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- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!Germany.EU.net!urmel.informatik.rwth-aachen.de!beor!jonas
- From: jonas@beor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de (Josef Nelissen)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,comp.theory
- Subject: SUMMARY: INDEPENDENT SET for two dimensional interval graphs
- Date: 18 Dec 92 10:21:14 GMT
- Organization: Rechnerbetrieb Informatik - RWTH Aachen
- Lines: 105
- Distribution: inet
- Message-ID: <jonas.724674074@beor>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: beor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de
- Keywords: INDEPENDENT SET, interval graphs, complexity, graphs
-
- Hi netters,
- in my original posting I wrote:
-
- > I would be very interested to get any pointers/references regarding
- > the following problems:
- >
- > In a natural extension to the notion of an interval graph, let a two
- > dimensional interval graph be the graph whose vertices correspond to a
- > (finite) set of two dimensional intervals (rectangles for short) in
- > N^2 (or the euclidean plane), and two vertices are adjacent iff the
- > intersection of the corresponding rectangles is not empty.
- >
- > 1) What is the complexity of the INDEPENDENT SET problem for these graphs
- > in general?
- >
- > 2) What is the complexity for a graph with the following properties of
- > the intervals:
- >
- > Consider a finite irregular grid consisting of linear combinations
- > of (ax + by, cx + dy) for integer constants x,y > 0, integer
- > coefficients a,b,c,d >= 0 with the restrictions ax + by <= R and
- > cx + dy <= S.
- > For each point (m, n) of the grid exist two rectangles of
- > dimensions (x, y) (the constants from above) and (y, x)
- > respectively, whose lower left corner coincedes with (m, n), i.e.
- > the endpoints are (m, n), (m+x, n), (m+x, n+y), (m, n+y) and
- > (m, n), (m+y, n), (m+y, n+x), (m, n+x).
- >
- >
- > Any help would be greatly appreciated - I don't even know if this
- > class of graphs has been identified before!
-
- Of course this class of graphs was discovered before:
- Let the boxicity of a graph be the minimum number of dimensions for
- which k-dimensional boxes are needed to represent the graph as an
- intersection graph of these objects.
- Then this class is the one of boxicity <=2 graphs.
-
- As can be easily shown, every graph can be constructed as the interval
- graph of boxes of an appropriate dimension, but the determination of
- the minimum k is NP-complete, which was shown for k >= 3 by Yannakakis
- (The Complexity of the Partial Order Dimension Problem, SIAM J. Alg.
- Disc. Math 3, 351-358, 1982) and for k=2 recently by Jan Kratochvil of
- Charles University in Prague ("A Special Planar Satisfiability Problem
- and a consequence of its NP-completeness", submitted for publication).
-
- The INDEPENDENT SET problem is NP-complete for boxicity 2 graphs, as
- was shown by Paterson, Tanimato et. al (IPL Vol 12 No 3 June 1981 pp.
- 133-137). This result can be extended to the intersection graphs of
- unit disks, as shown by Wong and Kuo (IPL Vol 28 No 6, 1988 281-286).
- Another reference on unit disk graphs is an article by Clark Colbourn
- and Johnson (Discrete math Vol 86, 1990, pp 165-177).
-
- Other results and references mentioned in this context are:
-
- 1. CLIQUE is easy, say in P, for boxicity 2 graphs because
- rectangles in the plane have the "Helly property"; if there is a
- set which corresponds to a clique, there must be a point of
- common overlap.
-
- 2. One can find the minimum number of disjoint sets (of vertices) in
- which a (one-dimensional) interval graph can be partitioned in
- O(nlogn) by some sort of sweep-line-algorithm on the interval
- representation.
-
- 3. The INDEPENDENT SET problem for planar segments is treated in a
- joint paper of Kratochvil and Nesetril (Comm. Math. Univ. Carol.
- 31(1990), 85-93)
-
- 4. The INDEPENDENT Set problem for other geometric objects is
- treated in an article by T. Asano ("Difficulty of the Maximum
- Independent Set Problem on Graphs of Geometric Objects" in Graph
- Theory, Combinatorics and Applications; Alavi Y. et al. (eds.),
- 1988, pp. 9-18)
-
- Other references concerning interval graphs are
-
- a) Golumbic, M.C.: Algorithmic Graph Theory and Perfect Graphs, Academic
- Press, 1980
-
- b) Golumbic, M.C.: Interval Graphs and Related Topics, Discrete
- Mathematics, Vol. 55, pp. 113-121, 1985
-
- c) Cozzens, M.B.: Higher and Multi-dimensional Analogues of Interval
- Graphs, Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Mathematics, Rutgers University,
- New Jersey, 1981
-
- Applications for interval graphs can be found in
-
- i) Roberts, F.S.: Discrete Mathematical Models, Prentice-Hall,
- 1976
-
- ii) Roberts, F.S.: Graph Theory and its Applications to Problems of
- Society, NSF-CBSM Monograph No.29, SIAM Publications,
- Philadelphia, PA, 1978
-
- I've got no responses concerning my second question, so I will have to
- find out myself :-)
-
- Many thanks to all who responded, Josef
- --
- Josef Nelissen, Lehrstuhl fuer Angewandte Mathematik, insbesondere Informatik,
- RWTH-Aachen, Ahornstr. 55, W-5100 Aachen, Germany, Tel. +49 241/80-21060,
- FAX +49 241/80-21079, e-mail jonas@beor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de
- * To know everything would be impractical. The access time would be enormous. *
-