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- Newsgroups: alt.sys.pdp8
- Path: sparky!uunet!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!usc!rpi!news.columbia.edu!watsun.cc.columbia.edu!lasner
- From: lasner@watsun.cc.columbia.edu (Charles Lasner)
- Subject: Re: Request for instruction cycle counts
- Message-ID: <1992Dec19.093750.7276@news.columbia.edu>
- Sender: usenet@news.columbia.edu (The Network News)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: watsun.cc.columbia.edu
- Reply-To: lasner@watsun.cc.columbia.edu (Charles Lasner)
- Organization: Columbia University
- References: <HOLMER.92Dec18174207@rose.eecs.nwu.edu>
- Date: Sat, 19 Dec 1992 09:37:50 GMT
- Lines: 60
-
- In article <HOLMER.92Dec18174207@rose.eecs.nwu.edu> holmer@eecs.nwu.edu (Bruce Holmer) writes:
- >
- >Does someone have a table of instruction cycle
- >counts for a high-end PDP-8? I'd need to know
- >about how many cycles the different addressing
- >modes require and how to calculate the cycle
- >count for the OPR instructions.
- >
- >Thanks,
- >--Bruce
-
-
- It's interesting timing that you ask for benchmarks as there is another
- simulator soon to make the light of day. This one is for a *real* PDP-8
- meaning it supports peripherals including disks. It's specifically for
- 80286 and up machines with HD diskette drives. The author cannot currently
- post to usenet but can e-mail, etc. He wants representative code so that
- he can determine the ratio of PDP-8 to simulator performance using a wide
- variety of programs, etc.
-
- Not counting the 6120 cycle time, which is somewhat erratic depending on
- which instructions specifically we call out, it's best to stick to the 8/e
- processor with static memory for timing. This is the most common configuration
- anyway.
-
- All OPR instructions are 1.2 microseconds each regardless of group or outcome
- of any test.
-
- All internal IOT instructions are also 1.2 microseconds unless "stretched"
- by a peripheral using the NOT LAST TRANSFER line on the OMNIBUS. If the
- cycle is external, and there actually is a KA8E installed, the cycle will
- be stretched my an amount determined by the KA8E, and can be adjusted to
- many microseconds to accomodate very long (over 50 foot) external positive
- and/or negative busses.
-
- All other instructions are two-cycle and thus take 2.6 microsends, or if
- indirect are 3.8 microseconds unless auto-indexed in which case make that
- 4.0 microseconds.
-
- If EAE is present, various group 3 instructions are implemented that take
- a varying amount of time such as long shifts which are shift-count dependent
- for total execution time, and there are many different timings for each of the
- different instructions. In some cases, instruction timing can also be affected
- by auto-indexing operations, such as when the EAE diagnostic places a
- MUY instruction into location 00007 so that the operand pointer is in location
- 00010 thus causing an auto-index as a "feature".
-
- All of these timings assume no memory collisions such as occur when the
- MOS memory cards (DRAM) are used, or if DMA is occuring simultaneously. There
- is no pipelining used, although the architecture would easily allow it. There
- is some instruction prefix optimization in the 6120 implementation, thus
- instruction times widely vary with respect to the 8/e. Some are marginally
- faster, yet others are quite a bit slower.
-
- By using a short buss, it is possible to "tweak" the CPU timing to get speeds
- about 20% better than this accurate nominal speed (crystal-controlled).
- CESI is/was marketing a replacement VLSI processor that was/is quite a bit
- faster, etc.
-
- cjl
-