OS/2 Shareware BBS: 11 Util/11-Util.zip/g30demo.zip/GAMMA.INF

OS/2 Help File | 1996-07-15 | 81KB | 2,404 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Preface ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Congratulations on your purchase of the GammaTech Utilities.  We feel that you
will find them an excellent companion to your OS/2 system.

This package of utilities adds enhanced data optimization, manipulation and
recovery capabilities to your mission critical OS/2 workstation.

It is recommended that you spend a few minutes browsing this documentation to
become familiar with the various utilities provided.  Please note that this
documentation can be printed using standard functions of the view command.

Copyright (C) GammaTech, Inc. 1991-1994  All rights reserved.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Installation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following sections explain how to install the GammaTech Utilities base
product as well as how to install corrective service files for the GammaTech
Utilites.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.1. Installing the Base Product ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Warning: If you have files to recover now, you should not install the Utilities
to the same volume where the deleted file(s) reside. You may install to a
different volume or you may execute the UnDelete function of the GTDisk utility
directly from the installation disk. To execute the UnDelete function of the
GTDisk utility from the installation disk, place the disk in drive A: and type
A:GTDisk from any OS/2 command prompt. Then select the Undelete function.

You must use the GTINST program for installation of the GammaTech Utilities.
GTINST decompresses files from the installation files and places them on the
hard disk. A standard copy will not decompress the files and will also copy
files which you do not need.

If you have installed an earlier version of the GammaTech Utilities, you may
wish to edit your Config.Sys file and remove any references to the directory
where the old version resides. By default, version 3.0 will be installed into a
new directory and the PATH statement in Config.Sys will be updated. However, if
an older version is also installed, the older versions of the utilities will be
executed when working from an OS/2 window or full screen unless you remove the
references to the older version.

Complete and mail the registration card.  Maintenance releases may be sent to
registered customers from time to time without notice.  Only registered
customers will be notified of and eligible for upgrade opportunities. You
should complete and return the registration card even if you purchased this
software directly from us.

To install the GammaTech Utilities, switch to an OS/2 full screen or an OS/2
window, place the installation disk in your A: drive, and type: A:GTINST. The
install program will guide you through the installation process. If required,
you may use your B: drive as well. Simply specify B:GTINST when you execute the
program.

Install may have altered your CONFIG.SYS file (it will ask you before doing
this) or it may ask you to make changes to CONFIG.SYS manually. If so, you must
reboot your system to activate those changes.

Online documentation is included with the GammaTech Utilities.  To view the
online documentation, double click on the information icon found in the
GammaTech folder.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.2. Installing Corrective Service ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Corrective service may be provided from time to time either on floppy diskettes
or by electronic means such as by download from CompuServe or BBS's. You must
use the GTINST installation program to install these corrective service
updates. Use the following procedure to install corrective service.

     Shutdown all GammaTech applications which may be executing.

     Switch to a OS/2 window or full screen.

     Start the install program: GTINST d:\path\csdfile (Specifying the full
      drive, path and file name of the corrective service file.)

     Review the readme file, which will be displayed for you, for any special
      instructions.

     Click on Install

     Follow any directions given by the installation program.

     Once installation of the CSD has completed, you may restart any GammaTech
      applications.

 Note that the corrective service file name ends with ".CSD". This is a
 requirement. If you should rename the csd file, it must have an extension of
 ".CSD".

 If while attempting to apply this CSD you encounter the error message pop-up
 with the title which reads "Base Level Invalid", it means that the version
 information stored in the INI files could not be found. This information was
 placed there during the installation of the base product, but is no longer
 there. You must reinstall the base product and then apply this CSD.

 If installation of corrective service fails due to a lack of disk space,
 GammaTech applications executing, etc. Correct the problem causing the failure
 and reapply the corrective service. Reinstallation of the base release is not
 required in this situation.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3. Recreating Folder and Icons ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In the event your GammaTech folder or program object icons should become
damaged or "lost", you may recreate them without having to perform a complete
reinstall of the product. To do this, follow the instructions below:

     Insert the GammaTech installation disk into drive A:.

     Switch to a OS/2 window or full screen.

     Enter GTINST A:

     Click on Install

     Click on Recreate Product Folder

     Follow any directions given by the installation program.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. What's New in Version 3.00 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Release 3.0 of the GammaTech Utilities has over 200 enhancements. Many of these
enhancements are in the form of added functionality and new features. Many
involve improved overall performance. In the list below you will read about the
more significant enhancements.

Message numbers have been added to most messages displayed to the customer.
These messages are fully documented in the printed documentation.

The log files of all utilities now display the utility name and version. The
format of the logs has been rearranged for better readability.

The I/O routines have been improved to add integrity and improve performance of
many utility functions.

Support has been added for HPFS version 2.3 and 2.4. This includes support for
HPFS volumes which exceed 2 gigabytes and the IBM LAN Server 4.0 HPFS386
enhancements.

Complete revisions have been made to the online documentation, printed
documentation and help information.

Enhancements to the product structure and installation procedures now allow for
electronic distribution of corrective service maintenance. This will allow
customers to have near immediate access to the latest maintenance revisions via
CompuServe, BBS's and other electronic means.

Analyze

The customer may now view a list of sectors which have been marked bad.

An option to automatically mark bad sectors as bad has been added. This option
is available if the volume can be locked at execution time.

Automatic updating of the HPFS checksum values, as appropriate, has been added.

Comprehensive analysis of sectors found bad is now performed. The ownership of
a bad sector is identified and reported including the type of sector and what
system area or file it belongs to.

DiskMap

This new utility has been provided to graphically display the layout of FAT or
HPFS volumes making it easy to identify bad areas and determine the amount of
fragmentation on the volume.

FatOpt

A graphic display of the optimization process is now displayed.

A display only option is now provided as well as trigger parameters which allow
optimization to proceed if fragmentation exceeds the specified level.

The customer may now specify that the "EA DATA. SF" file be, or not be,
defragmented.

Additional information about the volume and files is now displayed.

Files

The new Files utility is a replacement for the old Attribute, Delete and Find
utilities which provides easier file maintenance as well as provides
significantly improved functionality.

The main dialog provides extensive file selection criteria. You may select
files in most any imaginable way including comments, text, file size, file age
and attributes.

From the main dialog you may delete, move, copy, set timestamps, alter
attributes, or search for the specified files. If the search option is
selected, a list of the matching files is displayed.

From the file list, you may select and deselect one or more files and then
execute any of the functions above. From the file list you may also choose to
view or edit selected files. The editor and browser utilities are customer
configurable.

The delete function now provides an option to bypass the OS/2 Undelete
processing so as to not flush the OS/2 Undelete directory and to improve
performance with mass delete operations.

The Wipe Files function now has additional secure erase processing to better
ensure nonrecoverability of files.

GtDisk

The general text mode menu has been reworked for easier readability and use.
Where appropriate, option selections can be toggled and the entry fields are
easier to use.

Enhancements to the online help make it more informative and easier to use.

When appropriate, the checksums for HPFS volumes are automatically updated.

The BadSectr utility has been merged into the GtDisk utility. This provides
simplified recovery operations when it is not possible to boot OS/2. In
addition, sectors may also be unmarked allowing the customer to reverse bad
sector marking that may have been done in error.

The Backup Boot Sector function now allows for more comprehensive backup and
restore for HPFS volumes. In addition to the logical boot record, the boot
block, super block and spare blocks may now be selectively restored in order to
offer better recovery of corrupted HPFS volumes.

The HPFS Recovery has been extensively reworked to provide easier use and
additional recovery options. The remaining items in this section deal with the
enhanced HPFS Recovery function.

The prompt mode can be changed on the fly for faster recovery operations
requiring more or less manual intervention as desired.

Recovery of repartitioned disks has been greatly improved. Even if the new
partition does not correctly align with the old partition. In these cases, the
customer is also informed regarding the difference.

Significant performance improvements have been made during the analysis phase
of the recovery operation.

The F-Node option now allows specification of file F-Nodes as well as directory
F-Nodes. A new F-Node option has been provided which allows recovery of file
data even if the entire directory structure of the disk has become obliterated.

Recovery enhancements have been incorporated for the new HPFS386 driver
supplied with the IBM LAN Server 4.0 product.

Warnings are issued when residual data resides on the volume from a previous
format operation.

When possible, recovered files will have timestamps set to the values of the
original file.

Improved error recovery has been added to prevent utility failure on badly
corrupted volumes.

HexDump

HexDump is a new utility which allows you to convert binary files to ASCII
readable text. The text is then viewable and editable using any standard text
editor. You may examine the binary file in hex and ASCII formats.

The utility allows you to make changes to the hex or ASCII sections of the file
and convert it back to binary format.

HpfsOpt

The text mode HPFS Optimizer (HpfsOpt) has been made easier to use by
simplifying the optimization options.

Optimization algorithms have been rewritten to significantly enhance the
effectiveness of file defragmentation and performance has been greatly
improved.

This version fully supports the new HPFS 2.3 and 2.4 versions of the HPFS
drivers including full support for permission (ACL) assignments found on the
HPFS386 file systems supplied with the IBM LAN Server product.

Optimize

The Presentation Manager version of the HPFS Optimizer now provides features
which allow the customer to perform an analysis of the volume creating a list
of files for optimization. The customer may then select or deselect files from
the list and perform optimization on the desired files.

Optimization options have been simplified for easier use.

The progress of the optimization is now shown by displaying messages in the
main dialog window. The log file is still available for viewing and printing as
desired.

Files selected for optimization may now be selected by file size limits.

Optimization algorithms have been rewritten to significantly enhance the
effectiveness of file defragmentation and performance has been greatly
improved.

This version fully supports the new HPFS 2.3 and 2.4 versions of the HPFS
drivers including full support for permission (ACL) assignments found on the
HPFS386 file systems supplied with the IBM LAN Server product.

The option to perform continuous optimization on one or more drives has been
provided. The customer may select the volumes, trigger criteria and time
intervals at which optimization is to be performed.

Reboot

Additional options have been added to shutdown Presentation Manager
applications and request that they save their settings prior to reboot.

SEdit

The Sector Editor has been completely rewritten and moved from the GtDisk
utility to a utility of its own standing.

The editor now displays known file system structures, such as the HPFS Super
Block, in a formatted manner. Many of the HPFS and FAT file structures are
supported. In addition, a feature is provided to format any disk sector as if
it were one of the supported file system structures. And of course, you may
view any sector in its hex/ASCII format.

A partition table edit feature has been implemented.

A FAT table edit feature has been added.

A editor command has been added to compute and update the HPFS checksum values.

Multiple sectors may now be written to or read from external files.

Sentry

Automatic detection of offline repartitioning of drives has been added.

An option to automatically backup Config.Sys has been added.

The Sentry.Ini file has been eliminated. It now uses the standard OS/2 INI
files to save information.

SysInfo

The GammaTech SysInfo utility now displays serial (COM) and parallel I/O port
assignments.

SysInfo now displays the hardware IRQ assignments.

Undelete

When available, timestamps for deleted files on FAT volumes are now displayed.
In addition, when one of these files is undeleted, the undeleted file will have
the same timestamp as the original.

The OS/2 Undelete feature is now supported. The customer may now mix and match
the GammaTech Undelete with the OS/2 Undelete. When Undelete is executed
against a volume where the OS/2 Undelete feature is enabled, the customer is
given the choice of undeleting from the OS/2 Undelete directory or by using the
GammaTech undelete procedure.

The list of deleted files now shows the best guess for the path from which the
deleted file belonged.

Significant performance improvements have been made in the analysis of HPFS
volumes.

Significant performance improvements have been made undeleting files from FAT
volumes.

Logic has been added to enhance recovery of erased files allowing recovery of
files which were not recoverable in previous versions.

WipeFree

WipeFree is a new command line utility to clear freespace on a disk volume. It
replaces a similar feature in the old Delete utility. This version provides
complete wiping of all freespace on a FAT or HPFS volume. As an option, a
secure wipe can be performed which meets Department of Defense specifications.

Besides security issues, the WipeFree utility allows the customer to erase
freespace on volumes which have been "fast formatted" . Fast formatted volumes
retain data from previous formats of the volume which complicates recovery
operations.

Summary

With the release of version 3.0 of the GammaTech Utilities, we believe we are
providing the most comprehensive, state of the art package of system and file
system maintenance utilities available today. The extensive enhancements
provided are an indication to our support of you, our customers, and the OS/2
market place. We look forward to continuing our relationship with future
enhancements and OS/2 related products in keeping with our service commitment
to you.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Maintenece Mode Boot Disks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Boot diskettes for maintenence mode may be created by making copies of the OS/2
Installation diskette and OS/2 diskette 1. You may also create them using the
"Create Utility Diskettes" feature found in the "System Setup" folder. If you
choose this option, you must also copy the following files to your working
diskette from the \OS2\DLL directory on the boot drive:

VIOCALLS.DLL and NLS.DLL

These DLL's are required but not copied by the "Create Utility Diskettes"
feature.

Boot normally with the Installation diskette and when OS/2 prompts you, press
ESC to obtain the OS/2 command line prompt. Then remove the OS/2 diskette from
the floppy drive and insert the GammaTech Utilities installation disk. You will
then have access to the GTDisk and FileJoin utilities to perform recovery
operations.

To run other GammaTech text based utilities such as FatOpt, simply copy them to
a diskette for use in maintenence mode.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Backup and Recovery Considerations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Regardless of the file system type you are running, the best recovery procedure
involves having a sound backup procedure which is consistently followed.  There
are several backup programs available.

With the increasing capacity of hard disks today, it is becoming impractical to
back up entire hard disks to floppy disks on a frequent basis.  Tape backup
units are the best choice available, but they are expensive.  For many, floppy
disk backup may be the only choice available.

Most backup utilities have the capability to do full, differential, or
incremental backups.  This allows a user to do full backups at perhaps, monthly
intervals and backup only the files which have changed since either the last
full backup (differential) or the last incremental backup.  This clearly saves
time and floppy disks while maintaining current backup copies of the hard disk.

Nonetheless, those times occur when a file is accidentally deleted and a
current backup copy is not available.  Up to now, HPFS format volumes were most
unforgiving when this happened.  The GammaTech Utilities provide a means which
can, in many cases, recover deleted files provided that you initiate the
recovery before the space occupied by the file is reused.

It is important that you begin the recovery procedure as soon as you discover
that the file has been deleted.  It is also important that you do not write new
data to the volume where the file previously resided until the recovery process
has been completed.

Hopefully when you find yourself in this situation, the GammaTech Utilities
have already been installed on your hard disk.  If not, you may execute the
UnDelete function of the GTDISK utility from the installation floppy disk.  To
do this, place the installation disk into your A: drive and type A:GTDISK


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. HPFS and Optimization ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The High Performance File System (HPFS) is a very efficient file system format
for OS/2 users.  The improved directory structure and intelligent use of disk
space makes it the best choice for those seeking the greatest performance from
their OS/2 system.

One of the biggest performance problems with any file system is fragmentation
of file data.  This means that data for a file is broken into multiple chunks
and placed in separate places on the disk volume.  This causes head movement on
the disk to access the data, which takes time.  The end result is lost
performance.

OS/2 application software developers have the capability to tell OS/2 how large
a file will be when the file is created. This can be a dilemma at times because
the size is not always known.  If the size is under-estimated, it frequently
will cause the file to be fragmented.

Another problem for developers occurs when a file is to be extended by adding
data to it (normally referred to as appending data).  The developer can
over-commit the file size in which case OS/2 will reserve space for the data to
be appended at a later time.  This results in unused space on your disk volume
which cannot be used by other files. The alternative option is not to
over-commit with the likely result being a fragmented file.  The efficient
nature of HPFS greatly minimizes fragmentation of files.  With the tuning
options set at their optimum values, the effect of fragmented files also is
greatly reduced.  Nonetheless, some frequently used files can become fragmented
to the extent that performance is lost.

Through customer feedback GammaTech has identified certain system
configurations which have greater fragmentation than others. Those which
generally need optimization are high use server volumes, systems where many
small files are frequently created and deleted such as BBS systems, and those
systems which run DOS and Windows (tm) programs. Some high level language
development systems also tend to generate fragmented files.

The HPFS Optimizer included with the GammaTech Utilities will analyze your HPFS
volume and identify files with excessive extents. Normally this is any normal
file with more than 3 extents. Those files selected are then defragmented until
they consist of 3 or less extents.  These parameters may be adjusted by the
user if greater or lesser degrees of optimization are required.

It is recommended that you allow the optimizer to take the default parameters
specified above unless you have special needs. With a reasonable cache
installed, it is unlikely that performance will be affected with files up to 3
extents. Forcing files to be defragmented to one extent may result in
fragmentation of freespace on the volume which will increase the probability
that new files will be fragmented when they are created.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. PM/WPS Utilities ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Several utility functions are provided through a Presentation Manager GUI
interface which was developed for the Workplace Shell environment of OS/2. A
folder was added to your WPS desktop at installation time. To execute the PM
based utilities, select the GammaTech folder from your desktop and then select
the icon for the utility you would like to run.  Each utility has online help
available.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.1. Analyze Disk Volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Analyze utility may be used to display information about and test media of
your disk volumes.

The Info function displays information about your disk volumes. Besides
physical and logical information, Analyze also provides information regarding
bad sectors and the Hot Fix area on HPFS volumes.

If sectors have been marked bad, a View button will become visible allowing you
to examine the list of bad sectors.

The Test function provides media testing for the selected logical volume. Each
sector on the volume is analyzed for errors. Missing or otherwise bad sectors
are reported. Analyze will test volumes with "unknown" formats by analyzing the
sectors sequentially. This option can be forced for HPFS or FAT volumes by
checking the "Ignore Format" option box.

Detailed information regarding errors is recorded to the log. This log is
created for you automatically and can be saved or printed from the View Log
window.

If the Flag Bad Sectors check box is selected, sectors with errors are
automatically marked as bad and removed from further use, providing that the
volume being analyzed can be locked. If the volume cannot be locked, the list
of bad sectors is reported but they are not automatically marked bad. You may
then use the GtDisk utility to mark the sectors bad "offline" to prevent them
from being used.

HPFS or FAT volumes are analyzed in accordance with their file system
structures allowing the ownership or use of a error sector to be determined.

Sectors found in error may be further analyzed using the Sector editor provided
with the GammaTech Utilities. The Sector Editor may be useful in reconstructing
corrupted or damaged disk sectors.

The most common errors are "Sector Not Found" and "CRC Error". The "Sector Not
Found" error generally indicates that the sector was found to be bad when the
disk was low level formatted and was therefore not formatted. This error can
usually be ignored as it presents no danger. The "CRC Error" indicates that the
media at the sector location is bad. If this sector contained useful data the
data probably is lost. You can attempt to read the sector using the Sector
Editor and if successful, rewrite it to the same sector or record it to a file.
Rewriting to the same sector will usually correct the problem, at least for a
while.

Program priority can be set to either normal or idle class.  Operating at idle
priority will cause disk test procedures to have a minimum impact on other
executing programs.  If other programs are consuming all available processor
time however, using idle class may keep the analyze function from completing.
Changes to the priority settings take effect immediately.

While the analysis program is executing, status messages are displayed on
screen and an indicator bar is updated to reflect progress.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.2. DiskMap ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The DiskMap utility will display the logical layout of a FAT or HPFS volume in
graphical terms. The various area types are color coded to provide an easy
pictorial view of fragmentation, system areas and bad sectors on the disk
volume.

The types of space displayed are system areas, file data areas, free space and
bad sectors.

In addition, general volume information for the drive can be displayed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.3. Files Utility ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Files utility provides the ability to perform various maintenance
operations on groups of files on one or more volumes. The files to be operated
upon may be selected by a wide range of selection criteria.

Operations which can be performed on located files consists of:

         Deleting Files

         Secure Wiping of Files

         Alteration of Standard Attributes

         Alteration of Time Stamps

         Moving Files

         Copying Files

         Browsing Files

         Editing Files

 Files to be operated on may be selected using any combination of the following
 criteria:

         Volume(s) on which the Files Reside

         Path

         File Name (including wild card characters)

         Text Within File Comments

         Text Within the File

         File Size

         File Time Stamps

         Standard File Attributes

 Most of the operations may be performed immediately from the main dialog. To
 operate in this manner, enter the desired selection criteria and then press
 the desired operation push button.

 The customer may also perform a search for the files before selecting an
 action on the files. To operate in this manner, enter the desired selection
 criteria and press the Search push button. The selected volumes are then
 searched for all files meeting the search criteria and then a list of files
 meeting the search criteria is displayed.

 The customer may then select and deselect files from the list and then press
 the desired action push button to execute against only those files which are
 selected.

 Program priority can be set to either normal or idle class. Operating at idle
 priority will cause the operation to have a minimum impact on other executing
 programs.  If other programs are consuming all available processor time
 however, using idle class may keep the operation from completing. Changes to
 the priority settings take effect immediately.

 Information about the various operations performed is recorded to a online
 log. The log is displayed by selecting the "View Log" push button. From the
 log window, you can save or print the log.

 The Files utility will locate files on one or more volumes. You may specify
 the volumes, path, and filespec of files to be located. Subdirectory trees may
 be included or not included.

 The file search may be limited to those files which contain a text pattern
 within their data or text patterns within their comments.

 Searching for files based on text or comment patterns will require much more
 time than searches without this criteria. You should limit the search as much
 as possible using the path and filespec options when specifying comment or
 text patterns in order to complete the search in minimum time.

 Files may be selected based on file size. Radio buttons provide selection of
 files greater than, equal to, or less than a certain file size. This option
 may be used to locate zero length files. That is, only those files which
 contain no data will be selected. If no file size is entered, searching will
 not be limited by file size.

 Files may be selected based on the date/time of the file. Radio buttons allow
 the selection of which date (created, modified, or accessed) and whether to
 select the file based on the file date being greater than, greater than or
 equal to, equal to, less than or equal to, or less than the entered date and
 time. If the time field is left blank it is assumed to be 00:00 AM. You may
 not enter a time and leave the date blank.

 NOTE:  FAT volumes do not support created or last accessed timestamps. With
 this in mind, you should be aware that operations performed on FAT volumes
 using create or last accessed timestamps will be performed as if the last
 modified timestamp was used.

 The browser and editor may be set to use third party utilities in accordance
 with the customers desires. They default to the E Editor provided with OS/2.
 Press the Options push button to configure the editor and browser utilities.

 When setting timestamps, the date/time value for an HPFS file can be set equal
 to one of the other date/time values for the same file by specification of the
 source date/time value in the date entry field. To use this option you must
 enter a character value in the date entry field as follows: A - Source is the
 Accessed timestamp; M - Source is the Modified timestamp; C - Source is the
 Created timestamp.  For example, if you wished to set the Modified timestamp
 equal to the Accessed timestamp you would enter an A in the date field and
 check the Modified check box.

 The Delete operation provides the capability to mass erase selected files on
 one or more volumes. In addition, file data may be overwritten to obliterate
 sensitive data and to make file recovery impossible. An option is provided to
 obliterate data in compliance with Department of Defense specifications.

 The "wipe files" check box on the Delete dialog provides the capability to
 overwrite file data prior to erasing the file. This option ensures that the
 data for the file cannot be recovered and is useful for obliterating security
 sensitive information. All of the files allocated space is overwritten, not
 just the space used. The "wipe" option bypasses the OS/2 disk cache therefore
 ensuring that the data obliteration actually takes place.

 Normally the file is overwritten one time with binary zeroes. If the "U.S.
 Government" option is selected, the obliteration procedure will meet
 Department of Defense specifications which require that the file be
 overwritten with four passes of zeros followed by ones, one pass writing a
 random value, and verification of the last write.

 The repeat count will repeat the entire procedure as many times as requested.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.4. Optimize HPFS Volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Optimize HPFS function performs optimization on one or more HPFS volumes by
defragmenting files. A dialog is presented for selection of optimization
options.

When the optimizer is started using the Analyze push button, all files on the
volume(s) are checked for fragmentation. After this analysis operation, the
user may select the "View Files" push button and de-select any files that are
not to be optimized, and continue with the optimization of those files by
pressing the Optimize push button.

If all files are to be optimized you may simply press the Optimize push button
instead of the Analyze push button. In this case, the analysis operation will
execute followed by the optimization operation without customer intervention.

A fragmented file contains more than one contiguous block of data. Each of
these blocks is called an extent. The HPFS Optimizer analyzes the files on your
HPFS volume to determine the number of extents each file contains. When a file
is identified which contains excessive extents, it is selected for optimizing.

Normally, the HPFS Optimizer will defragment those files which contain more
than 3 extents. You may override this threshold at execution time by specifying
the number of extents you wish to use as a threshold.  For instance if you
specify 5 the optimizer will optimize files containing more than 5 extents.  It
is recommended that you allow this option to default to 3.

Forcing files to be defragmented to one extent may result in fragmentation of
freespace on the volume which will increase the probability that new files will
be fragmented when they are created.

You may also select files to be optimized by limiting the search to those files
which meet size criteria.

The HPFS Optimizer may be safely executed while other processes are executing
on your OS/2 system, even if the other processes update the same HPFS volume.
Files which are in use, however, will not be defragmented.  Once optimization
has begun, you may terminate the operation by selecting "Cancel" from the
"Options" menu item.  Care should be taken not to otherwise terminate the
optimizer by other means.

The HPFS Optimizer will not attempt to defragment any file which has an
attribute of READ ONLY, HIDDEN, or SYSTEM. If you wish to have the optimizer
operate on a file with these attributes you must change the file's attribute
before executing the optimizer.  You may do this using the GammaTech Files
Utility.

The ARCHIVED file attribute is often used to tell your backup software which
files have changed since the last backup. To avoid interfering with the
efficient use of your backup software, the HPFS Optimizer leaves the ARCHIVED
attribute set to the same value as that of the original fragmented file.

The Options push button provides the ability to perform continuous optimization
of one or more HPFS volumes by checking the appropriate option and selecting
the desired time interval. In addition, you may check the Start Minimized check
box on the Options dialog to cause the Optimizer to start in the minimized
state.

If you choose the Continuous Timed Defrag option, you must leave the optimizer
running. Simply minimize it instead of shutting it down. OS/2 will
automatically restart the optimizer after each reboot. Alternatively you may
create a shadow of the Optimize icon and place it in your startup folder.

For the optimizer to run properly there must be free space available on the
HPFS volume. A full or near full volume will prevent the optimizer from running
effectively. For maximum performance, there should be at least 512,000 bytes
plus the length of the largest file selected for optimization. If your volume
does not meet this criteria, you may wish to offload some of the files to
another volume before running the optimizer.

Program priority can be set to either normal or idle class.  Operating at idle
priority will cause the HPFS optimizer to have a minimum impact on other
executing programs.  If other programs are consuming all available processor
time however, using idle class may keep the function from completing.  Changes
to the priority settings take effect immediately.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.5. Sentry ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Sentry utility provides the ability to monitor your boot sectors for
inadvertent alteration. It also provides the ability to lock specified files
for read-only access or to block read and write access. It provides a level of
protection against virus programs as well as accidental modification or
deletion of critical files on your workstation.  Sentry also backs up critical
OS/2 files.

Sentry is presented using the notebook control. The first page allows setup of
the Boot Sector Monitor. From this page you can select which physical and/or
logical volumes you wish to monitor. Pressing the default button selects all
drives for monitoring. You may also set the interval at which the boot sectors
are checked for alteration.

When a boot sector is altered and the alteration is detected you will be
notified of the alteration via a pop-up dialog. From this dialog you may select
to ignore the alteration or restore the boot sector to its original value.

The second page of the notebook presents the File Lock feature. To add a file
to the list, press the ADD button. This will display another dialog where you
specify the complete drive, path, and file name of the file(s) to lock. Wild
cards are permitted in the file name. All files specified will be write
protected. If you wish these files to be read protected also, check the Read
Protect check box. To include subdirectories of the path, check the Include
Subdirectories check box.

To remove files from the list, select one or more files with the mouse. To
select a single file, click on it. To select a range of files click on the
first file and drag to the last file. Once the file(s) are selected, press or
click on the REMOVE button.

The DEFAULT button will automatically add certain OS/2 files which are critical
to workstation security. It is suggested that you press DEFAULT before
initially setting up your file list.

In order for Sentry to protect your system, it must remain executing. Once you
have started Sentry and set the values as desired, you must leave Sentry
running. To do this, click on the minimize control. OS/2 will restart Sentry
automatically on subsequent reboots. Alternatively you may create a shadow of
the Sentry icon and place it in your startup folder.

The startup and shutdown sequence for Sentry may take a few minutes as it
identifies files to be locked or unlocked.

Sentry can be used to back up critical OS/2 files.  Both the OS2 INI files
(OS2.INI and OS2SYS.INI) and the CONFIG.SYS file are backed up to a directory
you specify and at intervals you specify. In the event that these files are
deleted or become corrupted or damaged, they can be restored from the backup
copies maintained by sentry.

Sentry can back up files either every interval (in terms of days, hours, and
minutes, or it can back up after a specified time of day.  When Interval is
selected, the time of the most recent backup is checked against the current
time and the selected interval.  If the current time is greater than the last
backup time plus the interval, the backup is performed.  An alternative method
of backup is provided with the Time Of Day option.  With this selected, the
hours and minutes you enter are interpreted as the time of day when you'd like
the backup performed.  In this case, the time of the most recent backup is
compared against the current time.  If the backup has not been performed today,
and it's past the backup time, a backup is performed.

To keep your system files backed up, select a backup directory, select a backup
interval, and enable the backup feature.  Sentry can maintain from 1 to 99
generations of backup files but it defaults to three generations.

Sentry can be configured to backup the selected items every time you start the
program.  With this item selected, any of the options selected (Desktop, INI
files, CONFIG.SYS) will be immediately backed up each time you start the
program.  This is in addition to any other options selected.

For the Backup Desktop option to function properly if your OS/2 boot volume is
HPFS format, the backup directory must also be HPFS. If your boot volume is
FAT, the backup directory can be FAT or HPFS. Generally, floppy disk drives are
not suitable for automated backup.

To make it simple to keep the Sentry program in your list of auto-started
programs, there is an option to have the program start minimized.  To enable
this feature, simple select the "Start Minimized" check box on the Sentry
settings page.

Restoring from Sentry's Backup Files:

The copies of the system INI files, the Workplace Shell Desktop tree, and the
CONFIG.SYS file are essentially just copies of the originals. Since the INI
files and the Desktop directory tree are in use whenever the Workplace Shell is
running, they may be restored only after booting from floppy disk.  (The
CONFIG.SYS file may be restored at any time.)

To boot from floppy, insert the OS/2 Install diskette and start the system.
When prompted, insert OS/2 diskette 1.  At the next prompt, you are given the
alternatives of pressing Enter to continue or Escape to go to a command prompt.
Press Escape here to obtain the prompt.

Sentry maintains several generations (from 1 to 100) of backups of both the INI
files and the Desktop tree.  The most recent backup is number 00 and the oldest
is the highest number.  You can tell when the files were backed up by checking
the Modified date on the file (or directory in the case of the Desktop backup).

After you select which generation to restore from (we'll use 00 in the example
here) you need to copy the files from your backup directory back to your system
directories.

The backup INI files created by Sentry are called OS2.nn and OS2SYS.nn, where
nn is a generation number.  The most recent generation is always number 00.
The next youngest version is 01, and so on.

For Example If your boot drive is C:, to restore the INI files from the most
recent backup, you would simply copy the files from your backup directory to
your system directory (\OS2). Assuming a default installation on drive C: the
command to do this would be:

COPY C:\GTU30\BACKUP\OS2.00 C:\OS2\OS2.INI

COPY C:\GTU30\BACKUP\OS2SYS.00 C:\OS2\OS2SYS.INI

If you need to restore from a backup generation other than 00, simply
substitute the appropriate number.

To restore your Workplace Shell Desktop directory tree, you must boot from
floppy disk, rename the existing desktop directory tree and copy over the
backup version of the directory tree.

Under OS/2 2.1, the Workplace Shell Desktop directory is created as
"C:\Desktop" on both HPFS and FAT volumes.  Under OS/2 2.0, or on a 2.1 system
which originally had 2.0 installed, the Workplace Shell Directory name is
"C:\OS!2 2.0 Desktop" on an HPFS volume, or "C:\OS!2_2.0_D" on a FAT volume.
You can check the name of your directory be typing "DIR" in the root directory
of your boot volume or by selecting the File settings in the settings folder
for your Workplace Shell desktop.

The backup Desktop directories created by Sentry are called Backupnn where nn
is a generation number.  The most recent generation is always number 00.  The
next youngest version is 01, and so on.

Assuming that your boot volume is C:, that you backed up your desktop directory
tree to C:\GTU30\BACKUP, and that your Workplace Shell Desktop directory tree
is stored in C:\DESKTOP, you would restore your desktop directory in this way:

REN C:\DESKTOP DESKOLD

XCOPY C:\GTU30\BACKUP\BACKUP00\* C:\DESKTOP\* /S /E /V

With this operation, you are renaming the old desktop directory to avoid
problems with portions of the directory which may be corrupted and you are
copying back your backup copy of the directory tree.

If your desktop directory is different that the example, substitute it in place
of "C:\DESKTOP".  Likewise, if your backup copies are stored somewhere other
than C:\GTU30\BACKUP, substitute the appropriate directory name in its place.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6. SysInfo ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The SysInfo utility displays a window containing detailed information about
your workstation and OS/2 configuration. The text is divided into 3 groups as
follows:

General System Information displays information such as the maximum path
length, boot drive, performance and priority settings, memory values, etc.

The Hardware Information displays the number of attached printers, serial ports
and diskette drives; the PC model types and coprocessor presence; I/O port
assignments for attached COM and LPT devices; and IRQ status, address and
devices.

Note: To obtain IRQ and Port map information the /rm switch must be specified
in the Parameters section of the Settings dialog, or on the command line if
executed in that manner. Not all hardware configurations are compatible with
the OS/2 Resource Manager. If traps or system lockups occur when using this
featue, discontinue using it.

The Presentation Manager Information deals with various video graphics values,
mouse settings, cursor and keyboard values. Most of these values are of
greatest interest to programmers but are interesting to the non-technical user
as well.

The System Information text may be saved to a file or printed using the pull
down menu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.7. UnDelete ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The UnDelete function performs file recovery for FAT or HPFS volumes. One or
many files may be selected for recovery at the same time.

The GammaTech UnDelete utility permits the customer to have one or more volumes
enabled for the OS/2 undelete feature. When it is detected that the OS/2
undelete feature is enabled for a volume, the customer is given the option to
undelete from the OS/2 DELETE directory, or use the normal GammaTech undelete
procedure. Normally when this option is given, the customer should choose to
undelete from the OS/2 DELETED directory.

The OS/2 undelete facility renames files to ambiguous numeric names. If you
have the OS/2 Undelete option enabled and choose to use the normal undelete
procedure instead of the OS/2 undelete option, you will have difficulty
identifying your files.

UnDelete scans the requested drive for ALL erased files which may be at least
partially recovered and then allows you to select those files you wish to
recover.

On HPFS volumes this search can run for some time depending on the number of
erased files and amount of freespace on the volume. A timeline is provided
during the analyze processing so that you may gauge the length of time the
analyze will require. You may continue to work on your OS/2 workstation while
the analysis is being performed, but you should take care not to write to the
volume where the erased file(s) reside.

The timeline is not displayed when analyzing a FAT volume or when the OS/2
Undelete feature is used. In these cases, the analysis is quite fast.

As deleted files are located on the volume, they are displayed in the dialog.
You may cancel the analysis at any time and undelete from the list as displayed
at the time of the cancel request.

The path displayed for the deleted files will not be reliable if the directory
structure of the volume has been altered since the file was deleted. Display of
incorrect information in the path field is not an error and in any event will
not effect the ability to recover the file.

After selecting the file(s) to be recovered, if any of the data for the deleted
file can be recovered, it will be written to a new output file. You will be
prompted for the name of the new file with a suggested path and file name. Even
if the complete file cannot be recovered, UnDelete will recover as much as
possible.

Since the UnDelete utility reads the deleted data at the same time it writes
the recovered file, it is a good idea to direct the new file to a different
volume than the one where the deleted file resides. This will prevent UnDelete
from accidentally writing over data belonging to the deleted file before it is
recovered. You may specify a floppy disk drive for the new file and then copy
the file back to the original volume after all deleted files are recovered. If
you have multiple hard disk volumes, you may use one of them. UnDelete will
tell you if you accidentally specify the same input and output volume. You may
override UnDelete at this time to force it to recover to the same volume but
the chance of a successful recovery is reduced. Note: This restriction does not
apply when using the OS/2 Undelete feature with the GammaTech UnDelete utility.

When recovering large files to floppy disk volumes you will be prompted to
change floppies when the diskette is full. After changing the diskette,
UnDelete will continue writing to the new diskette. In such cases you should
number each diskette. Each diskette will contain a fraction of the file data.
Once recovery has completed, you can rejoin the file fragments from the
multiple floppy diskettes using the GammaTech FileJoin utility.

Normally if the file data can be recovered, any extended attributes (EA's) that
belong to the file can also be recovered. However, it is not possible for
UnDelete to positively identify that the deleted file had EA's at the time it
was deleted. It can determine that the file had EA's at some time in its life.
UnDelete will always attempt recovery of any EA's as well. If the EA's cannot
be recovered for any reason, the file data will still be recovered to the
extent possible.

When undeleting FAT files or when using the OS/2 Undelete feature to undelete
files, the original timestamps of the files are restored also.

Unfortunately with HPFS, timestamps cannot be recovered. That information is
permanently lost. The timestamps are the time and date a file was created,
modified, and accessed.

Recovery of erased files on a server are less likely to be successful than on
stand alone workstations due to the volume of read/write activity from multiple
workstations.

LAN Server Users:  The UnDelete utility may be executed by users with ADMIN
access authority. Access Control information will be lost for the recovered
file. The administrator should reinstate any file permissions for the recovered
file after the file is recovered.  The administrator may also use the RESTACC
utility to restore file permissions. The RESTACC is supplied with your LAN
Server software.

Program priority can be set to either normal or idle class. Operating at idle
priority will cause the Undelete program to have a minimum impact on other
executing programs. If other programs are consuming all available processor
time however, using idle class may keep the function from completing.  Changes
to the priority settings take effect immediately.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. Command Line Utilities ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Several utility functions are provided as "command line" versions. In many
instances, it is easier and faster to operate from the OS/2 command line.

In addition, there are times when Presentation Manager or even OS/2 itself
cannot be initialized due to some error condition.  In such cases, the command
line versions can be useful in recovering data or correcting the problem.

In these cases you must boot in "maintenance" mode. This is accomplished by
booting OS/2 from the OS/2 installation floppy disk(s). When OS/2 prompts you,
press ESC to obtain a command line prompt. Then remove the OS/2 diskette from
the floppy drive and insert the GammaTech Utilities installation disk. You will
then have access to the GTDisk and FileJoin utilities to perform recovery
operations.

All of the command line utilities will produce a short syntax display when the
/? or -? switch is set.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1. Beep - The Beep Utility ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Beep in its simplest form will sound the speaker with a short beep. Options
allow you to specify the frequency and duration of one or more beeps. You may
also specify a file containing a list of frequency / duration pairs which will
play musical tunes.

Beep is a command line utility. It may be executed from an OS/2 command line
prompt, command files or the alarms productivity aid utility.

Command Syntax:

BEEP [-?] [freq,dur ...,...] [filename]

-? - Display syntax information only.

Freq - A frequency value in the range of 32 to 32767.

Dur - The duration of the sound in milliseconds (1000 = 1 Second).

If not specified, the frequency and duration default to 523,300.

If a filename is specified, the frequency and duration pairs are read from the
file and played. The music files may contain more than one freq,dur pair on a
line separated by spaces. The maximum length of any one line is 510 bytes.  Any
line beginning with an * is considered a comment line. You will find several
sample music files in the GTU30 directory. The sample music files have a file
extension of .MUS.

The following table lists musical note frequencies for several octaves:

C0    16     C1   33    C2    65    C3    131
C#0   17     C#1  35    C#2   69    C#3   139
D0    18     D1   37    D2    73    D3    147
D#0   19     D#1  39    D#2   78    D#3   156
E0    21     E1   41    E2    82    E3    165
F0    22     F1   44    F2    87    F3    175
F#0   23     F#1  46    F#2   93    F#3   185
G0    25     G1   49    G2    98    G3    196
G#0   26     G#1  52    G#2  104    G#3   208
A0    28     A1   55    A2   110    A3    220
A#0   29     A#1  58    A#2  117    A#3   233
B0    31     B1   62    B2   123    B3    247

C4   262     C5  523    C6  1046    C7   2093
C#4  277     C#5 554    C#6 1109    C#7  2217
D4   294     D5  587    D6  1175    D7   2349
D#4  311     D#5 622    D#6 1245    D#7  2489
E4   330     E5  659    E6  1329    E7   2637
F4   349     F5  698    F6  1397    F7   2794
F#4  370     F#5 740    F#6 1480    F#7  2960
G4   392     G5  784    G6  1568    G7   3136
G#4  415     G#5 831    G#6 1662    G#7  3322
A4   440     A5  880    A6  1760    A7   3520
A#4  466     A#5 932    A#6 1865    A#7  3729
B4   494     B5  988    B6  1976    B7   3951
                                    C8   4186


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2. DelTree - Delete Tree ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

DelTree will remove an entire directory tree and all files in that tree. This
command should be used with great caution.

Command Syntax:

DELTREE [-?] [-n] [drive:]directory

The -? option displays syntax information.

The -n option causes the "Are you sure?" prompt which is normally performed to
be bypassed.

DelTree will remove files and directories which have attributes of SYSTEM,
READ-ONLY and HIDDEN. It will not remove files and directories which are
opened, in use by another process, or in the case of a directory, the default
directory of any process.

In cases where not all files and directories can be erased, as many files and
directories which can be erased will be erased.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.3. FATOpt - Optimize FAT Volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The GammaTech FAT Optimizer analyzes a FAT volume and reorganizes the files to
eliminate file fragmentation.

A fragmented file contains more than one contiguous block of data. On a FAT
(File Allocation Table) volume, the smallest unit of disk space is a cluster.
A cluster consists of one or more sectors and each sector is typically 512
bytes.  Clusters on hard disks typically contain from 4 to 16 sectors, making
them 2048 to 8192 bytes in length.

Command Syntax:

FATOPT [-?] [drive:] [-u] [-m]

     -c <xx> Optimize only if <xx>% fragmented

     -d    Prompt Before Optimizing

     -e    Don't optimize "EA DATA. SF"

     -m    Use Monochrome Mode

     -n <xx> Optimize only if <xx> files fragmented

     -p filename  Specify report file name

     -r    Skip read verify operation

     -u    Unattended mode

 -?        Display syntax.

 drive:    The drive letter followed by a colon of the FAT volume to be
           optimized (i.e.  C:).  If drive: is not specified FATOPT will prompt
           for it.

 -c <xx>   Use this option to optimize the disk only if the total number of
           fragmented files exceeds <xx> percent.  This is an especially useful
           function if used in unattended mode (see the -u switch) as a part of
           a daily maintenance procedure.  Also see the -n <xx> switch.

 -d        With this option set, FATOPT will pause after displaying the disk
           layout and before optimizing the drive.  You will be prompted to
           continue.

 -e        With this option set, FATOPT will NOT optimize the extended
           attribute file EA DATA. SF.  The default behavior includes
           optimizing the EA DATA. SF file along with all the other files on
           the disk.

 -m        Selects monochrome mode for customers with monochrome monitors.

 -n <xx>   Use this option to optimize the disk only if the total number of
           fragmented files exceeds <xx>.  This is an especially useful
           function if used in unattended mode (see the -u switch) as a part of
           a daily maintenance procedure.  Also see the -c <xx> switch.

 -p filespec FATOPT will write a report to a standard text file with
           information about the optimization operation.  You may examine this
           file after optimizing to see the status of the optimization.

 -r        Setting this option tells the optimizer to skip the "read back after
           write verify" function.  This will greatly improve the speed of the
           program while sacrificing an important data integrity feature.  You
           should use this feature only if you are certain that your hard drive
           has no data integrity problems and execution speed is important to
           you.

 -u        Run in unattended mode.  Normally FATOPT waits for a keystroke
           before terminating to give you time to examine the program output.
           This switch will cause termination immediately without user input.
           This option is useful when running off hours or as a background
           task.

 Warning: It is strongly recommended that you make a current backup of the
 volume and  run CHKDSK before executing this utility to ensure that you have a
 "clean" volume to begin with and adequate recovery is available.

 If no options are supplied when starting the FAT optimizer, you will be
 prompted for the applicable values.

 The FAT Optimizer must be able to obtain exclusive access to the drive being
 optimized.  No other programs may be running with open files on the drive,
 including executable files.  This excludes the possibility of optimizing the
 OS/2 boot volume since files are always open.  To optimize an OS/2 boot
 volume, you must boot your workstation from a floppy.

 If the FatOpt executable file (FATOPT.EXE) resides on the drive to be
 optimized, you must copy it to another volume or to a floppy diskette and
 execute it from there.

 Once optimization has begun, you may terminate the operation by pressing ESC.
 Care should be taken not to otherwise terminate the optimizer such as via
 Ctrl-C, Ctrl-Break, or the Workplace Shell.

 The FAT Optimizer will not attempt to defragment any file which has an
 attribute of READ ONLY, HIDDEN, or SYSTEM (with the exception of the "EA DATA.
 SF" file). If you wish the optimizer to operate on a file with these
 attributes you must change the file's attribute before executing the
 optimizer. You may do this using the GammaTech Files utility.

 Example: FATOPT d: -p report.dat

 This example will optimize the FAT D: volume. A report is written to the file
 "report.dat".

 For the optimizer to run properly there must be free space available on the
 volume. A full or near full volume will prevent the optimizer from running
 effectively. For maximum performance, there should be at least 512,000 bytes
 free.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.4. FATSort - Sort FAT Directories ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The FAT Sort utility will permanently sort one or more subdirectories on a FAT
volume.

Usage:   FATSORT drive:directory [-n] [-s] [-x] [-d] [-b]

 drive:directory The drive letter followed by a colon of the FAT volume to be
           optimized (i.e.  C:).  drive: is required.  If a relative directory
           name is provided, sorting will start with that directory.

 -s Sort Subdirectories. If the -s option is provided, FATOPT will sort
           subdirectories.

 -n Sort by File Name. If the -n option is provided, FATOPT will sort the files
           by file name (DEFAULT).

 -x Sort by File Extension. If the -x option is provided, FATOPT will sort the
           files by file extension.

 -d Sort by File Date/Time. If the -d option is provided, FATOPT will sort the
           files by the date/time stamp.

 -b Sort by File Size. If the -b option is provided, FATOPT will sort the files
           by file size.

           Note: Appending "-" to -n, -x, -d, or -b sorts in descending order
           (i.e. "-n-").

 The FAT Optimizer always places directory entries ahead of file entries. i.e.
 FATSORT D: -b- would sort the largest file first.

 Warning: It is strongly recommended that you make a current backup of the
 volume and  run CHKDSK before executing this utility to ensure that you have a
 "clean" volume to begin with and adequate recovery is available.

 The FatSort utility must be able to obtain exclusive access to the drive being
 sorted. No other programs may be running with open files on the drive
 including executable files. If the drive to be sorted is the OS/2 boot drive
 you must boot OS/2 from floppy disk to sort the directories on it.

 If the FatSort executable file (FATSORT.EXE) resides on the drive to be
 sorted, you must copy it to another volume or to a floppy diskette and execute
 it from there.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.5. FileJoin - Join Multi-Floppy Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Some of the GammaTech Utilities allow a large file to be recovered to
multi-volume floppy disks. In other words, a large file may span more than one
floppy diskette volume. The FileJoin utility provides a method of rejoining
those diskette volumes into one contiguous file on a hard disk volume.

Command Syntax:

FILEJOIN [-?] infile outfile

-? - Display syntax information.

infile - The input drive and file name. The drive specified must be a floppy
disk drive (A: or B:).

outfile - The output drive, path and file name. This volume must not be a
floppy disk drive and must specify drive C: or higher.

Example: FILEJOIN A:\MYFILE.DAT C:\FILES\MYFILE.DAT

The FileJoin utility will ask for each diskette in order and create a new
single volume file on the target drive. When the last diskette has been read,
the user presses the F3 key to complete the file join procedure.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.6. FileRec - Recover Damaged File ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In the event an existing file is discovered to contain a bad sector most
applications and utilities will abort when reading the file and the bad sector
is encountered. FileRec is a recovery utility which will copy the file
replacing bad sectors with a value specified by the user. The data in the bad
sector is lost, but the space is reserved and the user may be able to
reconstruct those sectors manually.

Command Syntax:

FILEREC [/?] [/hh] infile outfile

/? - Display syntax information.

/hh - Specifies the hexadecimal value to be used to replace bad sectors. If no
value is specified a value of /20 is used which is equivalent to a space.

infile - The input file which contains bad sectors.

outfile - The output file name of the reconstructed file.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.7. GTDisk - Disk Utility ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The GTDisk utility provides several utility functions in a text mode shell to
allow you to perform recovery operations when Presentation Manager is not
available for use.

To start GTDisk from Presentation Manager, simply double click on the icon in
the GammaTech folder. To execute it from a command prompt, type GTDisk at the
prompt. If you have booted from floppy disk, place the GammaTech Installation
disk into drive A: and enter A:GTDisk at the command prompt.

GTDisk will present a display of the utilities available for use. Several of
these utilities write to the disk to perform the recovery operation. In order
to do this safely under OS/2 the disk volume must be locked to prevent other
processes from updating it at the same time. In order to lock the volume, no
other process can be using it at the time. This requires that all applications
and windows using the volume be closed. In the case of the boot volume, there
will always be open files on the volume. In order to update those volumes you
must boot from the OS/2 floppy disks.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.7.1. Mark / Unmark Bad Sectors ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Use the Mark Bad Sectors feature to mark sectors on your FAT or HPFS volume
unusable by OS/2. You may also reverse the operation with the Unmark feature.

Supply the drive letter of the volume to be operated on, then fill in the
starting and ending sectors to be marked or unmarked. Press F2 to mark sectors
as bad or press F3 to unmark the sectors and return them to a usable status.

The first sector in the range must be a free (unused) sector if you are marking
sectors bad. Subsequent sectors in the range will be skipped if they are not
eligible to be marked bad.

If you are unmarking a range of sectors, the 1st sector must be marked bad.
Subsequent sectors will be skipped if they are not already marked bad.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.7.2. Undelete Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Undelete function allows you to recover files which have been accidentally
deleted from a HPFS or FAT volume. Files are written to a different disk than
that where the deleted file resides.

When initially activated you are prompted for the drive letter of the volume
where the deleted file(s) reside. Once entered, the volume is searched for
erased files. If the volume is HPFS this analysis may take several minutes
depending on the amount of freespace on the volume.

Once the analysis has completed you will be presented with each erased file,
one at a time, for recovery. This is a compact version of Undelete. The PM
version has several additional features which simplifies and speeds the
recovery process.

Later versions of the HPFS (version 2.3 and up) support a fast format feature
by default. This feature of the Format command does not overwrite the entire
volume as did previous versions (although you may choose to do this as an
option). The fast format feature only writes the required format information to
the volume which significantly speeds up the format procedure. What this means
in a recovery situation is that some data structures on the volume may be left
over from a previous format. In other words, it contains old data. When a fast
formatted volume is detected, a warning message is provided to notify you that
the volume has been fast formatted. Recovery will proceed but you should be
aware that some of the recovered data may be from the previous format.

If you wish to alleviate the problems of a fast formatted volume in a recovery
situation you may either choose not to perform a fast format when you format
the volume, or you may use the WipeFree utility to overwrite the freespace on
the volume which will in effect erase any data remaining from a previous
format. This of course must be done in advance of the failure.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.7.3. Dirty - Set dirty flag ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The dirty flag tells OS/2 that the volume may need clean up action taken in
order to ensure data integrity. OS/2 will prevent use of the volume until clean
up has occurred. This is normally accomplished by either the AUTOCHECK feature
or by manually running CHKDSK on the volume.

The Dirty utility will set the "dirty" flag for HPFS or FAT volumes. This would
be used as a LAST DITCH effort to recover files from a corrupted volume. You
should be prepared to lose all data on the volume when you set the dirty flag
off for that volume in the event that the file system is damaged beyond repair.

This command should be used with great caution.

When initialized you will be asked for the drive letter for the drive you wish
to alter. Once entered, the current dirty flag setting is displayed and options
are given to allow you to alter the dirty flag setting. Once the dirty flag is
set off, you should reboot the system to gain access to the drive.

The HPFS386 drivers also check a checksum value to determine if a chkdsk should
be run against the drive. When setting the dirty flag off for HPFS volumes, the
checksum is set to a stable state so that autocheck will not be required.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.7.4. Recover HPFS Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The HPFS Recovery function is used to recover files from a damaged HPFS volume.
Normally, low sector corruption of an HPFS volume will result in total data
loss for the volume. This function locates files on the HPFS volume without the
need to access the low sector structures allowing recovery of most files on the
volume.

The HPFS Recovery menu asks for the volume to be recovered and the target
volume and path for recovered files. A value of * placed in the Target Path
field indicates that you wish to recreate the entire directory structure of the
damaged volume on the target volume. Directories which do not already exist on
the target volume will be created.

On the menu you may also specify the Prompt Mode for the recovery operation. A
value of FILES indicates that you wish to be asked about every file as to
whether to recover it or not. A value of DIR indicates you wish to be asked
about entire directories and their subdirectories only. A value of AUTO will
attempt to recover all files and directories without prompting you. You may
alter the Prompt Mode selection by typing the first letter of the choice
(f,d,a) or by pressing the Space Bar to cycle through the choices.

The Prompt Mode may also be altered during the recovery operation by selecting
the desired choice when being prompted for action.

The Specific F-Node field indicates that you wish to bypass the initial
analysis of the volume and provide the hexadecimal sector number of the root
directory F-Node or the F-Node address of some other directory or file for
recovery. Normally you should not specify a Specific F-Node and allow the
analysis of the volume to take place. Analysis can take a few minutes and
generally will allow recovery of most, if not all, data on the volume.

Each file and directory on an HPFS volume has a F-Node. You can search your
disk for F-Nodes using a sector editor and searching for the hex string
AE0AE4F7 in the 1st 4 bytes of each sector.

When a file F-Node is specified in the Specific F-Node field, only that file
will be recovered. In addition, no attempt will be made to access the directory
information for the file. This allows recovery of files with damaged directory
information but the time stamps for the file will not be recovered. The
recovered file will have timestamps reflecting the current date and time.

When a directory F-Node is specified in the Specific F-Node field, only the
files of that directory and its subdirectories are recovered. You may think of
this option as using the specified directory as if it were the root directory
for the volume.

Once the above information has been supplied, you may start the recovery
operation by choosing one of two recovery choices.

The Start File Recovery option begins the analysis of the volume provided a
Specific F-Node was not specified. This analysis may take a few minutes
depending on the size of the volume. A progress indicator is displayed to
indicate the maximum duration of the analysis. Often times the analysis will
complete sooner than indicated if certain disk structures can be located
relatively quickly.

When the Analysis has completed, if required, file recovery will begin. You
will be prompted for the recovery of each file and/or directory if you have so
chosen using the Prompt Mode setting. Note that at each prompt, you may alter
the Prompt Mode setting to better accommodate the recovery process and your
personal choice.

The Start F-Node Recovery option is a lower level type of recovery choice which
does not depend on the directory structures being intact. Instead, the volume
is searched front to back looking for file F-Nodes to recover. You will be
prompted for recovery of each file located. The Prompt Mode is ignored for this
option. Note that since this option ignores the directory information, the
timestamps for the files will not be recovered and the timestamp for the
recovered files will be set to the current date and time.

If a Specific F-Node is specified or if the Start F-Node Recovery option is
selected, the volume to be recovered must be partitioned to its original
starting point and size on the volume because no volume analysis is performed
and calibration of sector 0 has not been performed.

If the analysis detects that the volume has been repartitioned to a starting
point other than the original volume. It will tell you how far off it believes
the start of the partition is from where it should be. This offset is given in
sectors. Based on this information, if you believe that you have repartitioned
the volume in error, repartitioning it properly may aid in recovering more data
from the volume.

Later versions of the HPFS (version 2.3 and up) support a fast format feature
by default. This feature of the Format command does not overwrite the entire
volume as did previous versions (although you may choose to do this as an
option). The fast format feature only writes the required format information to
the volume which significantly speeds up the format procedure. What this means
in a recovery situation is that some data structures on the volume may be left
over from a previous format. In other words, it contains old data. When a fast
formatted volume is detected, a warning message is provided to notify you that
the volume has been fast formatted. Recovery will proceed but you should be
aware that some of the recovered data may be from the previous format.

If you wish to alleviate the problems of a fast formatted volume in a recovery
situation you may either choose not to perform a fast format when you format
the volume, or you may use the WipeFree utility to overwrite the freespace on
the volume which will in effect erase any data remaining from a previous
format. This of course must be done in advance of the failure.

If recovery is directed to a floppy disk and a file is to be recovered which is
too large to fit on the floppy disk, you will be prompted to skip the file or
to utilize multi-volume floppy output for the file. Multi-volume floppy output
requires that you have a supply of formatted blank diskettes. The multi-volume
floppy file can be restored to a hard disk at a later time using the FileJoin
utility provided in this package.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.7.5. Partition Fixup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When a partition is deleted and redefined using FDISK, the logical boot record
for that partition is destroyed. This leaves the volume in an "unformatted"
state although the format is still good and the data on the volume is intact.

The Partition Fixup function will recreate a usable logical boot sector on
partitions which have been deleted and redefined with FDISK. The partition must
be redefined to its original dimensions prior to the fixup operation.

The Boot Sector Restore function is a safer choice for recovery of boot sectors
provided that you have previously backed up your boot sectors with the Backup
Boot Sector function.

Warning: Do not format the volume after redefining the partition. Formatting a
volume will result in complete and unrecoverable loss of all data on the
volume.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.7.6. Boot Sector Backup / Restore ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Boot Sector Backup function provides the ability to backup the boot sectors
of all physical and logical disks. The Boot Sector Restore feature provides the
ability to restore selected boot sectors if they should become corrupted by
some means.

Besides backing up the logical boot sectors, additional information is save for
HPFS volumes such as the Boot Block, The Super Block and the Spare Block.

The backup function will ask for a target volume and path to write the backup
file (gtdisk.sec). It is suggested that the target volume be a floppy diskette.
The backup file may not be accessible if you choose a hard disk volume and that
volume itself becomes corrupted.

The restore operation allows you to restore the boot sector of the selected
volume provided it has been previously backed up. I the volume to be restored
was a HPFS volume you may selectively restore the Logical Boot sector, the Boot
Block, the Super Block, the Spare Block, or all of the above.

Logical drives on which you wish to restore a previously saved boot sector must
be defined according to their original location and size on the disk prior to
restoring the boot sector.

Warning:  Restoring boot sectors to volumes from which they did not come, or
which have been repartitioned to different sizes or locations can result in
loss of data. After making changes to your partitions, run the backup option to
create a current backup copy and destroy any old copies of the backup.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.8. HexDump - Hex Dump Utility ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The HexDump utility is used to create an ASCII file from a binary file enabling
the user to view the contents of a binary file in hex and ASCII values. The
ASCII file created by HexDump may be edited using a standard text editor and
then converted back to binary using the HexDump utility. This utility is for
use when it is not practical to use a sector editor to view or modify binary
files.

Command Syntax:

HEXDUMP [-h|a] infile outfile

 -h        Indicates that infile is a ASCII file previously created using the
           HexDump utility and that the hex section of the file is to be used
           to create a new binary file specified by outfile.

 -a        Indicates that infile is a ASCII file previously created using the
           HexDump utility and that the ASCII section of the file is to be used
           to create a new binary file specified by outfile.

 none      No option indicates that infile is an existing binary file to be
           converted to Hex/ASCII text form and written to the file specified
           as outfile.

 The customer should make adequate backup of the original binary file prior to
 modification of the original using this utility in the event that the outcome
 of the alteration is not as anticipated.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.9. HPFSOpt - HPFS Optimizer Utility ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A fragmented file contains more than one contiguous block of data. Each of
these blocks is called an extent.  The HPFS Optimizer analyzes the files on
your HPFS volume to determine the number of extents each file contains.  When a
file is identified which contains excessive extents, it is defragmented.

Command Syntax:

HPFSOPT [-?] [drive:] [-o3] [-d] [-px] [-xn] [-yn] [-l filespec] [-m] [-u]

 -?        Display syntax.

 drive:    The drive letter followed by a colon of the HPFS volume to be
           optimized (i.e.  C:).  If drive: is not specified you will be
           prompted for it on the initial optimizer screen.

 -o3       This is the optimization level.  Normally, the HPFS Optimizer will
           defragment those files which contain more than 3 extents. And, will
           consider a file as optimized when its fragmentation is decreased to
           3 or less extents.  You may override the default optimization level
           using the -o option and specifying the number of extents you wish to
           use. For instance, -o5 will optimize files containing more than 5
           extents.  It is recommended that you allow the -o option to default
           to 3.

 -px       Set the maximum number of optimization passes to "x". If this
           parameter is not specified the maximum number of passes is
           determined dynamically at run time based on various volume
           statistics.  Example: -p5  The maximum number of optimization passes
           is limited to 5.

 -xn       Only those files which have file sizes greater than "n" will be
           selected for optimization. The default is to select files greater
           than 0 length for optimization. Example -x50000

 -yn       Only those files which have file sizes less than or equal to "n"
           will be selected for optimization. The default is to select files
           with no upper file size limit. Example -y2000000

 -d        Display only. HPFSOpt will display those files whose number of
           extents exceed the optimization level but will not attempt to
           optimize those files.

 -l filespec HPFSOpt will write a log file to a standard text file with
           information about the optimization operation.  You may examine this
           file after optimizing to see which files were effected by the
           optimization. There should be a space between the -l and the actual
           file name.

 -m        Selects monochrome mode for users with monochrome monitors.
           Normally, monochrome mode is automatically selected. However, if you
           receive a blank screen on a monochrome monitor, press ESC to exit
           and restart using this option.

 -u        Run in unattended mode. Normally HpfsOpt waits for a keystroke
           before terminating to give you time to examine the files which were
           optimized. This switch will cause termination immediately without
           user input. This option is useful when running off hours or as a
           background task.

 The HPFS Optimizer may be safely executed while other processes are executing
 on your OS/2 system, even if the other processes update the same HPFS volume.
 Files which are in use, however, will not be defragmented. Once optimization
 has began, you may terminate the operation by pressing ESC. Care should be
 taken not to otherwise terminate the optimizer such as via Ctrl-C, Ctrl-Break,
 or the Workplace Shell.

 The HPFS Optimizer will not attempt to defragment any file which has an
 attribute of READ ONLY, HIDDEN, or SYSTEM. If you wish the optimizer to
 operate on a file with these attributes you must change the file's attribute
 before executing the optimizer. You may do this using the GammaTech Files
 utility or the OS/2 Attrib command.

 The ARCHIVED file attribute is often used to tell your backup software which
 files have changed since the last backup. So as not to interfere with the
 efficient use of your backup software, the HPFS Optimizer leaves the ARCHIVED
 attribute set to the same value as that of the original fragmented file.

 Example: HPFSOPT -o3 -l report.dat

 This example will optimize the HPFS volume on the default drive by
 defragmenting all files which contain more than 3 extents. A log is written to
 the file "report.dat".

 For the optimizer to run properly there must be free space available on the
 HPFS volume. A full or near full volume will prevent the optimizer from
 running effectively. For maximum performance, there should be at least 512,000
 bytes plus the length of the largest file selected for optimization. If your
 volume does not meet this criteria, you may wish to offload some of the files
 to another volume before running the optimizer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.10. LD - List Directory Utility ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The List Directory Utility is an enhanced DIR command.  The display output from
LD may be customized to meet your needs.  In addition, you may add comments to
your files and they will be displayed when you list them with LD.

LD supports international date and time formats. The format to be used is
extracted from the OS/2 configuration.

Command Syntax:

LD [filespec] [options] [COM comments]

The "filespec" operand specifies the file or files to be processed. It may
contain a drive letter followed by a colon and a directory path.  The file name
may contain the * and ? wild card characters.

The "options" values are shown in the table below.  You may type the option
letters in either upper or lower case.  The option should be preceded by a "+"
to set the option on or a "-" to set the option off. Alternatively you may use
"/" in place of "+" to activate an option. If an option is not specified or
overridden it will be set according to the default setting shown in the table.

Option

  - AU     Deactivate autopage feature. (Allows type ahead.)
  + DA     Display standard attribute settings.
  + DB     Display directories first, then files.
  + DC     Display comments.
  - DD     Display directories only.
  - DE     Display extended attributes size.
  - DF     Display files only.
  + DH     Display hidden files.
  - DL     Display value of .LONGNAME extended attributes if present.
  - DS     Include subdirectories. Ignored with /D2 or /D4.
  - DT     Display all file timestamps.
  - DU     Use no delimiters in dates and times.
  + DV     Display volume information.
  - DW     Force comments to be displayed on a new line.
  - DX     Display file extents (fragmentation). This option is ignored for FAT
           volumes. See notes for LAN Server also.
  - DZ     Display file count and total bytes on each directory line. Counts
           include all files (*.*) in the directory.  Counts do not include any
           lower subdirectory files.
  - D2     Display in 2 column mode. See notes below.
  - D4     Display in 4 column mode. See notes below.
  - EX     If FAT, separate extension from file name.
  + GA     Display GammaTech Copyright lines at first of display.
  - H      Display help screen and exit.
  - LD     Force directory names lower case.
  + LF     Force file names lower case.
  - P      Page mode. Pauses after each full screen.
  - SA     Sort in accessed timestamp order.
  - SC     Sort in create timestamp order.
  - SE     Sort in file name extension order.
  - SM     Sort in modified timestamp order.
  + SN     Sort in file name order.  This option is ignored for non-FAT
           volumes.
  - SS     Sort in file size order.
  + UD     Force directory names upper case.
  - UF     Force file names upper case.
  - ?      Display help screen and exit. Same as /h.

 In the list of options above, a - indicates that the option is off by default
 and a + indicates that the option is on by default.

 The display from LD can be terminated at any time by pressing ESC.

 FAT volumes do not support created or last accessed timestamps. When using the
 /DT option to display all timestamps of files on FAT volumes, the created and
 last accessed timestamps will be equal to the last modified timestamp.

 The "COM" operand is used to add or remove comments to the file.  If comments
 have been added to a file they will be listed automatically when you display
 the file provided the +DC option is selected.  To add or change a comment,
 type "com" at the end of the command line followed by your comment.  The
 comment may be up to 78 characters long.  To delete a comment, type "com" as
 the last thing on the command line.

 Comments may also be added to directories using the COM parameter. LD ABC will
 list the contents of directory ABC but LD ABC COM ... will add/delete comments
 for directory ABC. Comments may be added to directories only if the exact path
 name is specified, i.e. no wild card characters.

 The D2 and D4 column mode force page mode on. If file names are too long they
 will be truncated on the display. 4 column mode displays only the file name. 2
 column mode displays the file name, file size, and modified date and time
 values.

 LD may be configured by using an environment variable. You may set this
 variable temporarily for each screen group by using the OS/2 SET command. You
 may set it permanently for all screen groups by adding it to your config.sys
 file. If you change config.sys you will need to reboot to activate the
 changes. The format to set the environment variable is shown below:

 SET LDEFAULT=+opts-opts

 Example:  SET LDEFAULT=+pdf-dv

     This example will tell LD to run with page mode active, to display only
     file entries, and omit volume statistics.

 When LD examines an option to see if it is set, it looks first at the command
 line.  If the option was not specified there, it examines the environment
 variable.  If the option is not there it selects the default setting as
 indicated in the table above.

 LD supports an autopage feature.  Regardless of the -P option setting, if you
 press a key while the display is scrolling, the display will freeze.  To
 continue the display, press a key again. Autopage can be disabled, allowing
 you to type ahead, via the -AU option.

 File comments added or changed with LD are stored in the file's directory as a
 .COMMENTS extended attribute.  This is a standard extended attribute supported
 by OS/2.  In most cases, adding comments to your file will not cause it to
 occupy more space on your HPFS volume.  A small amount of space is reserved
 for all files for extended attributes, whether they have extended attributes
 or not. Most files do not have extended attributes unless you choose to add
 them.

 Comments remain with the file even if the file is moved or renamed. The
 comments are automatically removed when the file is deleted.

 The space a file uses is reported in two ways by LD.  The space allocated for
 the files is reported in the volume statistics at the end of the display.
 With HPFS, files are always allocated in 512 byte blocks.  Therefore, this
 value should always be a multiple of 512. The actual space the file is using,
 of the allocated space, is reported next to the file name in the main body of
 the display.  This is the reason you cannot add the file sizes to get a total
 which matches the allocated total in the volume information section of the
 display.

 Example:

 LD myfile.dat com this file belongs to me

     This example adds, or changes an existing comment for the file
     "myfile.dat".  The new comment "this file belongs to me" can be displayed
     in future LD displays.

 Example:  LD myfile.dat com

     This example deletes the comment added in the previous example.

 Example:  LD *.dat  +pdedf -dv

     This example will display all files in the current directory with an
     extension of "dat".  The display will pause when the screen is full. Only
     files will be listed.  The size of any extended attributes will be shown
     in the display.  Volume information will not be displayed.

 Example:  LD A:*.*

     This example shows you that LD will work with FAT volumes.

 If the volume is FAT based, the directory is automatically sorted by file name
 unless the -DN option is entered.

 LAN Server Users:  The List Directory Utility will display and manipulate
 comments on only those files for which the user has access privileges. The /DX
 option is ignored without administrative privileges.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.11. MkPath - Make Directory Path ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The MkPath Utility will create a multi-level path in one command execution.

Syntax:

MKPATH [-?] [drive:]path

The -? switch displays command syntax.

If some of the directories in the path exist, MkPath will create those which do
not exist.

Example:  MKPATH D:\WILSON\ACCOUNTS\DATA


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.12. ReBoot - Reboot the system ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In its simplest form, the ReBoot Utility is functionally equivalent to
performing a Ctrl-Alt-Delete key sequence. Options are provided to notify
Presentation Manager applications to save their settings and to close them.
ReBoot may be executed from an OS/2 command line prompt, command files or the
alarms productivity aid utility.

Syntax:  REBOOT [-?] [-y] [-s] [-q]

The -? switch displays command syntax.

The -y switch performs a file system shutdown and reboot. It is functionally
equivalent to performing a Ctrl-Alt-Delete sequence.

The -s switch notifies all active Presentation Manager applications to save
their settings and then performs a file system shutdown and reboot.

The -q switch notifies all active Presentation Manager applications to save
their settings. It then notifies all active Presentation Manager applications
to shut down and then performs a file system shutdown and reboot.

One and only one of the above options are required. Otherwise the command
syntax is displayed and no reboot takes place.

When ReBoot is used, the file systems are shut down normally. Some executing
programs may not be terminated normally. Some application programs may lose
data if they are not shut down properly. You should therefore use caution when
using this utility.  Some desktop settings may be lost if changes were made
since the last boot. These same statements apply if you manually execute the
Ctrl-Alt-Delete key sequence.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.13. SEdit - Sector Editor ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Sector Editor is an extremely powerful sector level editor. It allows
access to physical and logical volumes at the sector level. It can operate
independent of the file system format and will allow access to floppy disk as
well as hard disk drives.

Warning: Editing physical and logical disk sectors can result in complete loss
of data on your disk drive. The edit capabilities should be exercised by those
who have adequate technical knowledge of the associated file system format to
understand the consequences of the changes they are making to the file system.

You may start the Sector Editor from the icon or from an OS/2 command line
prompt. When using the command line option you may select certain options from
the list below. You may set any of these options for the icon object by placing
them in the Parameters field of the Setting notebook page for the program
object icon.

Command Syntax: SEDIT d: [-?] [-m] [-z]

  d:       The drive to be operated on. It may be a logical drive (C:, D:,
           etc.) or it may be a physical drive (1:, 2:, etc.)

  -?       Displays the command syntax at the command line.

  -m       Selects monochrome monitor mode. Monochrome monitors should be
           automatically detected. If for some reason detection of your
           monochrome monitor is not detected and you get a  blank screen,
           select this option.

  -z       Initially disables the Auto Sector format feature. See below for a
           description of this feature. Auto Format may be activated or
           deactivated manually once the editor has started regardless of this
           option on the command line. By default, Auto Sector Formatting is
           enabled at startup.

 A complete list of keys and commands are presented later in this section.
 There are several special features supported by the editor worth pointing out:

 Most editor commands may be executed one of two ways. By pressing the ESC key
 a menu of commands is displayed. The customer may then select the operation
 they desire from the menu. All commands have a hotkey combination and can be
 executed using the hotkey. The hot keys are displayed on the selection menu,
 the online help (F1) and in this document below.

 The Sector Editor has a feature called Auto Sector Formatting. This feature
 attempts to identify the type of file system structure for the sector being
 displayed. If it is able to identify the sector, it will display it in a
 format specific to the type of structure. For example, the HPFS Super Block
 will be displayed in a formatted and more readable form. If the sector cannot
 be identified, it will be displayed in a raw sector format. The Auto Sector
 Format feature can be toggled on or off at any time using the ALT-Z command.

 A command is provided (ALT-D) which allows the customer to format any sector
 "as if it were" a specific type of file system structure. For example, one
 might request a sector to be formatted as if it were an HPFS Super Block.

 There are several ways to select a desired sector or cluster to be displayed.
 Using the ALT-S or ALT-C commands the customer can enter the actual sector or
 cluster number to be displayed. Note that all sector and cluster numbers are
 in hexadecimal. In addition all sector numbers are logical sectors numbers.
 Sector number 0 is the first sector on the disk, 1 is the second, etc.  The
 sector can be adjusted forward or backward one sector at a time using the PGUP
 and PGDN keys. Also a sector or cluster number which is displayed on the
 screen as part of a sector display can be jumped to directly by positioning
 the cursor under the value and pressing the ENTER key.

 Features are present to locate a file (ALT-F) or to locate data in ASCII or
 hexadecimal (ALT-L).

 One or more sectors may be printed (ALT-P), written to an external file
 (ALT-W) and replaced from an external file (ALT-R).

 The BIOS Parameter Block for the drive can be displayed (ALT-B).

 As you are working with a disk, you may wish to save the sector number of one
 or more sectors so that you may return to those sectors later. The provision
 is provided to save up to 7 sector numbers in slots by using the ALT-Fx
 command where Fx is one of the function keys F2 through F8. The sector numbers
 thus saved can be recalled and immediately displayed by pressing the related
 Fx key. For example, to save the current sector number you might press ALT-F4
 and to display that sector again at a later time you would press F4. Note that
 the Find File feature may store sector numbers for you automatically in the F2
 and F3 entries. See the Find Files command (ALT-F) below for additional
 information.

 For HPFS volumes, the checksum values for the Super and Spare blocks can be
 automatically updated using the ALT-X command.

 Note that when raw sectors are displayed on a standard 25x80 window or full
 screen, only half of a 512 byte sector will be displayed. You may scroll
 between the two halves using the HOME and END keys. If you have a high
 resolution monitor, you may configure the screen so that the entire sector
 will be displayed. To do this, enter the following OS/2 command prior to
 starting the Sector Editor: MODE CO80,41

 When editing data within sectors, keep in mind that all data is altered by
 overtyping. Since sectors are fixed in length, data cannot be "inserted" or
 "deleted".

 The Sector Editor contains a partition table edit feature. To use this feature
 select the physical drive (i.e. 1:) with autoformat enabled. The partition
 table will be displayed in a formatted manner. Press ALT-E to enter edit mode.
 You may now edit the formatted partition table information.

 The complete list of key functions and commands is shown below:

  ESC      Call up Menu: - Pressing ESC will present the command option menu.
           From it you may terminate the editor or select one of several
           commands to perform. The commands listed in the menu have hot key
           definitions beside them. You may execute the command using the hot
           key without accessing the command menu. There are a few commands not
           found on the menu. However, all commands are listed in the following
           list.

  TAB      Toggle between Hex/Ascii in unformatted mode: - When displaying
           sectors in the unformatted mode, you may edit the data in hex or
           ASCII. After entering edit mode (ALT-E) you may toggle between the
           Hex display area and the ASCII display area using the TAB key. At
           other times, the TAB key operates as the same as a Right Arrow key.

  UP       Cursor Positioning: - These keys are used for cursor positioning and
           edit operations among the various fields on the display. These keys
           do not generally scroll the text displayed except on the Help
           display.

  DOWN     See UP.

  LEFT     See UP.

  RIGHT    See UP.

  HOME     Scroll Text: - These keys are used to scroll text when more data in
           a sector is present than will fit on the screen. For instance, with
           the window in 25x80 mode only 256 of the 512 bytes of a unformatted
           sector will fit on the screen. To view the last 256 bytes, press
           END. To move back to the first 256 bytes press HOME.

  END      See HOME.

  PGUP     Read Preceding Sector: - The Page Up key decrements the current
           sector by 1. Pressing this key while in edit mode will cause any
           changes to the current sector to be written to the disk before
           moving to the new sector. The sector number cannot be decremented to
           a value less than 0.

  PGDN     Read Next Sector: - The Page Down key increments the current sector
           by 1. Pressing this key while in edit mode will cause any changes to
           the current sector to be written to the disk before moving to the
           new sector.

  Enter    Jump to Sector / Cluster: - Pressing Enter will take the value at
           the cursor location and use it to jump to a new sector if such
           action seems reasonable. In unformatted mode, the value at the
           cursor location is treated as a 32 bit logical sector number unless
           the volume format has been identified as FAT, in which case it is
           treated as a 16 bit cluster number. In formatted mode, 32 bit values
           are treated as logical sector numbers and if the volume is
           identified as FAT, 16 bit values are treated as cluster numbers.  If
           a new sector is determined and you are in edit mode, any changes to
           the current sector will be written to disk before moving to the new
           sector.

  ALT-B    Display BPB: - This command displays the BIOS Parameter Block for
           the volume as determined when the volume was opened by the editor.

  ALT-C    Go to cluster: - This command is only valid if the volume has been
           identified as a FAT volume. When the command is entered, the cursor
           will jump to the status area where you may enter a cluster number.
           The cluster is then converted to a sector value and the new sector
           is read. If you are in edit mode at the time you enter this command,
           any changes to the current sector will be written to disk before
           moving to the new sector.

  ALT-D    Format sector as ...: - With auto formatting active, known
           structures are displayed in a formatted fashion. When auto
           formatting is turned off sectors are displayed in a raw format (see
           the ALT-Z command.) In either case if you wish to view a sector as
           if it were a specific structure you may use this command to display
           a menu of supported structures. Selecting one of the choices
           displayed will format the sector as if it were the desired structure
           type. Obviously if the sector data does not match the desired
           format, the fields will not make sense.

  ALT-E    Toggle edit mode: - This command toggles Edit Mode on or off.
           WARNING: Edit mode allows you to alter sectors of your disk.
           Altering the disk structures can result in SUBSTANTIAL DATA LOSS.
           When activating edit mode, the EDIT status bar will appear in the
           status area. Overtyping data will be buffered for the current
           sector. Any command which causes a different sector to be displayed
           will cause the changes to the current sector to be written to disk.
           Exiting edit mode also causes the changes to be written as well as
           exiting the editor with changes pending. Once the alteration has
           been written you must reedit it to change it back. However, if you
           wish to reverse changes to the current sector and it has not yet
           been written, you may use the undo command (ALT-U) to undo the
           changes.

  ALT-F    Find a file: - If the volume has been identified as FAT or HPFS
           format, you may use this command to locate a file on the volume via
           the directory tree.  If the file is located, the directory block
           containing the file directory entry will be stowed in the F2 stack
           (you may call it up by pressing F2, see the Fx and ALT-Fx commands
           below) and the first data sector will be displayed. If the volume is
           HPFS, the F-Node sector will be stowed in the F3 stack entry.  Note
           that pending edit changes will be written to disk when this command
           is used.

  ALT-L    Find data (Hex or Ascii) - Use this command to search for data on
           the volume.  The search begins at the current sector plus one and
           continues until the data is located, the end of the volume is
           reached, or you terminate the search with the ESC key. Either ASCII
           or hex data can be used in the search. If hex data is to be used,
           prefix the value with 0x. i.e. 0xabcd to search for hex abcd. This
           command always writes pending changes to disk if in edit mode.

  ALT-P    Print sector(s): - This command will print one or more sectors
           starting with the current sector displayed in the status area. You
           will be presented with a dialog to enter the number of sectors to
           print (default is 1) and the port to use for printing (default is
           LPT1). Sectors are always printed in the unformatted (hex and Ascii)
           format, one sector per page. The port name can be replaced with a
           short file name also provided it is 10 or less characters. If you
           are in edit mode when issuing this command, any pending changes to
           the sector are written to disk before the sector(s) are printed.

  ALT-R    Replace sectors from a file: - You must be in edit mode for this
           command to function.  A dialog will be presented for a input file
           name and the number of sectors to read. You may select all sectors
           from the file. The sectors will be read from the file REPLACING
           sectors on your disk beginning with the current sector displayed in
           the status area.  EXTREME caution should be exercised when using
           this command.  It can cause SIGNIFICANT DATA LOSS.

  ALT-S    Go to sector: - When this command is entered, the cursor will jump
           to the status area where you may enter a sector number and this new
           sector is read. If you are in edit mode at the time you enter this
           command, any changes to the current sector will be written to disk
           before moving to the new sector.

  ALT-U    Undo edit changes to current sector: - Providing you are still in
           edit mode, any changes to the current sector may be undone by
           entering this command.

  ALT-W    Write sector(s) to a file: - This command presents a dialog where a
           output file may be specified and a count of sectors to write. The
           number of sectors specified (default 1) starting with the current
           sector displayed in the status area, will be written to the file. If
           the output file exists, it will be appended to. There is no limit to
           the number of sectors that can be written except the operation will
           stop when the number of sectors specified is reached, the end of the
           volume is reached, or the output file exhausts the space on it's
           volume. If you are in edit mode when issuing this command, any
           pending changes to the current sector are written to disk before the
           sector(s) are written to the file.

  ALT-X    This command will update the HPFS checksum values in the HPFS Spare
           Block providing that 1) you are in edit mode, 2) the current sector
           is a valid Spare block, and 3) the immediately preceding sector is a
           valid HPFS Super Block. This command is useful to adjust the
           checksums for a HPFS volume to a stable state after making changes
           to the Super or Spare blocks. This same function can be performed by
           running chkdsk on the volume after editing. Note:  this command also
           sets the dirty flag to zero.

  ALT-Z    Toggle auto sector formatting: - When auto sector formatting is
           enabled (the default) and a sector is read which can be identified,
           the sector will be displayed in a formatted fashion. If the sector
           cannot be identified, it will be displayed in a raw format. You may
           enable or disable this feature at any time using the ALT-Z command.

  ALT-Fx   Save sector number: - The current sector number may be saved in a
           recall stack making it easier to return to that sector at a later
           time. To save the current sector number press ALT-Fx where x is 2-8.
           You may return to that sector by pressing Fx where x is the same
           value you used in the ALT-Fx command. i.e. to save the current
           sector you might press ALT-F5. To later recall that same sector
           press F5. Note that F2 and F3 are used by the ALT-F (Find File)
           command.

  Fx       Recall sector: - Recall a saved sector number. See the ALT-Fx
           command.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.14. Where - Where Utility ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Where utility will locate "lost" or duplicate files on your hard drive.  It
will function on HPFS or FAT volumes and supports long file names. Hidden and
System files are included in the search.

Command Syntax:  WHERE [-?] [drive:][path]filespec [A/M/C GT/GE/LT/LE/EQ
mm/dd/yy [hh:mm]] [COM pattern] [TXT pattern]

The -? operand displays command syntax.

The "drive:" operand specifies the drive to be searched. If not specified, the
default drive is assumed.

The "path" operand specifies the directory where the search is to begin. If not
specified, the default directory is assumed. To start the search from the root
directory when the root directory is not the default directory, specify a path
of "\".

The "filespec" operand specifies the file or files to be processed.  The file
name may contain the * and ? wild card characters.

The search for files can be limited by comparing any one of the date/time
values to a value you supply. A/M/C indicates which date you wish to compare
with: A-Accessed M-Modified C-Create. The next operand after A/M/C should be GT
for Greater Than; GE for Greater or Equal to; LT for Less Than; LE for Less
Than or Equal to; or EQ for Equal to. Then follows the date and optionally the
time. The format of the date and time is determined by the country
configuration as defined in OS/2. For U.S. customers it is mm-dd-yy hh:mm. The
actual delimeters are ignored. For other countries the order of the date fields
may be different, but consistent with your OS/2 configuration.

The search for files can be limited by comparing any file comments added with
LD or the Drives icon to a specified pattern. This is indicated by specifying
the COM option. If the comment pattern contains spaces the pattern must be
enclosed in double quotes.  The comparison is not case sensitive. Searching for
comments takes considerably more time and it is recommended that you limit the
search with the filespec when possible.

The search for files can be limited by comparing the file data with a text
pattern. If the specific pattern appears in the file, it will be displayed.
This is indicated by specifying the TXT option.  If the pattern contains spaces
it must be enclosed in double quotes.  The comparison is not case sensitive.
The TXT option takes considerably more time and it is recommended that you
limit the search with the filespec when possible.

The display consists of the file size, attributes, last modified date and time,
the file path and file name.

Example:  WHERE \*.txt

This example will locate all files on the volume with a "txt" extension and
display their location.

Example:  WHERE *.exe m ge 05/15/91

This example will locate all exe files in the current directory and its
subdirectories and which have been modified on or after May 15, 1991.

Example:  WHERE \util\*.* com special data

This example will locate all files which have the text "special data" in their
comment field and which reside in the "util" directory or one of its
subdirectories.

Example:  WHERE *.* c lt 02/12/91 com february

This example will locate all files which have the text "february" in their
comment field and were created on or before February 12, 1991. The search
begins in the current directory and includes its subdirectories.

LAN Server Users:  The Where Utility will display only those files for which
the user has access privileges.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.15. WipeFree - Wipe Freespace ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The WipeFree utility may be used to overwrite all freespace on a disk volume.
The normal wipe operation writes binary zeroes to all free sectors. An option
is provided to overwrite the free space in accordance with Department of
Defense specifications.

Command Syntax:  WipeFree [-?] drive: [-g]

The -? operand displays command syntax.

The "drive:" operand specifies the drive to be wiped.

The -g option indicates that the obliteration of freespace should be done in
accordance with Department of Defense specifications which require that the
file be overwritten with four passes of zeros followed by ones, one pass
writing a random value, and verification of the last write.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. Special Considerations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In secured LAN environments, and when executing utilities on remote LAN drives,
the customer must have the appropriate access permissions to the LAN drive
prior to executing the utility. For example, if you are deleting files from a
LAN drive, you must have delete access privileges for that LAN drive or the
operation will fail.

Some features and functions of the GammaTech Utilities operate using low level
I/O functions on disk volumes. Generally, these low level functions are not
supported on remote LAN drives. For example, the WipeFree utility which is used
to clear freespace on a volume will not run against a remote LAN drive. Volume
I/O functions may be executed only on drives which are local to the system on
which they are executed.

Several of the GammaTech Utility programs access disks at the volume level (as
opposed to the file level). Depending on the type of disk and its size, these
utilities use different I/O routines to read from and write to the volume.
Special attention is given to large HPFS volumes (greater than 2 gigabytes) and
the drivers in use.

If you are experiencing I/O related problems using the utilities shown below,
you may force these utilities to use an alternate set of I/O routines. The
alternate I/O routines are somewhat slower from a performance perspective but
may work in those environments where the normal I/O routines are failing. The
alternate I/O routines are forced into use by specifying the -i option when
executing the utility.

The following utilities support the Alternate I/O option (-i) as command line
switches or in the case of Presentation Manager applications, in the Parameters
entry field of the Settings notebook page.

       Analyze
       DiskMap
       FatOpt
       FatSort
       GtDisk
       HpfsOpt
       Optimize
       SEdit
       Sentry
       UnDelete
       WipeFree


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Trademark Acknowledgments ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following terms are registered trademarks of International Business
Machines Corporation and/or MicroSoft Corporation:

       HPFS386
       IBM
       LAN Server
       LAN Manager
       OS/2
       Presentation Manager
       Windows

 GammaTech is a trademark of GammaTech, Inc.