home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!bgsuvax!steiner
- From: steiner@andy.bgsu.edu (Ray Steiner)
- Subject: Re: A Problem
- Message-ID: <Bz46J8.8s4@andy.bgsu.edu>
- Organization: Bowling Green State University B.G., Oh.
- References: <101376@netnews.upenn.edu> <1992Dec11.035049.25067@math.toronto.edu> <Bz3uyJ.5ny@andy.bgsu.edu>
- Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 21:33:07 GMT
- Lines: 70
-
- steiner@andy.bgsu.edu (Ray Steiner) writes:
-
- >hsieh@math.toronto.edu (Paul Hsieh) writes:
-
- >>(Alexander Burshteyn) writes:
- >>>Here is a nice problem, which was given, I believe, at the International High
- >>>School Student Olympiad in Australia (I'm not sure about the exact title of the
- >>>the competition, though).
- >>>
- >>>Prove that if, for some non-negative integers A and B, we have that
- >>>(A^2 + B^2) / ( 1 + AB) is an integer, then it is a square of an integer.
- >>>
- >>>Enjoy,
- >>>
- >>>Alex Burshteyn.
-
-
- >>Actually, this appeared on an IMO question a few years ago. Just for fun some
- >>of us at U(T) tried solving the question from scratch (without looking up the
- >>solution somewhere). But we cheated by running a computer program for ages to
- >>find examples. We quickly came to the conjecture that the only possible (a,b)
- >>was (p,p^3), but this is shot down by the example (30,8). But after further
- >>examimation of the data, Ed Dolittle saw the following:
- >>If (a,b,k) is a solution where, (a^2+b^2)/(1+a*b)=k, and a,b,k are non-negative
- >>integers, with a>=b, then so is (|a-k*b|,b,k). Using this observation we see
- >>that if (a,b,k) is a solution then we can find a different solution (c,d,k)
- >>with c<=a, d<=b. Applying this succesively we find that eventually one of
- >>a or b will become 0 => k = a^2 or k=b^2. (Note that throughout, k does not
- >>change which is the important point of the procedure). QED.
- >>Now, I enjoy doing problems as much as the next guy, but the question I have,
- >>is: How in the heck is someone supposed to see this under contest conditions?
- >>If you tried to find examples by hand, you'd be hard pressed, as there are
- >>no non-trivial (meaning (p,p^3)-type examples) examples which are small,
- >>besides (30,8). And seeing that reducing step, in my mind, is not at all
- >>obvious without looking at some examples. My recollection is that very few
- >>people got this question when it appeared at the IMO and I am surprised that
- >>anyone did! Hats off to those that did. Anyways, that's about enough
- >>bandwidth for me,
-
- >>Paul Hsieh
-
- >But, aren't we getting away from the original problem here?
- >Neither this reply nor the previous one solves the ORIGINAL
- >problem! The infinite descent argument indeed proves that
- >a(or b) must eventually be zero, but ignores all other possible
- >values of a and b. The division argument given in another
- >post is also wrong, because of the solution (30,8). I tried
- >solving the problem by computing the discriminant of the quadratic
- >a^2-kab+(b^2-k)=0 and noting that it must be a square, but
- >this didn't lead anywhere either! Surely, the examiners
- >who set this question must have had a simpler idea in mind!
- >Ray Steiner
-
- >--
- >steiner@andy.bgsu.edu
-
- Oops: Repost: My idea does lead somewhere after all!
- If the discriminant of the quadratic above = c^2, then we
- get
- c^2-(k^2-4)b^2= 4k.
- If k is a square, k^2-4 isn't, so if k is a square we get
- infinitely many solutions! Just replace 4k by 1, solve the
- basic Pell equation and then multiply each of c and b by 2\sqrt(k).
- So now the problem is to show: If k is not a square this
- equation has no integer solutions. If k is not a square mod 5
- this is easy! But how does one prove this in general???
- Ray Steiner
-
- --
- steiner@andy.bgsu.edu
-