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- Newsgroups: rec.games.bridge
- Path: sparky!uunet!rational.com!questor!davidm
- From: davidm@questor.Rational.COM (David Moore)
- Subject: Re: Which inference is better, WAS - "finesse or play for the drop"
- Message-ID: <davidm.722284543@questor>
- Sender: news@rational.com
- Organization: Rational
- References: <1992Nov16.131237.19210@ms.uky.edu><lsimonse.722011812@vipunen.hut.fi><BxwHCq. 55K@irvine.com><1ee8ukINN8ij@agate.berkeley.edu><1992Nov18.224411.4092@u.washi ngton.edu><GRABINER.92Nov19121848@boucher.harvard.edu> <davidm.722213002@questor> <GRABINER.92Nov19221731@boucher.harvard.edu>
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 18:35:43 GMT
- Lines: 99
-
-
- grabiner@math.harvard.edu (David Grabiner) writes:
-
- >In article <davidm.722213002@questor>, David Moore writes:
-
- >> grabiner@math.harvard.edu (David Grabiner) writes:
-
- >Please check your attributions: I didn't make either of the statements
- >below.
-
- Sorry, I have had the same thing happen to me, so I know how annoying it
- can be.
-
- >> Try this experiment. Sort a deck of cards into order (2C 3C .... KS AS) and
- >> then shuffle them. Now count the number of times a card is followed by the
- >> next higher card; that is, they have "stuck together" during the shuffle.
-
- >> If the shuffle was totally random, the average number of such occurences in
- >> a deck would be 1. In practice, the number will be quite high, even if you
- >> make a good attempt at shuffling.
-
- >It won't be 1 unless you shuffle the deck several times. Even a good
- >riffle shuffle (randomly merging two piles) will break only half the
- >pairs. Seven shuffles are needed to come close to randomizing a deck,
- >if the previous order is fixed.
-
- Right, by "shuffle" I meant the total process, not just one riffle. Computer
- dealt hands, for example, should be completely random.
-
- (Question; has anyone come up with a set a sensitive statistics for estimating
- the randomness of a shuffle? )
- >> Let's suppose you get 10 such pairs.
-
- >That's probably a bit too many for the average shuffler; three normal
- >shuffles might be expected to leave about 10 pairs, but many people
- >shuffle more than three times.
-
- And many don't. Your estimate that 3 riffles would leave 10 pairs seems reasonable
- to me.
-
- >> Let us also suppose that the
- >> probability of the K being over the Q in a pack is 10% (before the
- >> shuffle).
-
- >I don't think this is likely. If the deck came fresh from the factory,
- >was sorted by hand, or was just used for a winning game of solitaire,
- >the probability that the king is over the queen is either 0% or 100%.
- >But in a deck that was last used for a game of rubber bridge, the main
- >reason that would make the king would lie over the queen would be if it
- >covered a queen on the last deal. I don't think that a king covers a
- >queen on 1/3 of the 25% of hands that have the king lying over the
- >queen.
-
- This is the estimate I am least sure is reasonable.However, I would think that the
- 1/3 is a reasonable estimate here. In duplicate, however, whenever both
- cards are in the same hand, the K will often be played before the Q, and as
- the token shuffle at the end of the play will do little to disturb the order,
- I still think 10% to be a reasonable guesstimate. It would be nice to have
- real data.
-
- >> Then the probability of a finess working is raised to
- >> roughly 20%*10% + 50%=52%, and the probabiliuty of it failing is
- >> lowered to 48%.
-
- >This calculation is incorrect. If the king lies over the queen, and
- >they aren't split, the king definitely lies over the queen. Otherwise,
- >it is 50-50, but you only get 50% of the *remaining* cases, which happen
- >98% of the time by your figuring. You get .02 + .5*.98=.51, and even
- >closer to .50 if you make more reasonable assumptions.
-
- I guess its time to do the calculation properly; neither of the above is correct.
-
- Lets assume the probability of the two cards sticking together is 0.02.
- In this case, if you have the King, the opponents always have the Q.
-
- If they do not stick, the probability of the opponents having the Queen is 50%.
-
- Now, you are sitting at the table and you have the K and the opponents have the Q.
- What is the probability the cards stuck? We apply Bayes' rule:
-
- P(stuck)P(split|stuck)
- P(stuck|split) = -------------------------------------------------
- P(stuck)P(split|stuck)+P(unstuck)P(split|unstuck)
-
- 0.02*1.0
- = ------------------
- 0.02*1.0+0.98*0.50
-
- = 0.02/0.51
-
- = 0.04 (rounding)
-
- So the probability of the K lying over the Q is 0.04+0.5*0.96 = 0.52. So my answer
- was correct even though I kludged the math.
-
- However, my intention in the original post was not to suggest people should always
- take the finesse, but to lend support to the idea that any additional information
- should be used instead of just going with the odds.
-
-