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- Newsgroups: rec.photo
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!linac!att!cbnewsm!ka1gt
- From: ka1gt@cbnewsm.cb.att.com (robert.m.atkins)
- Subject: Re: Resolution of Lens ???
- Organization: AT&T
- Distribution: na
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 00:34:20 GMT
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.003420.15573@cbnewsm.cb.att.com>
- References: <Bxw69K.309@world.std.com> <1992Nov19.025409.2162@walter.bellcore.com> <1992Nov19.214725.7999@craycos.com>
- Lines: 75
-
- In article <1992Nov19.214725.7999@craycos.com>, sog@craycos.com (Steve Gombosi) writes:
- >
- [lots of stuff on resolution deleted]
-
- > Maybe I don't understand how this all works, but aren't the resolutions
- > of the lens, film, and system (lens *and* film) related in this way:
- >
- > 1/Rs = 1/Rl + 1/Rf
- >
-
- Yes, there is an empirical relationship of that form which is often used.
- I've never seen a derivation for it, but I'm prepared to believe it gives
- a reasonable approximation.
-
- > If that's true, and Rs = 100lp/mm and Rf = 320 lp/mm (for Tech Pan),
- > that means that your lens has to resolve better than 145 lp/mm.
- >
- > That ain't too shabby.
-
- Actually its pretty bad. Depending on exactly what you define as resolution,
- a diffraction limited lens should resolve close to 1800/f-stop lp/mm. Lets
- be conservative and say only 1200/f-stop. That means a diffraction limited
- lens at f4 should resolve 300+ lp/mm, similarly 428 lp/mm at f2.8 or
- 215 lp/mm at f5.6. I know this is conservative since I can see a resolution
- of over 250 lp/mm from an f5 lens I have when looking at the aerial image
- (the formula would say 240 lp/mm).
-
- >
- > What does Kodak claim for TMX resolution?
- >
- > Isn't it around 160 lp/mm?
-
- Kodak rate T-MAX 100 at 200 lp/mm (high contrast)
-
- > If so, then your lens has to resolve 267 lp/mm to get 100 lp/mm
- > reolution on the final negative. I don't think you're doing
- > anything wrong - I think you're a victim of algebra.
- >
-
- Well, if we believe Kodak at 320 lp/mm for Tech Pan (HC-110 dilution D
- development - which is what I use) then there should be no problem at
- all in getting 100 lp/mm. You would only need 145 lp/mm from the lens
- as you said. This should be easy, yet modern photography had GREAT
- trouble with the best lenses available. If you look at most of their
- tests lenses tended to top out at about only 70 lp/mm (though I never
- found a reference to exactly how they did their testing on on what type
- of film).
-
- My guess is that the discrepancy lies in the term "resolution" (which
- is somewhat subjective when determined by eye) and perhaps in the
- "optimistic" resolving power numbers from film manufacturers. Perhaps
- the resolving power of Tech Pan depends critically not only on the film
- itself, but also on the developer, time, temperature, agitation, ISO
- rating and other conditions. I've used all the data given in the Kodak
- data sheets to try to optimise things, but maybe I'm missing something.
-
- A couple of other points come to mind. (1) At the resolution limit the
- image of the test target is no longer high contrast (the aerial image
- that is). The resolving power of Tech Pan is only 125 lp/mm for low
- contrast targets (usually 1:1.6?). Thus as you approach the resolving
- limit of the lens, the resolving power of the film itself drops also.
- Thus if the lens JUST resolved 400 lp/mm in a low contrast aerial
- image, 125 lp/mm from the film would give only 95lp/mm on the negative.
-
- (2) Test targets of the "black and white bar" variety have a square
- wave intensity distribution and thus contain a significant amount of
- 3rd harmonic content (i.e. contain spatial frequencies 3 times that of
- the fundemental). If Kodak use such targets to get their resolving power
- then there is no problem. If they use sinusoidal targets, or (incorrectly)
- calculate lp/mm from other (MTF) data then the numbers might be
- inconsistant.
-
- ===============================================================
- Bob Atkins AT&T Bell Labs email (direct) att!clockwise!rma
- ===============================================================
-