were modified in
- Australia during the autumn of 1944 for use as single-seat night
- fighters, carrying AN/APS-4 radar in a pod underneath the starboard
- wing. These modifications were tested in New Guinea and the
- Philippines.
-
- A P-38J-5-LO (serial number 42-67104) was tested at Wright Field and
- Orlando, Florida as an experimental night fighter with a radar
- operator sitting on a jump seat just aft of the pilot. The AN/APS-4
- radar was initially mounted under the fuselage in a pod just aft of
- the nosewheel. This pod proved to be rather easily damaged by stones
- thrown up by the nosewheel during takeoffs and landings, so it was
- repositioned beneath the starboard wing, but this resulted in
- interference from the adjacent engine nacelle.
-
- [lots more deleted]
-
- Early in 1943, at least two unidentified P-38Fs were modified in the
- field by the Fifth Air Force as single-seat night fighters by fitting
- an SCR540 radar with yagi antennae on the nose on both sides of the
- central nacelle, and above and below the wings. In order to make room
- for the radar, two of the 0.50-inch machine guns and their ammunition
- boxes had to be moved forward. Three P-38Js were also modified in the
- field as experimental night fighters.
-
- However, these modifications were all single seaters, and it was found
- that the flying of the plane and the operation of the radar was too
- much of a job for just one person. Consequently, Lockheed attempted
- to adapt the P-38L as a two-seat night fighter. In 1944, Lockheed
- converted P-83L-5-LO Ser No 44-25237 as a two-seat night fighter, with
- the radar operator sitting aft of the pilot under a raised section of
- the canopy. The aircraft was fitted with an AN/APS-6 radar in an
- external radome underneath the nose, relocated radio equipment and
- anti-flash gun muzzles.
-
- This modification was successful, and provided the USAAF with a night
- fighter having a top speed of 406 mph at 15,000 feet as compared to
- only 369 mph at 20,000 feet for the Northrop P-61A Black Widow.
- Consequently, the Army issued a contract change calling for the
- Lockheed Modification Center in Dallas to convert 75 additional
- P-38L-5-LOs into P-38M twin-seat night fighters. They were painted
- glossy black overall. These were just entering service when the war
- ended. The P-38M saw operational service in the Pacific in the last
- few days of the war. It was an effective night fighter with very
- little performance penalty over the standard single-seat Lightning.
-
- Flash eliminators were fitted to all guns, mainly to aid the pilot in
- retaining night vision when they were fired. Experiments were
- conducted with the object of shielding the turbosupercharger exhaust,
- but the entire exhaust system was so hot that it glowed at night,
- making the small reduction of visibility possible with the shielding
- of the actual efflux relatively pointless. Consequently, no
- modifications of the exhaust system were undertaken on "production"
- P-38Ms. Initial climb rate was 3075 feet per minute, and an altitude
- of 20,000 feet could be attained in 8.7 minutes.
-
- Serials of P-38Ls converted to P-38M configuration were as follows:
- 44-26831, 26863, 26865, 26892, 26951, 26997, 26999/27000, 27018,
- 27233, 27234, 27236/27238, 27245, 27249/27252, 27254, 27256/27258,
- 53011/53017, 53019/53020, 53022/53023, 53025, 53029/53032,
- 53034/53035, 53042, 53050, 53052, 53056, 53062/53063, 53066/53069,
- 53073/53074, 53076/53077, 53079, 53080, 53082/53090, 53092/53098,
- 53100/53101, 53106/53107, 53019/53110, 53112.
-
- There is a P-38M on display at the Champlin Fighter Museum at Falcon
- Field, Mesa, Arizona. It no longer has its radome slung under the
- nose, but the two-seat configuration is still retained. That radar
- operator in the rear must have been REALLY cramped!
-
- [still more stuff deleted]
-
- During this time, two P-38Fs of the 6th Fighter Squadron of the 18th
- Fighter Group were equipped with radar as single seat night fighters
- operating from Henderson Field to curb the activities of "Bedcheck
- Charlie", a Japanese aircraft flying nuisance sorties over Gualdacanal
- at night.
-
- Two P-38J-20-LO single-seat night fighters were fitted at Townville
- with AN/APS-4 radar in a pod under the starboard wing. These were
- operated during the winter of 1944-45 by the 547th Night Fighter
- Squadron. One of them, operating from Tacoban, Leyte, scored its
- first kill on January 9, 1945.
-
- [yet more stuff deleted]
-
- In 1945, three Night Fighter Squadrons (421st, 547th, and 550th) were
- sent to the Pacific zone with P-38M night-fighter Lightnings.
-
- Sources:
-
- Lockheed Aircraft Since 1913, Rene J. Francillon, Naval Institute Press,
- 1987
-
- The P-38J-M Lockheed Lightning, Profile Publications, Le Roy Weber
- Profile Publications, Ltd, 1965.
-
- War Planes of the Second World War, Fighters, Volume Four, William Green,
- Doubleday, 1964.
-
- Famous Fighters of the Second World War, William Green, Doubleday, 1967.
-
- The American Fighter, Enzo Anguluci and Peter Bowers, Orion Books, 1987.
-
- United States Military Aircraft since 1909, Gordon Swanborough and Peter M.
- Bowers, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.
-