home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- .th DD I 5/15/74
- .sh NAME
- dd \*- convert and copy a file
- .sh SYNOPSIS
- .bd dd
- [option=value] ...
- .sh DESCRIPTION
- .it Dd
- copies the specified input file
- to the specified output with
- possible conversions.
- The standard input and output are used by default.
- The input and output block size may be
- specified to take advantage of raw physical I/O.
- .s3
- .ft I
- .lp +15 15
- option values
- .ft R
- .lp +15 15
- if= input file name; standard input is default
- .lp +15 15
- of= output file name; standard output is default
- .lp +15 15
- ibs= input block size (default 512)
- .lp +15 15
- obs= output block size (default 512)
- .lp +15 15
- bs= set both input and output block size,
- superseding
- .it ibs
- and
- .it obs;
- also, if no conversion is specified,
- it is particularly efficient since no copy need be done
- .lp +15 15
- cbs=\fIn\fR conversion buffer size
- .lp +15 15
- skip=\fIn\fR skip \fIn\fR input records before starting copy
- .lp +15 15
- count=\fIn\fR copy only \fIn\fR input records
- .lp +15 15
- conv=ascii convert EBCDIC to ASCII
- .lp +15 10
- ebcdic convert ASCII to EBCDIC
- .lp +15 10
- lcase map alphabetics to lower case
- .lp +15 10
- ucase map alphabetics to upper case
- .lp +15 10
- swab swap every pair of bytes
- .lp +15 10
- noerror do not stop processing on an error
- .lp +15 10
- sync pad every input record to \fIibs\fR
- .lp +15 10
- .li
- ... , ... several comma-separated conversions
- .i0
- .s3
- .fi
- Where sizes are specified,
- a number of bytes is expected.
- A number may end with
- .bd "k, b"
- or
- .bd w
- to specify multiplication by
- 1024, 512, or 2 respectively.
- Also a pair of numbers may be separated by
- .bd x
- to indicate a product.
- .s3
- .it Cbs
- is used only if
- .it ascii
- or
- .it ebcdic
- conversion is specified.
- In the former case
- .it cbs
- characters are placed into the conversion buffer, converted to
- ASCII, and trailing blanks trimmed and new-line added
- before sending the line to the output.
- In the latter case ASCII characters are read into the
- conversion buffer, converted to EBCDIC, and blanks added
- to make up an
- output record of size
- .it cbs.
- .s3
- After completion,
- .it dd
- reports the number of whole and partial input and output
- blocks.
- .s3
- For example, to read an EBCDIC tape blocked ten 80-byte
- EBCDIC card images per record into the ASCII file
- .it x:
- .s3
- dd if=/dev/rmt0 of=x ibs=800 cbs=80 conv=ascii,lcase
- .s3
- Note the use of raw magtape.
- .it Dd
- is especially suited to I/O on the raw
- physical devices because it allows reading
- and writing in arbitrary record sizes.
- .sh "SEE ALSO"
- cp (I)
- .sh BUGS
- The ASCII/EBCDIC conversion tables are
- taken
- from the 256 character standard in
- the CACM Nov, 1968.
- It is not clear how this relates to real life.
- .s3
- Newlines are inserted only on conversion to ASCII;
- padding is done only on conversion to EBCDIC.
- There should be separate options.
-