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- Xref: sparky sci.geo.geology:2442 sci.astro:12291 alt.sci.planetary:346
- Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,sci.astro,alt.sci.planetary
- Path: sparky!uunet!haven.umd.edu!darwin.sura.net!gatech!mailer.cc.fsu.edu!geomag!cain
- From: cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu (Joe Cain)
- Subject: life and geology
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.215007.28263@mailer.cc.fsu.edu>
- Followup-To: sci.geo.geology
- Keywords: melting point iron core inner core CO2
- Sender: cain@gly.fsu.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: geomag.gly.fsu.edu
- Organization: Florida State University Geology Dept.
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 92 21:50:07 GMT
- Lines: 66
-
- in Article 3239 of sci.geo.geology Richard Stead writes:
- In article <1992Nov11.175421.19955@mailer.cc.fsu.edu>, cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu (Joe Cain) writes:
-
- >>... After life started on Earth so as to raise the oxygen level
- >> from near zero creatures evolved with shells so the carbon dioxide
- >> started to be captured in the shells that ended up as carbonate rocks.
-
- >No. oxygen levels were already high by the time multi-cellular organisms
- >appeared. 3 billion years of algae produced oxygen by photosynthesis.
- >The carbon was most probably locked up as organic molecules. Carbonate
- >deposits were probably inorganic. Even stromatolitic limestones were
- >a pretty late development.
-
- Good point! However, I now hear from our paleoecologist here, that
- there are some very old (> 2 Ga) stromatolites sitting on carbonate
- rocks, and the present argument is that either they produced it, or
- filtered what was already there. He also claims that not only most of
- the carbonate now is organically produced by several algae, but that
- he believes it always was so produced. If this is true there would
- there be no need to have to wait for shelled critters to develop at
- the beginning of the phanerozoic, What results have been published
- either about the change of CO2 with time, or the reasons? I see in
- such tomes as Hamblin and Christiansen's "Exploring the Planets" (p.
- 182) a plot of oxygen vs time that has it from 1% of present at 2 Ga
- rising linearly on a log plot to a level present value near 300 My BP.
- What would a similar curve for CO2 look like?
-
- >> greenhouse affect of all the water vapor and CO2 was diminished. (The
- >> increase in oxygen allowed ozone to form and organisms to survive in
- >> the sunshine filtered of its hard UV). Was this decrease of
- >> temperature a significant factor in allowing plate tectonics to
- >> develop?
-
- >Plate tectonics started as soon as the surface of the new earth was
- >cool enough that some magma could solidify. If anything, it has
- >diminished with time. It is driven by the thermal gradient between the
- >outer core and the surface. The outer core is at 12000K. It really
- >doesn't make much difference if the earth's surface is at 0K or 350K,
- >the outer core temperature dominates.
-
- Although the strength of mantle convection indeed must be driven by
- the temperature gradient, my thought was that the ease with which
- subduction takes place would be related to how quickly the ocean floor
- would cool as it came away from the ridges. I would think that if the
- internal temperatures were some 300K hotter say 3 Ga ago, the crust
- would have stayed thin and the pull part would be less or that the
- crust might not have subducted so easily or done so at shallower angles.
-
- In any event your figures for internal temperature are way higher
- than those quoted recently. For example, in the "Deep Earth Dialog"
- reporting on the Mizusawa SEDI meeting, Loper reports regarding the
- melting point of iron "The melting curve then must pass from the
- hcp-bcc-liquid triple point (at 195 Gpa) to the solid-liquid
- transition (at 224 GPa and 5000 deg K) observed by Brown and McQueen
- (1986), which yields Tm ~5800K for pure iron at the liquid-solid core
- boundary pressure (330 Gpa). If the inner core is nearly pure iron,
- then the melting temperature at the Earth's center would be about 300
- deg higher due to adiabatic compression, yielding Tm ~5800K at the
- Earth's center. Thus the temperature at the Earth's center is less than
- about 6000K."
-
-
-
-
- Joseph Cain cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu
- cain@fsu.bitnet scri::cain
-