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- From: nyt%nyxfer%igc.apc.org@MIZZOU1.missouri.edu (NY Transfer News)
- Subject: Economic Crisis Hits Japan's Workers
- Message-ID: <1992Dec19.080635.13437@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
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- Date: Sat, 19 Dec 1992 08:06:35 GMT
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- Lines: 104
-
- Via The NY Transfer News Service * All the News that Doesn't Fit
-
-
- ECONOMIC CRISIS HITS JAPAN'S WORKERS
-
- By Sue Bailey
-
- (First of two articles on the Japanese economy and
- the labor movement)
-
- In the U.S., the relationship between workers and bosses in Japan
- is touted as a model other industrialized countries should
- emulate. Labor-management committees and a lifetime employment
- guarantee, which have supposedly removed the adversarial
- relationship between workers and bosses, are seen as key to
- Japan's success. But the supposedly recession-proof Japanese
- economy is suffering its third straight year of decline. Profits
- are expected to drop more than 20 percent by the end of 1992,
- according to the Dec. 7 Wall Street Journal.
-
- The myth is being shattered.
-
- With the second-biggest economy in the world, Japan is not immune
- from the global economic crisis currently affecting all the
- imperialist powers. The Wall Street Journal reported Dec. 8 that
- the Japanese bourgeoisie fears the recession there is "not just a
- cyclical downturn but possibly the start of an extended period of
- slow growth."
-
- And there is a banking crisis. The Japanese banking system, with
- up to $500 billion of problem debts, faces a crisis as large as
- the U.S. savings & loan debacle, according to the Nov. 11 New
- York Times. Japan's Ministry of Finance estimates the total value
- of non-performing loans--on which not even interest has been paid
- for six months or more--at close to $100 billion. Most private
- analysts put the true figure at more than $240 billion.
-
- Bailing out the financial institutions could be such a
- substantial expense that it could cut the competitiveness of
- Japanese lenders for the remainder of this decade, according to
- an analysis in the nov. 26 issue of Far Eastern Economic Review.
-
- Risutora--restructuring--is now on the agenda at many
- corporations. And with restructuring comes attacks on workers.
-
- The so-called lifetime employment guarantee--which doesn't even
- apply to two-thirds of the work force--has been thrown out the
- window. Many major corporations have announced layoffs.
-
- So have their subsidiaries. So have smaller companies. And so has
- the public sector.
-
- Oki Electric Industry plans 30,000 layoffs over the next two
- years. Victor Company of Japan, a large audio-visual firm, has
- slated 3,000 for layoffs. Matsushita Electric Industrial Company
- will dump 1,500 workers.
-
- Even giants like Nissan and Nippon Steel Corporation will lay off
- thousands over the next couple of years. The expected shake-out
- and consolidation of some Japanese industries will bring yet more
- job losses.
-
- WOMEN WORKERS UNDER THE GUN
-
- Women workers face the greatest hardships.
-
- From 1975 to 1992, the number of women workers rose from 11.5
- million to 20 million. Women now make up 40 percent of the work
- force. Although an equal opportunity law was passed in 1985, many
- women complain that in the deepening recession the law is
- forgotten.
-
- Attorney Michiko Nakajima told the New York Times, "The only way
- to make the equal opportunity law work is to give it power to
- punish companies." (Dec. 1)
-
- Instead, corporations don't hire women for career-track
- positions, and they force them to retire early. The male-female
- wage differential is getting bigger: Women's pay is on average 60
- percent of men's.
-
- If layoffs are based on seniority, women are the first to go.
-
- The National Confederation of Trade Unions (Zenroren) has
- established a women's organization to fight for true equality,
- higher wages and fewer work hours for everyone. It's not unusual
- to work 100 hours overtime each month.
-
- Zenroren was formed in November 1989 as an alternative to the
- "enterprise" or company unions established to bring industrial
- peace after the militant labor offensives of the 1940s, 1950s and
- 1960s.
-
- Next: Behind the current attacks on Japanese workers
-
-
- (Copyright Workers World Service: Permission to reprint granted if
- source is cited. For more info contact Workers World, 46 W. 21
- St., New York, NY 10010; email: ww%nyxfer@igc.apc.org; "workers"
- on PeaceNet; on Internet: "workers@mcimail.com".)
-
-
- NY Transfer News Service * All the News that Doesn't Fit
- Modem: 718-448-2358 * Internet: nytransfer@igc.apc.org
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