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- Newsgroups: sci.logic
- Path: sparky!uunet!pmafire!mica.inel.gov!guinness!opal.idbsu.edu!holmes
- From: holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes)
- Subject: Re: Liar paradox
- Message-ID: <1992Dec17.154637.10401@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- Sender: usenet@guinness.idbsu.edu (Usenet News mail)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: opal
- Organization: Boise State University
- References: <1476@eouk13.eoe.co.uk> <GUTTMAN.92Dec16164336@circe.mitre.org> <BzEM6u.2C1@watdragon.uwaterloo.ca>
- Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 15:46:37 GMT
- Lines: 38
-
- In article <BzEM6u.2C1@watdragon.uwaterloo.ca> pasward@maytag.uwaterloo.ca (Paul A.S. Ward) writes:
- >In article <GUTTMAN.92Dec16164336@circe.mitre.org> guttman@circe.mitre.org (Joshua D. Guttman) writes:
- >
- >>Kripke, who's always entertaining, says that the statement is quoted by St.
- >>Paul in one of the Epistles, who writes that Epimenides, even one of their own,
- >>states that all Cretans are liars. St Paul adds, "This testimony is true."
- >>Paul seems to have missed the logical subtlety here.
- >
- >Not necessarily. Since Paul is not Cretan, he can agree with the statement
- >"All Cretans are liars" without causing a paradox. The essence is the
- >difference between the paradoxical "I always lie" and the non-paradoxical
- >"You always lie" statements.
- >
- >Just sign me "One Paul defending another"
- >
- >Paul.
-
- Epimenedes the Cretan himself can assert that all Cretans are liars
- without danger of paradox, under most circumstances. The precise
- conditions under which this is possible depend on the definition of
- "liar". If a liar is a person who _always_ lies, then Epimenedes can
- assert "All Cretans are liars" and be (in this instance) lying, as
- long as some Cretan somewhere at some time made a true statement.
- Paradox only ensues if every other proposition ever made by a Cretan
- was just plain false. If "liar" means a person who sometimes or even
- usually lies but may occasionally tell the truth, then there is no
- danger of paradox at all; Epimenedes may either be lying (there are
- Cretans who always or habitually tell the truth) or he may be telling
- the truth, in a momentary lapse into veracity.
-
- But it is disturbing that the meaningful character of the assertion
- depends on the extraneous fact of some other Cretan telling the truth
- some time or other, in the first, interesting case.
- --
- The opinions expressed | --Sincerely,
- above are not the "official" | M. Randall Holmes
- opinions of any person | Math. Dept., Boise State Univ.
- or institution. | holmes@opal.idbsu.edu
-