PM_DD_HPLaserJ,PSCRIPT.HP LaserJet 4/4M Plus PS 600
COMPAQPA
Letter
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
Letter
59.649/C5 Envelope
elope
Letter
59.649/C5 Envelope
elope
PM_DD_COMPAQPA,PSCRIPT.COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
Postscri
Letter
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
Letter
59.649/C5 Envelope
elope
Letter
59.649/C5 Envelope
elope
PM_DD_COMPAQPA,PSCRIPT.COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
COMPAQP1
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
PM_DD_COMPAQPA,PSCRIPT.COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15
HP LaserJet Classic
Linotron
Linotronic 300 v49_3
Linotronic 300 v49_3
Linotronic 300 v49_3
PM_DD_COMPAQPA,PSCRIPT.Linotronic 300 v49_3
PMfaxD
Letter
PMfaxD
2156,1,0,0,c:\pmfax\
CHAPTER 5. DOCUMENT STRUCTURE
"WHAT YOU CAN DO"
2 res=33301.Document Structure and Manipulation documents, structure documents, manipulation
33310.Document Structure
20220.Document Objects
33321.Operations on Selected Text
3 res=33310.Document Structure document structure
The following example explains the structure of Clearlook documents:
Imagine your task is to design a page in a magazine. Several articles must be placed in separate columns with accompanying pictures and captions. One way to perform this task and to understand how these objects relate to objects in a Clearlook document, is explained as follows:
To start, get a sheet of (white) paper and trim it to the size of the magazine's page format.
You know the maximum width and height of the area, but you don't know yet exactly how the usable area will be positioned on the magazine's page. Another piece of (dark cyan) paper is cut to the size of the actual usable area. This sheet is the bases for articles and pictures. In Clearlook this is the base text area, because it is the basic area available for text and graphics. Dark cyan paper is used to contrast with the white of the magazine's page.
Articles are typed in columns on white slips of paper cut to the actual extent of the text. These slips of paper are text cells.
Prepare the graphic and captions and mount it on a sheet of (light cyan) paper. This is also considered a text area, because it is an independent area where text and graphics are placed. Trim the sheet to make graphic and caption fit. The caption is written on a slip of (white) paper.
Now recall the objects prepared: The white sheet of paper, the dark cyan 20223.base text area, the light cyan 20224.text area for the graphic and caption and the 20225.text cells, the white slips of paper containing the actual text.
To design the page, the graphic and the caption must be placed on the light cyan text area. Then place the remaining slips of paper and the light cyan text area on the dark cyan text area. Move these objects around until the desired layout is achieved. The final action is to position the dark cyan text area on the white sheet that corresponds to the page of the magazine.
By keeping this example in mind, you will easily understand the structure of Clearlook documents. Clearlook is an electronic implementation of this approach to designing documents. The electronic implementation has much more flexibility and a few rules for handling these document objects.
3 res=20220.Document Objects document objects objects, text document
Just as you manipulate objects in the workplace shell, you can manipulate the parts of a Clearlook document. These parts are called document objects. Most document objects have an object menu that is activated by pressing the right button or the key F12. Object menus appear as a pop-up menu.
Every object menu has a Setup function. Activating this function provides access to the settings of the object under the pointer or the cursor. Check the infobar when calling object menus with the pointer. The infobar indicates which object of your text document is selected. A document is composed of these objects:
20223.Base Text Area
20224.Layered Text Area
20225.Text Cell
20226.Bitmap
20230.Fill-in
20227.Data Field
20221.Margin
20222.Border
20240.Tabmark
33320.Selected text
4 res=33311.Text Area text area
A text area is a container for 20225.text cells. A text area can contain further layers of text areas. The lowest-level text area is called 20223.base text area. Text areas contained in the base text area are 20224.layered text areas.
4 res=20223.Base Text Area base text area text area, base text area
The base text area is the 33311.text area on the paper to place text and graphics. The area outside the base text area up to the rim of the paper is called 20221.margin.
Creation: Every document always has one base text area. The base text area cannot be deleted. When creating a 33202.new text document, the document's base text area is automatically created as well as its first 20225.text cell.
By 20940.moving and 20990.sizing the base text area you position text on the sheet of paper. When the view of the document is set to show the 20128.cell structure, the base text area appears in dark cyan. The text cells it contains are objects on top of the base text area and thus may cover it. The dark cyan border of these cells remains as an indicator of the base text area beneath.
Like layered text areas, the base text area can also be moved and sized within its containing frame, the paper. The size and format of the paper is set with the 2500.layout dialog.
Moving the text area causes all of its cells and contained text areas to move with it. Sizing the text area also causes a corresponding change in the size of its cells and contained text areas. Changing the format of the document from portrait to landscape for example, is a resizing action. This enlarges all cells and contained text areas proportionally to the change of width from portrait to landscape.
If a cell grows beyond the height of the base text area, a new page is automatically created and the flow of text and cells continues on to the next page.
Changing the position and size of the base text area on one page creates identical changes on all the other pages.
4 res=20224.Layered Text Area text areas, layered text area layered text area
A 33311.text area can contain another text area. Contained text areas are called layered text areas. The 20223.base text area is considered layer one, the next contained text area is layer two, and so forth.
Creation: When creating a 33202.new text document, the document has a 20223.base text area and one text cell. Layered text areas are created by invoking the 33903.pop-up menu's 19215.new text area function. With the pop-up menu's 19242.delete function you can remove a layered text area from the document. Removing a text area also removes all its cells and contents.
When the view of the document is set to show the 20128.cell structure, a text area can be 20940.moved and 20990.sized within the limits of its containing text area. Second-level text areas appear in light cyan.
A text area contained within a second-level text area is called a third-level text area, and appears in dark cyan to contrast with its container, the second-level text area. Clearlook's logic does not impose any limit to the number of text areas layered within each other.
All text areas share the same functionality. They are containers for 20225.text cells and can be moved and sized within the limits of their parent object. The differences between the base text area and layered text areas are as follows:
The base text area automatically repeats itself from one page to another, allowing cells to continue to flow through it.
Layered text areas can be configured to repeat themselves on subsequent pages, always displaying the same content.
Layered text areas will not flow text to the next page, text extending below the bottom of a layered text area is therefore not visible. By enlarging the text area, text that 'fell' beyond the bottom becomes visible.
In the 2270.setup dialog of a layered text area you can set the text area to be repeatedly displayed on subsequent pages. For example, you can specify a layered text area to display from page 1 to 10. The text area is defined on page one. Pages two through ten display copies of this text area. Used in this way, layered text areas become a very powerful feature to create headers and footers. The 10271.Header and 10272.Footer menu functions automatically create layered text areas positioned as headers and footers.
To display a layered text area on every second page, set a value of 2 in the Step Field of the layered text area's setup dialog. By defining two footers, each configured to display on alternating pages only, you can create alternating footers for odd and even pages.
4 res=20225.Text Cell text cell, description cell, description
A text cell is the actual container for the text of your document. A text cell can contain characters and 20226.bitmaps. The height of a cell grows as more text is inserted into it. (So it is a very convenient container that always grows to the size of its contents.)
The cell itself is always contained in a 33311.text area. Any number of cells can be placed within one text area. Cells can be placed in rows side by side. Any number of rows of cells can be placed in a text area.
Creation: When creating a 33202.new text document, the document has a 20223.base text area and one text cell. Create additional text cells with the 33903.pop-up menu's 19214.new cell function or with the speedbar's 20132.create table button. With the pop-up menu's 19242.delete function you can remove a text cell from the document. Removing a text cell removes all of its characters and bitmaps with it.
If the view of the document is set to show the 20128.cell structure, cells can be 20941.moved and 20946.sized horizontally within the limits of the text area. Cells can never overlap. To move or enlarge a cell, sufficient empty space must exist on the side of that cell. Reduce the width of cells to create empty space.
The cell width defines the linebreak of the text flowing into the cell. The user defines the width of a cell, and the height automatically adjusts. As you add text to a cell, its height grows, pushing subsequent cells (if existing) further down. A cell without text has the height of one line.
You cannot move a cell vertically within its text area. To place a cell on a particular position on a page, create a 20224.layered text area and position it anywhere. Text cells move with the text area they belong to.=
4 res=20226.Bitmap bitmap, description
In Clearlook, a bitmap is a special character imported from disk or screen and placed in the stream characters. This 'special character' bitmap has one additional quality: It is scalable to any size that fits in the 20225.text cell.
Creation: To insert a bitmap into your text, use the 55013.import bitmap function. You can also create a bitmap by clipping an area of the screen with the 55014.screen clip function. To delete a bitmap, place the cursor on the bitmap and press the Del key, as when deleting a character. You may also use the 33903.pop-up menu's 19242.delete function to remove a bitmap.
A bitmap is just one character in the flow of characters of the text cell. Adjust its position horizontally by adding space (or characters) to the left of the bitmap. To position it vertically, add carriage returns above the bitmap. This is useful to position small bitmaps that are part of the flow of text.
Bitmaps that are not part of the flowing text, and have a fixed position on the page, create a 20224.layered text area and insert the bitmap into the first cell, as the only character of this cell. Move and position the text area to place the bitmap.
After inserting a bitmap with the import bitmap function, it is shown in a default size. Move the pointer to the right or bottom edge of the bitmap until a 20991.sizing pointer appears. Press the left button of the pointing device and size the bitmap. You can also double-click on the bitmap and activate the bitmap dialog to display useful information. In the dialog the display size of the bitmap can be entered directly.
Clearlook always maintains the original imported bitmap and scales it as needed to the desired display size. The size of the original bitmap determines the amount of memory occupied, not the display size. When a large bitmap with a high color resolution is imported, a considerable amount of memory is occupied during document manipulation. This may slow down the execution speed on systems with very tight memory. In general, even large bitmaps will only affect Clearlook's display speed when visible on the screen.
When printing documents with bitmaps, the bitmap's original resolution determines its clarity on the print-out.
4 res=20230.Fill-In fill-in
A fill-in is a special character that automatically contains a value that the system 'fills in' for you. The system can fill in the page number, system date, system time or the file name and path. A fill-in is created with the menu's 10236.fill-in function or with the Ctrl+F hotkey. It behaves like one single character to the delete and select functions, even though it may display several characters.
For time, date and page number 2100.fill-ins, the format dialog enables several display formats to be defined.
If 20128.show cells is on, the fill-in appears outlined in dark blue.
4 res=20227.Data Field data field
Data fields are used when creating 20500.transforms. A data field is a text variable that specifies where the text marked in the source document will be placed in the destination document. Create a data field with the 10234.data field function or with the hotkey Ctrl+D. Press Ctrl+D again on an existing data field to easily access its setup dialog and define its behavior.
4 res=20221.Margin margin
The area outside the 20223.base text area to the edge of the paper is called the margin. There are several ways to manipulate margins:
Enter margin values in the 2500.layout dialog.
Display the cell structure by using the 20128.show cells speed button or the same option in the 2540.view dialog. Then 20940.size and 20990.move the base text area.
4 res=20222.Border border
Every 20223.text area can have a border. To create a border, use the 10245.border function and enter the appropriate values in the 4300.border dialog. Or invoke the 33903.pop-up menu and use the 19216.new border function.
4 res=20240.Tabmark tabmark
Tabmarks are used to force specified positions within the flow of characters:
Left-aligned columns
Right-aligned columns
Indentations
Tabmarks are created by setting a 20300.tabstop and jumping to that tabstop by pressing the Tab key. Or space the cursor to a desired position in the document and then press Ctrl+Tab.
Tabmarks are characters with a fixed horizontal position. As long as the text to the left of a tabmark does not extend to the tabmark's horizontal position, the tabmark forces its position on the next character. If the tabmark is pushed beyond its horizontal position by text inserted to its left, it has the effect of a space character of zero width (no visual effect).
Tabmarks are independent of tabstops. Tabstops with a horizontal setting equal to a tabmark can modify a tabmark's horizontal position and fill character.
Tabmarks are control points and are visible if 20129.show control points is on.
Tabmarks are also used to indent paragraphs. To indent a paragraph, a tabmark is given the additional function of an indent point. To make a tabmark an indent point, press Ctrl+Tab. Repeated pressing of Ctrl+Tab turns indent on and off. When defining tabstops in the horizontal ruler, the tabstop can be defined to create tabmarks with the quality of indent points. If you press Tab to jump to such a tabstop, an indent point is created.
Text written beyond the end of the line wraps around and indents at the position of the indent point (tabmark with the function of indent point). All subsequent lines are indented until a line is terminated with a carriage return.
4 res=33320.Selected Text selected text text, select modes
Clearlook has two select modes:
In 20229.flow select mode, you select one or more characters (or bitmaps). The selection is called flow text.
In 20228.area select mode, you select one or more 20225.text cells. The selection is called area text.
Selected text is an individual document object. When invoking a 33903.pop-up menu with the cursor or pointer positioned on selected text, a menu to manipulate selected text appears. Similar to the other 20220.document objects, you can move, size, delete and manipulate selected text.
5 res=20229.Flow Select flow select
Flow select mode lets you select text on a character by character basis. In this mode you select the actual text, the contents of a text cell. (In 20228.area select mode on the contrary, you select the text cells as a whole entity).
Text is selected in flow mode in any of these ways:
Press and hold down the left button of the pointing device and move the pointer over the text.
Press and hold down the key Shift and move the cursor over the text.
Call the 10226.flow select menu function or press the Shift+F3 keys and move the cursor over the text.
All characters (and bitmaps) between the starting and endpoint of the cursor or pointer movement are selected. Selected text appears inverted on a black background. This selection can extend beyond a single cell and comprise several cells.
Once text is selected, these operations can be performed:
33322.Move Flow Text
33324.Cut/Paste Flow Text
33330.Modify Selected Text
5 res=20228.Area Select area select
Area select mode lets you select text on a cell-by-cell basis. This mode selects the containers of the text, the 20225.text cells. (20229.Flow select mode, on the contrary, selects the contents of these containers, the characters in the text cells).
Text is selected in area mode in any of these ways:
Double click and hold the left button of the pointing device and move the pointer over the text cells.
Call the 10227.area select menu function or press the F3 key and move the cursor over the text.
When area select mode is invoked, a rectangle is displayed between the initial position and the actual position of the pointer (or cursor). All text cells that are touched by this rectangle are selected and appear inverted on a dark gray background. One cell is the smallest item that can be selected.
Area select mode allows you to operate on the container, the text cell, as well as its contents, the text. (By selecting the container, you also select its contents.)
Once text is selected, these operations can be performed:
33323.Move Area Text
33325.Cut/Paste Area Text
33330.Modify Selected Text
33332.Manipulate Text Cells
3 res=33321.Operations on Selected Text operations on selected text selected text, operations
33331.Placing Text Cells
33332.Manipulating Text Cells
33330.Modify Selected Text
In the following operations, the select mode is of significant importance on the way the selected text is treated:
33322.Flow Text: Move Selection
33324.Flow Text: Cut/Paste Selection
33323.Area Text: Move Selection
33325.Area Text: Cut/Paste Selection
4 res=33322.Move Flow Text move flow text
After selecting text in 20229.flow mode, the selected text appears inverted on a black background. If you move the pointer on the selected text, the move selection pointer CGSELGET.BMP
appears.
By pressing the left button of the pointing device, a place selection pointer CGSELPUT.BMP
appears. Keep the left button pressed, and move the pointer to any position in the document. When releasing the left button, the selected text is moved from its original position to the cursor position.
To abort the move, press the Esc key before releasing the left button, or place the pointer on the selected text and release the button.
Use this function to 33329.move the contents of several cells of a table at the same time.*
To move the contents of several cells at the same time, use the 33322.move flow text function. When moving the contents of several cells, the cell structure at the source and destination must correspond.
4 res=33323.Move Area Text move area text
After selecting text cells in 20228.area mode, the text cells appear inverted on a dark gray background. If you move the pointer on the selected text, the move selection pointer CGSELGET.BMP
appears.
By pressing the left button of the pointing device, an area placement pointer CGTBLRHT.BMP
appears. Keep the left button pressed, and move the pointer over the document. The shape of the pointer indicates where the selected text can be 33331.placed. When the left button is released, the selected cells move to the indicated position.
To abort the move, press the Esc key before releasing the left button, or place the pointer on the selected text and release the button.
Moving cells selected in area mode is used to change the position of cells with regard to each other. For example, to place a row of cells a few rows down, or to move a column of cells one or more columns to the right or left. Move a single cell with this feature or complete tables.
To move one or more cells horizontally without changing their position to other cells, use the functions to modify cells' 33332.position and size.
4 res=33331.Placing Text Cells placing text cells
When moving or pasting an area selection, or inserting new 20225.text cells, indicate the new cell position. 20201.Area placement pointers appear when the pointer is moved over the document. The shape of the pointer indicates where it is possible to drop cells.
Text cells are always placed in relation to an existing cell. Whenever dropping cells on the document, it must be on the right, left, top or bottom of an existing cell.
Top and bottom: Cells can always be placed on top or bottom of an existing cell or row of cells.
Left and right: Cells can be dropped on the left and right of an existing cell, if empty space is available on the respective side. Here 'empty space' refers to the absence of cells to the right or left of an existing cell.
Changes when dropped: If the width of cells dropped fits in the space, they are inserted without modification. If not, they are scaled proportionally to fit. If the width must be reduced beyond a cell's minimum width, the operation is aborted.
4 res=33332.Manipulating Text Cells text cells, manipulating table, modifying
To manipulate the position and size of 20225.text cells, the cell structure must be displayed by using the 20128.show cells speed button or the equivalent option in the 2540.view dialog.
Using the pointer, cells can be moved and sized horizontally. The vertical size of a cell automatically expands to the amount of text in the cell. If a group of cells is selected in 20228.area mode, they can be sized and moved just like a single cell:
33335.Manipulating a Single Text Cell
33336.Manipulating a Group of Text Cells
5 res=33335.Manipulating a Single Text Cell positioning text cells sizing text cells
Width: To change the width of a text cell, move the pointer to the right or left edge of the cell. When the 20946.sizing pointer appears, press the left button of the pointing device and set the width.
Position: To move a text cell horizontally, place the pointer on the top edge of the cell. When the 20941.moving pointer appears, press the left button of the pointing device and move the cell. A cell can be moved within the limits of its 20223.text area, and within the limits adjacent cells may impose. In other words, if you can see the cyan color of the text area on the left or right side of the cell, you can move the cell over that area. To create space, reduce the width of the cell, or adjacent cells.
5 res=33336.Manipulating a Group of Text Cells tables, size and position of cells
Just as you change width and position of a 33335.single text cell, you can modify a group of cells. To modify a group of cells, select the group in 20228.area mode.
Width manipulations:
To change the width of the group, move the pointer to the right or left edge of the outermost cell. When the 20946.sizing pointer appears, press the left button of the pointing device and set the width for the whole group. All cells in the group are resized proportionally.
Invoke the 33903.pop-up menu over the selected area, and set all the cells in the group to the same size with the 19252.shrink to smallest and 19251.grow to largest functions.
Position manipulations:
To move the group horizontally, place the pointer on the top edge of any of its cells. When the 20941.moving pointer appears, press the left button of the pointing device and move the group. Like a single cell, a group of cells is moved within the limits of their 20223.text area and within the limits adjacent cells may impose. In other words, if you see the cyan color of the text area on the left or right side of the group, you can move the cells over that area. To create space, reduce the width of the group or the width of adjacent cells.
To reduce the width of one column and at the same time increase the width of an adjacent column, position the pointer on the meeting edge of the two columns. Then press the left button to change the size of the outlined cell. All cells in both columns are set to reflect the change indicated on the one cell.
Invoke the pop-up menu over the selected area and use the 19253.align left and 19254.align right functions to align the group of cells (set up as a column) with the outermost left or right edge of the selected cells.
4 res=33340.Clipboard Operations cut/paste flow text
When text is selected in 20229.flow or 20228.area mode, the following clipboard operations are available:
Press the 20124.Cut speedbar button or the Shift+Delete keys to remove selected text from your document and copy it to the clipboard.
Use the Ctrl+Delete keys to remove selected text from your document, without altering the contents of the clipboard.
Use the 20126.Copy speedbar button or the Ctrl+Insert keys to copy selected text to the clipboard.
Use the 20125.Paste speedbar button or the Shift+Insert keys to paste text from the clipboard to your document.
Text copied to the clipboard in flow mode pastes back in flow mode. Text copied to the clipboard in area mode pastes back in area mode.
Further information:
33324.Cut/Paste Flow Text
33325.Cut/Paste Area Text
5 res=33324.Cut/Paste Flow Text cut/paste flow text
Cut: When text is selected in 20229.flow mode, a clipboard cut operation removes the selected text from the cell. The structure of cells is not changed, but their height may decrease, because there is less text in them.
Paste: If you use the 20125.Paste speedbar button, a 20214.flow selection pointer appears. Move the pointer to the position and press the left button of the pointing device. This inserts the clipboard contents at the cursor position.
If you use the Shift+Insert keys to paste, the clipboard text is immediately inserted at the cursor position.
If the clipboard contains the flow text of several text cells, the special considerations for 33329.moving table contents apply.(
5 res=33325.Cut/Paste Area Text cut/paste area text
Cut: When text is selected in 20228.area mode, a clipboard cut operation removes selected text cells and its text from the document.
Paste: When pasting area text from the clipboard, you are prompted to specify where the cells are 33331.placed.
4 res=33330.Modifying Selected Text modifying selected text
You can change the alignment of text as well as the font attributes on text selected in 20229.flow and 20228.area mode. Clearlook uses these modes to distinguish between operations on the content of cells (flow mode) and operations on the container of text, the cells (area mode).
Since these two modes are available, they perform powerful functions when modifying text:
Modifying text in flow mode forces all selected text to the new setting, clearing out old setting.
Modifying text in area mode changes all settings that correspond to the values at the cursor position, other settings remain unaltered.
Here an example line: 'Bold and italic, to clearly show how Clearlook works!'
Flow mode: If this entire line is selected in flow mode and the font style is changed from bold to italic, the line will look like this: 'Bold and italic, to clearly show how Clearlook works!'
Area mode: If the text cell containing this line is selected in area mode, the cursor placed on the word 'Bold' and the font style changed from bold to italic, then the line will look like this: 'Bold and italic, to clearly show how Clearlook works!'
Notice that only the two bold words ('Bold' and 'clearly') were changed to italic, the rest of the line unaltered.
Styles Overview styles overview text styles
Any selected text may have its font attributes altered, one attribute at a time. This process may be sufficient for minor alterations, but tedious when many different text styles are used over and over again. An example is a document such as this User Guide where the same style is used repeatedly throughout the document for chapter titles, section headers, and normal text. You can define a Text Style (different from a Font Style) to include default attributes, name this style what you wish, and assign it to any selected text.
A style is a collection of text attributes.
Instead of applying several text attributes to the same portion of text, you may define a style and apply the style to those portions of text. If you use Helvetia, 16 apt, Underscore in several parts of a document for example, you may either apply these three attributes wherever needed, or define a style set to these three attributes and apply the style to your text, which is just one item to handle.
An additional advantage of styles is their ease to change, add and remove additional attributes in the style definition, causing all portions of text with that style to appear in the new setting. (You can achieve the same by area selecting the document and changing individual text attributes).
Text is set to the new style according to the scope rules.
Style Creation style creation
The Text Style pull-down menu is located under the Text Styles speedbar button, as shown in figure 5-1.
Figure 5-1 Text Styles Speedbar Button Icon
The pull-down menu includes a CREATE NEW menu item to pop-up the Style Definition dialog as seen in figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2 Style Definition Dialog
In this dialog, the following fields can have values defined:
Name any string of up to 40 characters to name the style, your reference only
Typeface Font Typeface; selection list of available fonts
Style Font Style; regular, bold, italic, bold-italic, etc.
Size Font Point Size;
Lining Text Lining Options; underscore, strike-out, etc.
Position Character Position Option; subscript, superscript, captials, etc.
Color Text Color
Marking Data Marking
Alignment Text Aligmnent; left, center, right, etc.
You may combine conventional attribute settings and styles in any manner. Clearlook's styles have a look-through feature for every attribute. An attribute is set to look-through, when a dashed line appears as setting (or a value of zero for size). To use a style for a variety of colors for example, set color to look-through. The conventional attribute settings for color will then also affect the 'styled' portions of text. If color is set to red in the style, all 'styled' text parts appear in red independent of other color attributes set in the stream of characters.
For any field where dashes are specified, the dashes may remain, indicating the attribute is set to look-through and will display in the conventionally set attribute. An example of this is leaving the Style field to dashes so some text within the scope of the Text Style may be selected and set to BOLD. If a value set (even none is a value here), a conventionally set style attribute does not affect styled text.
Styles can be conveniently used to collapse portions of text. Set the lining in the style definition no-print. This causes all of the portions of text set to that particular style to disappear. The collapsed text is visible if show cells is on. See the no-print attribute for more information.
After a text style has been defined, it appears in the pull-down menu for the current document along with the styles of other open documents. Styles belonging to other documents are preceded by an asterisk as shown in Figure 5-3. These auto-imported styles may be selected, altered in this document, or assigned to text. On a repeated open of the document, any assigned styles will continue to appear without the asterisk, any un-assigned styles will be dropped from the pull-down menu.L
Style Update Style Update
All styles defined in the active document and all open documents are displayed. Styles belonging to other documents are shown with an asterisk (*) as shown in 5-3. To update an existing text style definition, press the Ctrl key after the pointer has selected the style on the pull-down menu.
Figure 5-3 Text Styles Pull-down with Imported Styles
The style definition dialog will appear with the current set values displayed. An example is shown in figure 5-4.
Figure 5-4 Style Definition With Pull-Down List
In figure 5-4, the Alignment selection list is shown with the dashes selected. Text set to this style obeys conventional alignment settings.
If text at the cursor position is set to a style, the style's name is displayed on the infobar.
Two things make Tabs work: Tabstops and 20240.Tabmarks.
Tabstops are 20302.set in the 20160.horizontal ruler. Each text cell has its own set of tabstops that appear in the ruler when the cursor is moved into the cell. Press the Tab key to move the cursor to the right. A tabstop encountered stops the cursor at that position and inserts a 20240.tabmark in the text.
The tabmark positions the text. The tabstop is a creator of tabmarks. When moving tabmarks, the tabstop is a handle on tabmarks that have the same horizontal position as the tabstop.
By moving tabstops, all corresponding tabmarks are moved. By changing the fill character of a tabstop, the filling for all corresponding tabmarks is changed. By removing a tabstop, no change occurs to the tabmarks.
When moving text between cells or documents using cut and paste, the tabmarks remain in the text and maintain their position without corresponding tabstops in the destination cell. To move tabmarks that have no corresponding tabstops, place the cursor on a tabmark and create a new tabstop by pressing the Alt+'+' keys (the Alt key and the Plus key). Moving the newly created tabstop also moves the tabmarks accordingly.2
3 res=20302.Setting Tabstops tabstops, setting
Default tabstops are created in a new document at the distance defined in the Tabstop Preference Setting as shown in figure 5-5.
Figure 5-5 Default Tab Spacing
Click on the left button of the pointing device on the 20160.horizontal ruler or access the 10247.tabstop menu function to create a tabstop. Tabstops are displayed as red diamonds in the ruler and belong to the 20225.text cell in which they were created. Each cell of a document can have its own tabstop setting.
Figure 5-6 Tabstops on the Ruler
Click on an existing tabstop with the left button, and keep the button pressed while moving it to displace the tabstop. Press the right button to invoke the 2890.tabstop dialog, to set type, position, behavior and fill character.
Accessing the 10247.tabstop menu function on an existing tabstop also activates the tabstop dialog.
Figure 5-7 Tabstop Settings Dialog
3 res=20303.Types of Tabstops tabstops, types tabstops, left, right aligned
Left-aligned tabstops appear as solid diamonds in the 20160.horizontal ruler and create left-aligned 20240.tabmarks in the document. Left-aligned tabmarks appear as solid, downward pointing red triangles in the document, when 20129.show control points is turned on. A left-aligned tabmark behaves like a single space character with varying width in the flow of characters. If overwrite is turned on, and the cursor is moved over the tabmark, the 'extra wide space character' is visible.
Figure 5-8 Right-Aligned Tabstop on the Ruler
Right-aligned tabstops appear as outlined diamonds in the horizontal ruler and create right-aligned tabmarks in the document. The beginning of a right-aligned region appears as a red vertical line similar to an apostrophe. The tabmark at the end of the right-aligned region appears as a solid, red triangle, when 20129.show control points is turned on. All text typed on a right aligned-tabmark moves left, until a space character is entered.
Tabmarks can also indent paragraphs. Press the Ctrl+Tab keys on an existing tabmark to create an indent point, or check Indent Point in the 2890.tabstop dialog to automatically create tabmarks that indent.
2 res=20400.Footnotes and Endnotes footnotes endnotes notes
Footnotes and endnotes are text parts that refer to specific points in a document. Clearlook offers fully-automated footnotes and endnotes, referred to as notes.
Functional elements used to manage notes:
20410.Notes Sub-Document
20411.Note Creation
20412.Note Number
20420.Importing Notes
The Tools pull-down menu contains all the note functions as shown in figure 5-9.,
Notes are edited and stored in a sub-document. Every Clearlook document has as sub-document. It is tightly linked to the main document and stored on disk in the same file. Access the sub-document any time with the 10274.edit notes function. To switch between the main document and the sub-document use the Alt+2 hotkeys.
3 res=20411.Note Creation note creation
You can create notes while composing your document by calling the 10273.create notes function or pressing the Ctrl+N hotkeys. A 20412.note number is inserted at the cursor position. A new text cell is created in the sub-document with the same note number. Editing is switched to the sub-document to conveniently enter the note's text. To switch back to the main document, press Alt+2.
To set a particular font for all notes while creating them, set the font in the first cell of the sub-document. Whenever a new note is created, its font settings are copied from the first cell of the notes.
Each note in the sub-document must have its own text cell. If several notes are copied into one text cell, it is considered the text for one single note, regardless of the multiple reference numbers contained in the cell.
You can create text cells without note numbers in the sub-document. These cells are ignored by the 10275.make footnotes or 10276.make endnotes functions. Use this to store any information about the document in the sub-document.7
3 res=20412.Note Number note number
A note number consists of two parts:
20413.Temporary Number
20414.Reference Number
4 res=20413.Temporary Number temporary number
The temporary number is created by the system when using the 10275.make footnotes and 10276.make endnotes functions.
The temporary number is displayed when 20128.show cells is off. It is always used when printing.
4 res=20414.Reference Number reference number
The reference number creates the link between the main body of the text and the note, and is created with the note. The system issues incremental values for reference numbers. To automatically position all notes, a document must not contain duplicate reference numbers.
The reference number is displayed when 20128.show cells is on and is marked with a leading slash (/).
Though note numbers are created automatically, you can access them directly to manipulate the link between a note in the sub-document and the note number in the main body of text. Press Ctrl+N with the cursor positioned on an existing number, and the 2170.note number dialog appears. Manually set the reference number and temporary number. By manually setting the reference number in the main body of the text as well as in the note contained in the sub-document, you link any note to any desired position in the text. When manually editing note numbers, it is the user's responsibility not to create duplicate reference numbers.
3 res=20420.Importing Notes importing notes
Once a document is composed, notes appear in the main body of the document by using the 10275.make footnotes and 10276.make endnotes functions.
Make footnotes creates a layered text area at the bottom of each page with reference numbers, imports the notes belonging to the page from the sub-document and assigns temporary numbers in ascending order for each page.
Make endnotes imports the notes, places them at the end of the document, and sets the temporary numbers in ascending order.
Use these two functions to recreate the appropriate appearance of the notes. Make any note changes in the sub-document, since the imported notes are discarded whenever the make functions are used.
Remove the imported notes from the main document by using the 10276.remove notes function.2
2 res=20500.Transforms and Markings
The creation of tables-of-content, indices, mail merge, and many other uses of word processing have one similar characteristic: They function by transforming selected parts of a document into another arrangement.
Clearlook offers transforms and markings to achieve this, and uses these functional elements:
20510.Source Document
20520.Markings
20530.Transform Document
20540.Data Fields
20550.Destination Document
3 res=20510.Source Document source document
The source document is the starting point of a transform. It contains the text to be transformed. For a table-of-content it is the document containing the actual chapters and text, for mail merge it is the document containing the addresses.
Always access the 10278.transform function from the source document.
3 res=20520.Markings markings
Markings are text attributes similar to underscore. Just as you underscore important portions of text, place markings on specific portions of text. Selected text is marked via the 10230.marking function, the equivalent speedbar button, or the Ctrl+M hotkeys.
A marking sets marked text to a specific value, the marking value. By setting a portion of text to a specific value, it can be referenced by the system, copied out of the source document and used in further operations. Markings' values and names are defined by the user in the 62200.setup window.
For a table-of-contents, the chapters' heading might be set to the (predefined) marking Content. To create an index of a book, the keywords to appear in the index could be set to the marking Index. In a document that is used as database of addresses, each address could be marked as follows:
Miller set to marking Name, value 400
John set to marking First Name, value 410
781 Park Avenue set to marking Street, value 430
Springfield set to marking City, value 440
VA set to marking State, value 450
The edit window containing the source document with these markings is shown in figure 5-10.B
Figure 5-10 Address Markings in Edit Window
3 res=20530.Transform Document transform document
The transform document defines how the marked portions of text in the source document are used and combined. Consider the transform document as a sample of the output you wish to create.
Insert 20540.data fields in the transform document in the locations for the marked portions of text from the source document.
During a transform, the system runs through the following cycle:
Read 20520.markings in the source document
Fill markings into the data fields of the transform
Copy the transform to the destination document
Loop through the cycle if any markings are left in the source
The transform is copied to its destination when all data fields are filled, or when a marking with a value previously used in the cycle is encountered.
In a source document (for example with addresses) that does not have markings for every cycle for all data fields in the transform, the system may be unable to determine the end of one address and the beginning of the next address. In such situations, add the end of record marking at the end of such addresses.5
3 res=20540.Data Fields data fields
A data field is a text variable. During the transform, the data field is replaced with the source document's marking with a value identical to the data field number.
When preparing a letter for mail merge, you might start out like this:
Dear
FIELD.BMP,
For every letter created, this line contains the first name of the person:
Dear John,
The process of transform takes the marking with value 100 and fills the data field with number 100. In the 2801.data field dialog, a variety of options can be set for a data field. Create data fields with fixed or variable length, as well as data fields that disappear if empty. When the system removes a variable length data field, it can automatically remove a specified number of characters to the right or left of the data field.&
The destination document is a new, unnamed document created by the 10278.transform function, and contains one or more copies of the 20530.transform document. The data fields of these documents are replaced with the markings of the 20510.source document.
2 res=20600.Spell Checking and Thesaurus
Spell checking is a process of verifying the words of your document. Since each language uses different words, there is a separate set of word lists for every language. You tell the system which language files to use in the language setting in the 2500.layout dialog.
If a document contains several languages, or consists of parts that will not be checked, set a different language for these cells.
To spell check user-specific words, Clearlook offers a user lexicon.
20610.Spell Checking
20620.User Lexicon
20625.Temporary Word List
20630.Hyphenation
20640.Thesaurus
3 res=20610.Spell Checking spell checking
Spell check your documents while typing or after they are composed. To check while typing, select the 10293.check typing function or press the 20123.spell checker icon in the speedbar, or use the F4 hotkey. If Check Typing is turned on, Clearlook verifies spelling as soon as the word is typed.
To check the entire document, call the 10291.check document or 10292.check from cursor function. All words are checked against the word lists. Unknown words and possible correct spellings are listed. While choosing the correct spelling for a word, Clearlook keeps checking the rest of the document, keeping count of all unknown words and their position.,
3 res=20620.User Lexicon user lexicon
Not all words specific to various professions or different groups of people are contained in the general word lists. Therefore, Clearlook offers a user lexicon for special words.
20621.User Lexicon Path
20622.Shorthand Word Pairs
20623.Merging User Lexica
4 res=20621.User Lexicon Path user lexicon, path
The user lexicon is viewed and edited like a text document. The user lexicon for US English has the file name ENG.USR. User lexica are stored in the path \CL\BIN\LNG. The status window contains an icon to directly access the user lexicon.
4 res=20622.Shorthand Word Pairs shorthand word pairs
The user lexicon is also used to create word pairs for automatic insertion. If 10293.check typing is on, Clearlook searches the user lexicon for pairs of words for every word you type. The pair 'cl;Clearlook' is in the default user lexicon. If check typing is on, typing 'cl' inserts the word 'Clearlook'. You can define any number of shorthand pairs.
4 res=20623.Merging User Lexica merging user lexica user lexica, merging
To combine several existing lexica into one, copy all words they contain into one document and save it. When saving a user lexicon, the system automatically removes duplicates.
The user lexicon is always sorted in phonetic alphabetical order. Regardless of the order words are entered, the new sort order is displayed when reactivating the user lexicon.
3 res=20625.Temporary Word List temporary word list
A temporary word list is maintained, for unrecognized words you do not want to add to the userlist. You can add words to the temporary word list while checking. These words are recognized to the end of the document. When spell checking is turned off or the application exited, the temporary word list is cleared.
3 res=20640.Thesaurus thesaurus
Activate the thesaurus by pressing the Ctrl+F4 hotkeys anywhere in your document. If the cursor is positioned on a word, the word is selected by the thesaurus. You may also call the thesaurus from the status window. The setup of the thesaurus object allows for language specification. Create multiple objects for thesauri with different language settings.
When a word is found in the thesaurus, it provides a list of meanings. For each meaning a list of synonyms, compared words, related words, contrasted words and antonyms may be available.
(.txt)