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- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!wupost!psuvax1!psuvm!mek104
- Organization: Penn State University
- Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1992 14:45:45 EDT
- From: <MEK104@psuvm.psu.edu> (Mark Kubiske)
- Message-ID: <92206.144545MEK104@psuvm.psu.edu>
- Newsgroups: talk.environment
- Subject: Re: Soil Building (was: Libertarians & the environment)
- Lines: 69
-
- in <dAS-!4B@engin.umich.edu> blagdon@engin.umich.edu (Kenneth James Clark)
- writes:
-
- >I can think of a large number of the biggest forests in the world where the
- >vast majority of the carbon is *not* stored in the vegetation. Hint: You
- >burn part of one of them in your gas tank.
-
- I stand corrected, the ratio of above to below ground carbon is pretty close
- to 1 in the temperate zone, somewhat less in the boreal forests and
- considerably more in the tropics. In general, the more productive the
- ecosystem, the more carbon is stored in above ground biomass. Not to
- quibble, but fossil fuels are not forests. Millions of years ago, the
- carbon in hydrocarbons were in the form of carbohydrates, but oil, coal and
- natural gas are not part of any forest, not by any stretch of the
- immagination.
-
- >You need to qualify your statement to read "in any young forest".
-
- Clearly, a young forest does not necessarily grow on young soil. An
- excellent example of this is a bog forest growing on organic soil that was
- at one time open water. Living in Michigan you *must* be familiar with this
- type of primary succession.
-
- >... the biggest amount of organic matter in middle age and old forests is
- >in the soil (nope, didn't say old-growth, doesn't have to be old growth to
- >be old).
-
- The oldest forests in the world are in the tropics. Tropical soils contain
- very little organic matter because of the rapid rate of decomposition. You
- need to qualify your statement.
-
- What is your definition of 'old-growth'?
-
- >... a great deal of very old organic material gets buried year after year
- >in this process. This is soil building.
-
- This is *part* of soil building. Most forest soils also have a mineral
- component. In fact, the bulk of the soil mass across the whole soil profile
- is mineral, not organic. The addition of organic matter releases nutrients
- as the organics decompose, and adds structure which increases moisture
- holding and aeration.
-
- >The wood you remove provides no nutrients to the soil, however, which slowly
- >depletes the soil. The tree rotting in the woods dumps all its nutrients
- >back into the soil. Since trees produce more nutrients than they get from
- >the soil (minerals from sub-soils, carbon from the atmosphere, energy to
- >produce cellulose from photosynthesis) If left alone, a forest produces and
- >extra amount of soil each year. ... Clear-cutting tilts the scale as far
- >as possible to the soil depletion side.
-
-
- Trees don't produce more nutrients than they get from the soil. Minerals
- (inorganic ions commonly called 'nutrients') from subsoils are already in
- the soil, trees just bring them back up to the surface. No added minerals
- there. Carbon is not a plant nutrient in the common usage of the word. In
- any case, plants don't use carbon from the soil. Energy (solar radiation
- converted to chemical energy) is not a nutrient either. Most "additions" to
- the ecosystem in the form of nutrients come from air born particles
- deposited by rain. Plants don't "manufacture" nutrients.
-
- Tree stems don't return very many nutrients to the soil. Most of this comes
- from leaf litter. Bole harvesting removes very few nutrients from the site
- whichcan be compensated for by longer cutting cycles. But to do this
- requires a large enough acreage of timberland so that rotations can be
- extended. Removal of leaf litter is the greatest threat to nutrient
- depletion. A summer crown fire which burns all the foliage removes far more
- nutrients than a bole wood harvest does.
-
- Mark.
-