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- .SC "A Large Example"
- .PP
- Here is the complete source for the three display equations
- in the abstract of this guide.
- .sp
- .nf
- .ps -2
- .vs -2
- .EQ I
- G(z)~mark =~ e sup { ln ~ G(z) }
- ~=~ exp left (
- sum from k>=1 {S sub k z sup k} over k right )
- ~=~ prod from k>=1 e sup {S sub k z sup k /k}
- .EN
- .EQ I
- lineup = left ( 1 + S sub 1 z +
- { S sub 1 sup 2 z sup 2 } over 2! + ... right )
- left ( 1+ { S sub 2 z sup 2 } over 2
- + { S sub 2 sup 2 z sup 4 } over { 2 sup 2 cdot 2! }
- + ... right ) ...
- .EN
- .EQ I
- lineup = sum from m>=0 left (
- sum from
- pile { k sub 1 ,k sub 2 ,..., k sub m >=0
- above
- k sub 1 +2k sub 2 + ... +mk sub m =m}
- { S sub 1 sup {k sub 1} } over {1 sup k sub 1 k sub 1 ! } ~
- { S sub 2 sup {k sub 2} } over {2 sup k sub 2 k sub 2 ! } ~
- ...
- { S sub m sup {k sub m} } over {m sup k sub m k sub m ! }
- right ) z sup m
- .EN
- .sp
- .fi
- .ps +2
- .vs +2
- .SC "Keywords, Precedences, Etc."
- .PP
- If you don't use braces,
- .UC EQN
- will
- do operations in the order shown in this list.
- .P1 3
- .ft I
- dyad vec under bar tilde hat dot dotdot
- fwd back down up
- fat roman italic bold size
- sub sup sqrt over
- from to
- .ft R
- .P2
- These operations group to the left:
- .P1
- .ft I
- over sqrt left right
- .ft R
- .P2
- All others group to the right.
- .PP
- Digits, parentheses, brackets, punctuation marks, and these mathematical words
- are converted
- to Roman font when encountered:
- .P1
- sin cos tan sinh cosh tanh arc
- max min lim log ln exp
- Re Im and if for det
- .P2
- These character sequences are recognized and translated as shown.
- .sp
- .nf
- .tr -\(mi
- .in .5i
- .ta 1i
- >= $>=$
- <= $<=$
- == $==$
- != $!=$
- +- $+-$
- -> $->$
- <- $<-$
- << $<<$
- >> $>>$
- inf $inf$
- partial $partial$
- half $half$
- prime $prime$
- approx $approx$
- nothing $nothing$
- cdot $cdot$
- times $times$
- del $del$
- grad $grad$
- \&... $...$
- ,..., $,...,$
- sum $sum$
- .sp 3p
- int $int$
- .sp 2p
- prod $prod$
- union $union$
- inter $inter$
- .sp
- .in
- .fi
- .tr --
- .PP
- To obtain Greek letters,
- simply spell them out in whatever case you want:
- .sp
- .nf
- .in .2i
- .ta .7i 1.4i 2.1i
- DELTA $DELTA$ iota $iota$
- GAMMA $GAMMA$ kappa $kappa$
- LAMBDA $LAMBDA$ lambda $lambda$
- OMEGA $OMEGA$ mu $mu$
- PHI $PHI$ nu $nu$
- PI $PI$ omega $omega$
- PSI $PSI$ omicron $omicron$
- SIGMA $SIGMA$ phi $phi$
- THETA $THETA$ pi $pi$
- UPSILON $UPSILON$ psi $psi$
- XI $XI$ rho $rho$
- alpha $alpha$ sigma $sigma$
- beta $beta$ tau $tau$
- chi $chi$ theta $theta$
- delta $delta$ upsilon $upsilon$
- epsilon $epsilon$ xi $xi$
- eta $eta$ zeta $zeta$
- gamma $gamma$
- .sp
- .in
- .fi
- .PP
- These are all the words known to
- .UC EQN
- (except for characters with names),
- together with the section where they are discussed.
- .sp
- .nf
- .in .2i
- .ta .7i 1.4i 2.1i
- above 17, 18 lpile 17
- back 21 mark 15
- bar 13 matrix 18
- bold 12 ndefine 20
- ccol 18 over 9
- col 18 pile 17
- cpile 17 rcol 18
- define 20 right 16
- delim 19 roman 12
- dot 13 rpile 17
- dotdot 13 size 12
- down 21 sqrt 10
- dyad 13 sub 7
- fat 12 sup 7
- font 12 tdefine 20
- from 11 tilde 13
- fwd 21 to 11
- gfont 12 under 13
- gsize 12 up 21
- hat 13 vec 13
- italic 12 ~, ^ 4, 6
- lcol 18 { } 8
- left 16 "..." 8, 14
- lineup 15
- .sp
- .in 0
- .fi
- .SC Troubleshooting
- .PP
- If you make a mistake in an equation,
- like leaving out a brace (very common)
- or having one too many (very common)
- or having a
- .ul
- sup
- with nothing before it (common),
- .UC EQN
- will tell you with the message
- .P1 2
- .ft I
- syntax error between lines x and y, file z
- .ft R
- .P2
- where
- .ul
- x
- and
- .ul
- y
- are approximately the lines
- between which the trouble occurred, and
- .ul
- z
- is the name
- of the file in question.
- The line numbers are approximate _ look nearby as well.
- There are also self-explanatory messages that arise if you leave out a quote
- or try to run
- .UC EQN
- on a non-existent file.
- .PP
- If you want to check a document before actually printing it
- (on
- .UC UNIX
- only),
- .P1
- eqn files >/dev/null
- .P2
- will
- throw away the output but print the messages.
- .PP
- If you use something like dollar signs as delimiters,
- it is easy to leave one out.
- This causes very strange troubles.
- The program
- .ul
- checkeq
- (on
- .UC GCOS ,
- use
- .ul
- \&./checkeq
- instead)
- checks for misplaced or missing dollar signs
- and similar troubles.
- .PP
- In-line equations can only be so big
- because of an internal buffer in
- .UC TROFF .
- If you get a message
- ``word overflow'',
- you have exceeded this limit.
- If you print the equation as a displayed equation
- this message will usually go away.
- The message
- ``line overflow''
- indicates you have exceeded an even bigger buffer.
- The only cure for this is to break the equation into two separate ones.
- .PP
- On a related topic,
- .UC EQN
- does not break equations by itself _
- you must split long equations up across multiple lines
- by yourself,
- marking each by a separate
- .UC .EQ
- \&...\&
- .UC .EN
- sequence.
- .UC EQN
- does warn about equations that are too long
- to fit on one line.
-