ftp.barnyard.co.uk/2015.02.ftp.barnyard.co.uk.tar/ftp.barnyard.co.uk/cpm/walnut-creek-CDROM/MBUG/MBUG028.ARC/LU.DOC

Text File | 1979-12-31 | 28KB | 517 lines

.foLU.DOC                                                               page #


                   Documentation for LU.COM and LRUN.COM 

Thi≤á  documen⌠á applie≤á t∩á versioε 2.1░ oµ LU.CO═á anΣá versioεá 2.░á oµ ì
LRUN.COM«

              Copyright (c) 1982, 1983 by Gary P. Novosielski
                           All rights reserved.

       Permission  is  hereby  granted  to copy and distribute this
       document  for  any  non-commercial  purpose. Any use of this
       material  for  commercial  advantage  without  prior written
       consent of the author is prohibited.



                               INTRODUCTION 

Librar∙á  Utilit∙á  (LU⌐á  i≤  ß  prograφ t∩ allo≈ combininτá oµá multilplσ ì
file≤  int∩  onσ  large≥  file«á  I⌠ require≤ CP/═ versioε 2.░ o≥ highe≥ t∩ ì
run«

Versioε  2.1░  replace≤  versioε 1.11«á Thσ majo≥ revisioε i≤ thσ  additioε  ì
oµ  thσ  -c¼á  -⌡  anΣ  -°  operators¼á anΣ thσ expansioε  oµ  thσ  operanΣ  ì
synta°á  t∩á  includσ use≥ numbe≥ specification¼á  anΣ  t∩á allo≈á multiplσ ì
commanΣ input≤ oε onσ line«  Majo≥ revision≤ arσ markeΣ witΦ ß vertica∞ ba≥ ì
iε thσ lef⌠ margin«

Thσá  director∙  informatioε  iε  aε L╒ stylσ librar∙ i≤ containeΣá iεá thσ ì
samσá filσá a≤ thσ data¼á o≥ membe≥ files«á Thσ amoun⌠  oµ  spacσá  t∩á  bσ ì
allocateΣ t∩ thσ director∙ mus⌠ bσ specifieΣ b∙ thσ use≥ wheε ß ne≈ librar∙ ì
i≤ created¼ bu⌠ caε bσ  changeΣ  wheε  thσ filσ i≤ reorganized« Thσ sizσ oµ ì
eacΦá director∙ entr∙ i≤ 3▓ bytes¼á whicΦ mean≤ eacΦ fou≥ director∙ entrie≤  ì
takσá  u≡  onσ secto≥ oµ thσ librar∙ file«á Currentl∙ onl∙  1╢á  byte≤á  oµ ì
eacΦ entr∙ arσ used¼ witΦ 1╢ byte≤ beinτ reserveΣ  fo≥  usσ  witΦ  possiblσ  ì
futurσá enhancements«á Thσá director∙á  itselµ use≤ onσ entr∙á fo≥á contro∞ ì
information¼á s∩ thσ  numbe≥  oµ  director∙ sector≤ needeΣ fo≥ ß librar∙ oµ ì
φ member≤ i≤ (φ ½ 1⌐ » 4¼ roundeΣ u≡ t∩ thσ nex⌠ wholσ number«
Thσ use≥ neeΣ no⌠ bσ concerneΣ witΦ thi≤ discussion¼ a≤ director∙  sizσ  i≤ ì
calculateΣá b∙ thσ program«á Al∞ director∙ size≤  arσ  inpu⌠ anΣ outpu⌠á iε ì
term≤á oµ entries¼á eacΦ entr∙ beinτ ß potentia∞ membe≥ file«á Thσá prograφ ì
adjust≤ director∙ sizσ t∩ aε integra∞ numbe≥ oµ sectors«
LRUN.CO═ i≤ ß smal∞ prograφ whicΦ allow≤ runninτ ß .CO═ (objec⌠ code⌐á filσ ì
membe≥á directl∙á froφá an∙á library¼á withou⌠ havinτ t∩ extrac⌠á i⌠á t∩á ß ì
separatσ disδ file«


                            WHY USE LIBRARIES? 

First¼á  ßá librar∙ filσ usuall∙ take≤ u≡ les≤ spacσ thaε thσ tota∞ oµá thσ ì
individua∞ membe≥ file≤ whicΦ wen⌠ int∩ it« Thσ  reasoε  fo≥  thi≤  i≤ tha⌠ ì
CP/═á allocate≤ disδ spacσ iε fixeΣ  block≤  o≥ groups¼á typicall∙ 2δ byte≤ ì
each«á An∙á spacσá afte≥  thσ  las⌠  secto≥  oµ  ß filσ u≡ t∩ thσá nex⌠á 2δ ì
blocδ boundar∙ i≤ wasted«á Thσ samσ file≤ iε ß librar∙ usσ onl∙ thσá numbe≥ ì
oµ sector≤ the∙ actuall∙ need¼á anΣ thougΦ thσ librar∙ itselµ  ma∙  havσ  ß  ì
partiall∙á wasteΣá blocδá a⌠á thσ end¼á anΣá require≤á   somσá  spacσá  fo≥  ì
director∙á  informatioε  a⌠  thσ beginning¼á  thσ  ne⌠  effec⌠  i≤  usuall∙  ì
ß savinτ oµ tota∞ space«á  Thσ  bes⌠ result≤ arσ seeε wheε man∙ smal∞ file≤ ì
arσ combined into one library. èSecond¼á  ßá librar∙á filσá make≤á mos⌠ efficien⌠á usσá oµá thσá CP/═á disδ ì
directory¼á sincσá i⌠ i≤ treateΣ a≤ onl∙ onσ filσ b∙ CP/═ regardles≤ oµ ho≈ ì
man∙ member≤ i⌠ contains«
Third¼  librarie≤  caε  aiΣ iε transferrinτ package≤ oµ softwarσ  froφ  onσ ì
systeφ t∩ anothe≥ usinτ XMODEM«á Onl∙ onσ filσ  i≤ transferred¼ eliminatinτ ì
thσ neeΣ t∩ ruε thσ XMODE═ transfe≥  prograφ severa∞ times¼á thσ chancσá oµ ì
overlookinτ ß needeΣ  file¼á anΣ thσ problem≤ oµ naminτ conflicts¼ (sucΦ a≤ ì
READ.M┼ files⌐ amonτ unrelateΣ packages«


                          WHY NOT USE LIBRARIES? 

Therσ   arσ  somσ  ver∙  gooΣ  reason≤  fo≥  no⌠  usinτ libraries«
Fo≥á onσ thing¼á file≤ withiε ß librar∙ arσ no⌠ availablσ t∩  mos⌠ "normaló ì
programs«á Iµ ß frequentl∙ accesseΣ filσ i≤ placeΣ  iε  ß library¼á i⌠ wil∞ ì
havσá t∩ bσ extracteΣ froφ thσ librar∙  t∩  it≤  free-standinτá counterpar⌠ ì
beforσá i⌠á caεá bσ useΣ  b∙  mos⌠ programs«á (.CO═á file≤á arσá ßá notablσ ì
exceptioεá t∩á  this¼á  becausσ  oµ thσ availabilit∙ oµ thσá LRU╬á command¼ ì
covereΣ later.⌐
Librarie≤á  caε  actuall∙  wastσ disδ space«á Wheε ß disδ filσ  i≤á erased¼ ì
CP/═ return≤ thσ spacσ formerl∙ useΣ b∙ thσ filσ  t∩  thσ  freσ  spacσ poo∞ ì
fo≥á usσá b∙ ne≈ files«á Wheε ß membe≥  filσ  i≤  deleteΣ  froφá ßá librar∙ ì
however¼á thσá spacσ previousl∙  occupieΣ b∙ thσ filσ i≤ no⌠á useable«á Thσ ì
librar∙ mus⌠  bσ  reorganizeΣ  t∩ makσ thi≤ spacσ availablσ t∩ CP/M«á Whilσ  ì
thi≤  i≤  eas∙  t∩  d∩ witΦ thσ L╒ program¼á i⌠ i≤ no⌠ automatic¼á  anΣ  iµ ì
thσá situatioεá i≤á ignored¼á largσá area≤á oµá disδá caεá bσá tieΣá u≡á a≤ ì
unproductivσ "deaΣ space"«


                      HOW TO USE THE LIBRARY UTILITY 

L╒  ha≤ tw∩ maiε method≤ oµ operation║á interactive¼ anΣ paramete≥  driven« ì
Iεá  paramete≥  driveε  mode¼á thσ prograφ take≤  it≤  commanΣ  input≤ froφ ì
thσá commanΣ linσ wheε i⌠ i≤ firs⌠  invoked¼á anΣ wheε thσ entirσ linσá ha≤ ì
beeε processed¼ executioε ends«
Iε  interactivσ  mode¼  thσ  prograφ  take≤ it≤ commanΣ input≤  froφ onσ o≥ ì
morσá inpu⌠ line≤ froφ thσ standarΣ inpu⌠ devicσ  (typicall∙ thσá console)« ì
Wheεá al∞á thσ commanΣ input≤ havσ  beeεá  processed¼á  thσá prograφá read≤ ì
anothe≥ line« Thi≤ proces≤ caε bσ repeateΣ a≤ lonτ a≤ necessary«
Inpu⌠  froφ disδ files¼á ├ prograφ "pipes"¼á anΣ thσ XSU┬ facilit∙ arσ als∩ ì
supporteΣ fo≥ morσ advanceΣ applications«
Interactivσ  modσ  i≤  probabl∙  thσ bes⌠ wa∙ t∩ ge⌠ t∩ kno≈  thσ  program¼ ì
becausσá thσ effec⌠ oµ eacΦ actioε caε bσ immediatle∙ seen«á T∩  star⌠á  aε  ì
interactivσá librar∙á maintenancσ session¼á jus⌠  typσ  L╒  oε thσá commanΣ ì
linσ witΦ n∩ parameter≤ afte≥ it«
All the methods make use of similar syntax:
EacΦ  inpu⌠  line¼á regardles≤ oµ it≤ source¼á i≤ scanneΣ lef⌠  t∩á  right«  ì
Al∞á alphabetiπá character≤á arσá converteΣ t∩ uppe≥á  case«á Iµá thσá linσ ì
contain≤ an∙ blank≤ i⌠ i≤ separateΣ int∩ multiplσ individua∞ inpu⌠ strings«
These  input  strings  are  divided  into  two classes:
operators (sometimes called tags, or options) and operands.
Aεá  operato≥  i≤  defineΣ  a≤  an∙ tw∩ characte≥ strinτ wherσ  thσá  firs⌠  ì
characte≥ i≤ ß minu≤ sign«á Operator≤ tel∞ thσ  prograφ wha⌠ t∩á do«á ValiΣ ì
operator≤ arσ -a¼á -c¼ -d¼ -e¼ -l¼  -o¼  -r¼ anΣ -u« Anythinτ elsσ witΦ thσ ì
samσ forφ i≤ aε operato≥ too¼ bu⌠ aε invaliΣ one«
Operands are any other input string.



èNormally¼á  operanΣá string≤ arσ presumeΣ t∩ bσ thσ name≤ oµ  file≤á  whicΦ  ì
arσ  t∩  bσ  acteΣ  upoε  b∙  thσ previou≤ operator¼ fo≥ instance¼ addeΣ t∩ ì
o≥ extracteΣ froφ ß librar∙ file¼ anΣ t∩ havσ thσ followinτ genera∞ form║

                        [u/][d:][filename][.[ext]]

wherσá  ⌡á   i≤  aε  optiona∞  use≥  areß prefix«á I⌠ i≤ ß decima∞á  numbe≥  ì
froφá  ░á  t∩  31¼á  anΣ  iµ  present¼á mus⌠ bσ followeΣ  b∙  ßá slasΦá (/⌐ ì
character«á Use≥ area≤ greate≥ thaε 1╡  shoulΣ  bσ useΣ witΦ care¼á a≤ the∙ ì
canno⌠á bσ accesseΣ b∙ an∙ oµ thσ residen⌠ CC╨ (Consolσ CommanΣá Processor⌐ ì
command≤ of CP/M, such as USER, TYPE or ERA.

Σ   i≤  aε  optiona∞  drivσ  designator« I⌠ i≤ ß singlσ  characte≥  iε  thσ  ì
rangσ oµ ┴ t∩ P¼ anΣ iµ present¼ must be followed by a colon (:).

filenamσ  i≤  ß  strinτ  oµ  ░  t∩ ╕ characters¼á    followinτ thσ standarΣ ì
CP/═ convention≤ fo≥ filename≤

ex⌠á   i≤   ß   strinτ  oµ  ░  t∩  │  characters¼á followinτ  thσá standarΣ ì
CP/═ naminτ convention≤ fo≥ filetypσ


   extensions.

   The  period  (.)  after  filename  is  manditory  if  ext is
   specified,  and  optional  otherwise.  The  names  "xyz" and
   "xyz." are equivalent.

   Ambiguous  operands  are  those which contain the characters
   "*"  or "?" in the filename or extension fields. Examples of
   valid operands are:

    foo.bar
    3/b:test.fil
    3/test.fil
    b:test.*
    test.fil
    test.
    test
    z
    -z.
    comm?nd
    0/
    b:
    5/a:

Notσá iε thσ examplσ "-z.ó thσ period¼á thougΦ no⌠ requireΣ b∙ thσá  synta°  ì
oµ  ß  filename¼  i≤  essentia∞  t∩ preven⌠ thσ operanΣ froφ beinτ mistakeε ì
a≤á thσ invaliΣ operato≥ "-z"«á Wha⌠  actioε  i≤  takeε  upoε  thσá operanΣ ì
depend≤ upoε whicΦ operato≥ mos⌠ recentl∙ precedeΣ it«á Iµ n∩ operato≥á wa≤ ì
entered¼á o≥ aε invaliΣ one¼á o≥ onσ tha⌠ expect≤ n∩ operands¼ thσ  operanΣ  ì
wil∞ dra≈ aε erro≥ message¼ bu⌠ wil∞ otherwisσ bσ ignored«
Wheεá   runninτá   interactively¼á   L╒  prompt≤  fo≥  thσá operator≤á  anΣ ì
operands«á Yo⌡ caε typσ a≤ man∙ input≤ a≤ wil∞ fi⌠  oε thσ line¼ separatinτ ì
theφáá witΦá spaces«áá Thσá enΣá oµá aεá inpu⌠á  linσá  ha≤á  n∩áá  specia∞  ì
significance« Thσ mos⌠ recen⌠ operato≥ remain≤ iε effect¼ anΣ thσ nex⌠ linσ ì
caε begiε witΦ additional operands for it.


èThe prompt displayed for each input line has this form:

        -m u/d:>
        where  m  is the current operator in effect
               u  is the current user number in effect
               d  is the current default drive

Fo≥  examplσ  thσ  promp⌠  migh⌠  bσ  "-┼  0/A:>"« Thi≤ indicate≤  tha⌠ thσ ì
-σá operato≥ i≤ iε stil∞ iε effect╗á iµ aε operanΣ  i≤  entereΣ i⌠ wil∞á bσ ì
interpreteΣ a≤ thσ namσ oµ ß membe≥  filσ t∩ bσ ExtracteΣ froφ thσ library« ì
I⌠ als∩ show≤ tha⌠  thσ curren⌠ use≥ numbe≥ i≤ 0¼á anΣ thσ curren⌠ drivσ i≤ ì
A:«á  An∙ operand≤ whicΦ arσ entereΣ withou⌠ aε explici⌠ use≥ o≥ drivσ wil∞ ì
usσ thesσ defaults«
Wheε  thσ  prograφ  firs⌠  start≤ up¼á thσ promp⌠ begin≤ witΦ  "-?"¼  whicΦ ì
mean≤ n∩ operato≥ i≤ currentl∙ iε effect«
Iε  thi≤  case¼á  thσ  onl∙  valiΣ  inpu⌠ i≤ aε operator«á An∙ operanΣ wil∞ ì
bσ rejected«


                           SUMMARY OF OPERATORS 

-ßá   adΣá   file≤   t∩  library«á  -ß  cause≤  subsequen⌠ operand≤  t∩á bσ ì
treateΣ a≤ thσ name≤ oµ file≤ t∩ bσ addeΣ t∩ thσ  opeε  library«á  (Iµá  n∩  ì
librar∙ i≤ currentl∙ open¼á thσ defaul⌠   librar∙   LIBRARY.LB╥  i≤  alway≤  ì
useΣá  instead.⌐á Ambiguou≤á  operand≤á  matcΦá  al∞á  disδá  file≤á  whicΦ  ì
qualif∙á accordinτ t∩ norma∞ CP/═ wild-carΣ conventions¼á excep⌠ thosσ witΦ   ì
ß   filetypσ   oµ   .LBR«á   Explici⌠  use≥  o≥  drivσ specificatioε  oε aε ì
operanΣá cause≤á tha⌠ areß t∩ bσ searcheΣ fo≥ thσ file(s⌐á insteaΣá oµá thσ ì
defaults«

-Σá   deletσá  file≤  froφ  library«á -Σ cause≤ subsequen⌠ operand≤á t∩á bσ ì
treateΣá a≤á thσ name≤ oµ member≤ t∩ bσ deleteΣ froφ  thσá  opeεá  library«  ì
Ambiguou≤á name≤á matcΦá al∞á member≤ ⁿá  whicΦá qualify«á Use≥á anΣá drivσ ì
specification≤á oεá operand≤ arσ ignored¼á   sincσ   thσ  librar∙á  member≤  ì
arσ  obviousl∙  iε whicheve≥ areß contain≤ thσ opeε library«

-π   closσ  curren⌠  library«á  Iµ  ß  librar∙  ha≤ beeε openeΣ  witΦá  thσ  ì
-∩á  operator¼á  o≥  iµ thσ defaul⌠ librar∙ LIBRARY.LB╥  ha≤  beeεá  openeΣ  ì
b∙  somσ  othe≥ operator¼á -π cause≤  i⌠  t∩  bσ  closed«á  Otherwise¼á  i⌠  ì
ha≤á  n∩ effect«á Normall∙ thi≤ operato≥ neeΣ neve≥ bσ entered¼á sincσá an∙ ì
opeεá librar∙á i≤á automaticall∙ closeΣ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ thσ sessioεá o≥á wheε  ì
anothe≥á  onσá  i≤á opened«á I⌠ i≤ provideΣ fo≥ situation≤á wherσá  i⌠á  i≤  ì
desireΣá t∩ changσ disδ volume≤ withou⌠ endinτ thσá  L╒á  program«á  Beforσ  ì
removinτá  thσá disδ containinτ thσ librar∙  file¼á  i⌠  mus⌠  bσá  closed«  ì
Afte≥  mountinτ ß ne≈ volume¼  thσ  -╒ operato≥ (seσ below⌐ shoulΣ bσ used« ì
Thσ -π operator expects no operands.

-σá   extrac⌠  file≤  froφ library«á -σ cause≤ subsequen⌠ operand≤á  t∩á bσ ì
treateΣá a≤á thσá name≤á oµ librar∙ membe≥ file≤ t∩á   bσá   extracteΣá  t∩  ì
norma∞á  free-standinτá  CP/═  files«á Ambiguou≤  name≤  matcΦá al∞á membe≥ ì
file≤ whicΦ qualify« Use≥ o≥  drivσ  specification≤  oε  membe≥ name≤ causσ ì
thσá outpu⌠á file(s⌐  t∩  bσ placeΣ iε thσ specifieΣ areß rathe≥á thaεá thσ ì
default«á  An∙á  existinτ  filσ  witΦ  thσ  samσ  namσ wil∞ bσá overwritteε  ì
unles≤  i⌠ i≤ protecteΣ b∙ havinτ it≤ Read/Onl∙ attributσ bi⌠ set«

-∞á   lis⌠  curren⌠ librar∙ map«á -∞ cause≤ thσ director∙ oµ  thσá  curren⌠  ì
librar∙  t∩  bσ listeΣ oε thσ console«á Thσ membe≥  name≤  arσá  displayed¼  ì
alonτ  witΦ  thei≥ index¼ o≥ startinτ  positioε  withiε  thσ  library¼  anΣ ì
thei≥ sizσ iε sectors«á  Also¼ informatioε i≤ displayeΣ abou⌠ thσ numbe≥ oµ ì
sector≤á  iεá  thσá  library¼á  anΣ  ho≈  mucΦ space¼á i≤á useΣá o≥á unuseΣ  ìè(wasted)«á  Informatioεá  i≤  als∩ displayeΣ abou⌠ thσ numbe≥ oµ entrie≤ iε ì
thσ directory¼á anΣ ho≈ man∙ arσ active¼á deleted¼á  o≥  freσ fo≥ use« Thi≤ ì
help≤á determinσá whethe≥ thσ librar∙  need≤  t∩  bσ re-organizeΣá t∩á freσ ì
unuseΣ spacσ anΣ deleteΣ entries«á Thσ operato≥ -∞ expect≤ n∩ operands¼á s∩ ì
thσ nex⌠ inpu⌠ shoulΣ bσ anothe≥ operator«

-∩á   opeε ß library«á -∩ cause≤ thσ followinτ operanΣ t∩ bσá  treateΣá  a≤  ì
thσá namσ oµ ß librar∙ filσ t∩ bσ openeΣ fo≥ usσ witΦ subsequen⌠ operators« ì
Iµ ß librar∙ i≤ alread∙ open¼á i⌠ i≤ closeΣ first«á Iµ thσ ne≈ librar∙ doe≤ ì
no⌠ exist¼á i⌠ i≤ createΣ  witΦ  aε  empt∙  directory«á Ambiguou≤ name≤ arσ ì
no⌠ allowed«á  Use≥  anΣ drivσ specificatioε i≤ allowed« Thσ filσ typσ  ma∙ ì
bσá specified¼á bu⌠á iµ no⌠ entered¼á default≤ t∩ .LB╥á whicΦá i≤á strongl∙ ì
suggesteΣ a≤ thσ filσ typσ fo≥ al∞ librar∙ files.
Yo⌡á  wil∞á recal∞á tha⌠ file≤ oµ typσ .LB╥ arσ ignoreΣá b∙á thσá  wildcarΣ  ì
matchinτá  oµá  thσ  -ß  (add⌐  operator«á  Thi≤ prevent≤  librarie≤á  froφ  ì
beinτá accidentall∙á addeΣá t∩á othe≥á libraries¼á  o≥á  t∩á themselves╗á ß ì
situatioεá no⌠ unlikσ tryinτ t∩ drivσ ß trucδ u≡ it≤ owε tailpipe«á Iµá fo≥ ì
somσ reasoε yo⌡ wan⌠  t∩  adΣ  onσ  librar∙ t∩ another¼á bσ m∙á guest¼á bu⌠ ì
yo⌡ wil∞ havσ t∩ specif∙ thσ namσ withou⌠ ¬ o≥ ┐ character≤ wheε addinτ it«

-≥á   reorganizσá  library«á  -≥ cause≤ thσ currentl∙ opeε librar∙  t∩á  bσ  ì
reorganized« First¼ thσ director∙ i≤ sorteΣ int∩  alphabetica∞  order¼  anΣ  ì
theεá al∞ activσ member≤ arσ copieΣ  t∩  ß  worδ  librar∙  whicΦ i≤á openeΣ ì
oε thσ defaul⌠ user/drive¼  whicΦ  ma∙  o≥  ma∙  no⌠ bσ thσ samσ a≤ thσ olΣ ì
library«á  Thσ  sizσ  oµ  thσ  director∙  ma∙  bσ  changeΣ b∙ specifyinτ  ß  ì
greate≥á o≥ smalle≥ numbe≥ oµ entrie≤ thaε wa≤ useΣ  iε  thσá olΣá library« ì
Thσ director∙ wil∞ alway≤ bσ madσ largσ  enougΦ  t∩  contaiε al∞ thσ activσ ì
member≤ oµ thσ olΣ library¼  s∩  i⌠  i≤ safσ t∩ ente≥ ß sizσ oµ "1ó t∩ makσ ì
thσá director∙á  a≤  smal∞  a≤ possible«á (Seσ Specifyinτá Director∙á Size≤ ì
below.⌐
Wheε  reorganizatioε  i≤  complete¼á  thσ olΣ librar∙ i≤ deleteΣ  froφ  it≤  ì
user/drivσá area¼á anΣ thσ worδ librar∙ iε thσ  defaul⌠ areß i≤ renameΣá t∩ ì
thσá namσá oµ thσ olΣ library«á N∩  backu≡  cop∙  i≤á retained«á Thσá newl∙ ì
reorganizeΣ librar∙ remain≤ opeε fo≥ usσ witΦ subsequen⌠ operations«

-⌡   Usσ ne≈ defaul⌠ area« Thσ -⌡ caε bσ useΣ t∩ changσ thσ  defaul⌠  valuσ  ì
fo≥á use≥ numbe≥ o≥ drive«á I⌠ cause≤ thσ use≥  prefi°  anΣ  drivσ speπá oµ ì
thσá followinτá operanΣá t∩á bσ useΣ  a≤  thσá ne≈á defaul⌠á area«á Iµá thσ ì
followinτ operanΣ ha≤ n∩  use≥ prefix¼á o≥ n∩ drivσ spec¼ thσ correspondinτ ì
defaul⌠á i≤á  no⌠á  changed«á  (Thσ  filenamσ  anΣ  ex⌠á  section≤á oµá thσ ì
operanΣá  mus⌠  bσ  absent.⌐  Iµ  ß  changσ i≤ made¼á an∙ opeε librar∙á  i≤ ì
firs⌠á closed¼á anΣá thσ disδ systeφ i≤ reset«á Thu≤ featurσá allow≤á newl∙ ì
mounteΣ disδ volume≤ t∩ bσ accesseΣ fo≥ writing╗á  CP/═  cause≤ ne≈ volume≤ ì
t∩á bσ ReaΣ Onl∙ unti∞ thσ prograφ  perform≤  ß disδ systeφ reset«á Thσá -⌡ ì
operato≥ als∩ affect≤  whicΦ areß wil∞ bσ useΣ fo≥ thσ worδ librar∙á durinτ ì
reorganization« Seσ thσ -≥ operato≥ above« Note║  Iµ directeΣ I/╧ i≤ activσ ì
(Seσ advanceΣ feature≤ below⌐  thσ  -⌡  operato≥ i≤ treateΣ a≤ invalid« Duσ ì
t∩á somσá unfortunatσá  assumption≤  iε  thσá  ├á  run-timσá  package¼á thσ ì
defaul⌠  drivσ canno⌠ bσ changeΣ whilσ thesσ file≤ arσ open¼ anΣ  thσ  BDO╙  ì
get≤  confuseΣ b∙ thσ disδ rese⌠ unde≥ thesσ conditions.

-°   eXi⌠ program« -° cause≤ thσ inpu⌠ linσ iε whicΦ i⌠ i≤  containeΣ t∩ bσ ì
thσá las⌠á linσá scanneΣ b∙ thσ program«á I⌠ doe≤á  no⌠á  causσá  immediatσ  ì
prograφá termination¼á anΣ iµ an∙ morσ  operator≤  follo≈  i⌠  oε  thσ samσ ì
line¼ the∙ wil∞ bσ processeΣ  normally«  Thσ  prograφ terminate≤ onl∙ afte≥ ì
thσ processinτ oµ thσ curren⌠ linσ i≤ complete«á An∙ opeε librar∙ i≤á  theε  ì
closed¼  anΣ thσ use≥ numbe≥ anΣ defaul⌠ drivσ arσ rese⌠ t∩ thσ value≤ the∙ ì
haΣá wheε thσ prograφ wa≤ originall∙ invoked«á  T∩  preservσ  compatabilit∙ ì
witΦá earlie≥á versions¼á thσ prograφ wil∞ als∩ bσ terminateΣ b∙á aεá empt∙ ì
inpu⌠ line« è                         SPECIFYING DIRECTORY SIZE 

Wheneve≥á  aε  olΣ librar∙ i≤ opened¼á thσ director∙ sizσ i≤á displayeΣá a≤ ì
follows║

     Old library LIBRARY.LBR has 32 entries, 5 free.

Thi≤á  mean≤ tha⌠ ╡ morσ member≤ ma∙ bσ addeΣ beforσ thσ director∙  become≤  ì
full«á  Wheε  thσ  director∙  i≤ full¼á -ß become≤  aε  invaliΣá  operator¼  ì
anΣ  thσ  librar∙  mus⌠  bσ reorganizeΣ t∩ adΣ an∙ morσ members«
Wheεá  ß librar∙ i≤ createΣ fo≥ thσ firs⌠ time¼á thσ use≥ i≤ prompteΣá likσ ì
this║

     New library COMMAND.LBR. Allow how many entries?_

An∙á numbe≥ froφ ▒ t∩ 6553╡ i≤ valid«á Thσ actua∞ maximuφ i≤  determineΣ b∙ ì
thσá amoun⌠ oµ freσ memor∙ availablσ oε thσ systeφ iε use«á Director∙á sizσ ì
wil∞á bσ roundeΣ u≡ t∩ thσ nex⌠ wholσ  secto≥  necessar∙  t∩  contaiεá  thσ ì
numbe≥ oµ entrie≤ requested«á  Thi≤  numbe≥  wil∞  remaiε  iε  effec⌠ unti∞ ì
thσ librar∙ i≤ reorganized« Sincσ thσ director∙ itselµ count≤ a≤ aε  entry¼  ì
onσá  entr∙á  i≤á addeΣ t∩ you≥ responsσ beforσ thσá sizσá  i≤á calculated« ì
Thereforσá jus⌠ ente≥ thσ maximuφ numbe≥ oµ  membe≥  file≤  yo⌡  wan⌠á  thσ  ì
librar∙  t∩ bσ capablσ oµ holding«
Thσ  maximuφ numbe≥ oµ membe≥ file≤ i≤ als∩ constraineΣ b∙  thσ  amoun⌠  oµ  ì
availablσ disδ space«á Iµ thσ disδ spacσ run≤  ou⌠  durinτ  aεá  add¼á  thσ  ì
namσá  i≤á  no⌠á addeΣá t∩ thσ directory«á  Iµ  ß  multiplσá  adΣá  i≤á  iε ì
progress¼á duσ t∩ aε ambiguou≤  operand¼ thσ remaininτ qualifyinτ file≤ arσ ì
stil∞á addeΣá  iµ possible«á Iµ an∙ oµ theφ i≤ smal∞ enougΦ t∩ fi⌠á iεá thσ  ì
remaininτ  disδ space¼á i⌠ wil∞ bσ added«á Iµ an∙ sector≤ werσ  writteε  b∙  ì
ßá  faileΣá  adΣ  attempt¼á  anΣ  theε neve≥ utilized¼á  the∙á  remaiεá  a≤  ì
unuseΣ sectors¼ anΣ thσ librar∙ shoulΣ bσ reorganized«


                          PARAMETER DRIVEN METHOD 

Al∞ oµ thσ informatioε needeΣ fo≥ ß maintenancσ ruε ma∙ bσ specifieΣ oε thσ ì
commanΣ line« Thσ operator≤ anΣ operand≤ arσ  entered¼ separateΣ b∙ spaces¼ ì
afte≥á thσ L╒ command¼á anΣ thσ operation≤ wil∞ takσ placσ withou⌠á consolσ ì
intervention¼á excep⌠  iε  thσ  casσ  wherσ  thσ  director∙  sizσ fo≥ ß ne≈ ì
librar∙ i≤ requested« Thσ synta° is║

     LU <opr> [<opd> [<opd> ...]] [<opr> [<opd> ...]...

where square brackets indicate optional parameters, and:

     <opr> is any operator.
     <opd> is any operand.
     ..«á   indicate≤á  tha⌠á thσ precedinτ paramete≥ ma∙á occu≥á multiplσ ì
     times«

An∙á  name≤á  occurrinτ  prio≥  t∩ thσ firs⌠á operator¼á o≥á followinτá  aε  ì
operato≥  whicΦ doe≤ no⌠ expec⌠ operands¼ arσ ignored«



                             ADVANCED FEATURES 

Inpu⌠  froφ  BD╙ ├ "pipesó o≥ ordinar∙ sequentia∞ file≤ i≤  als∩  possible« ì
Thσ filenamσ i≤ specifieΣ oε thσ commanΣ linσ  precedeΣ  b∙ ß "<ó characte≥ ì
anΣ n∩ interveninτ blank« èExample:

    LU <CONSOL.DUP

read≤ thσ content≤ oµ thσ filσ CONSOL.DU╨ anΣ use≤ eacΦ linσ  oµ  thσ  filσ  ì
a≤á  iµá  i⌠á haΣ beeε typeΣ a⌠ thσ norma∞ consolσ   b∙á  thσá  interactivσ  ì
method«á  Iεá  thi≤  case¼á  n∩ operator≤  o≥  operand≤  ma∙á  bσá present« ì
Consolσ outpu⌠ ma∙ als∩  bσ  redirecteΣ  b∙  specifyinτ  aε  outpu⌠ filσ oε ì
thσ commanΣ  linσ  afte≥  thσ  characte≥  ">"«á  Thi≤  applie≤ t∩ paramete≥  ì
driveε a≤ wel∞ a≤ interactivσ (includinτ "piped"⌐ input« Examples║

     LU -O 3/SPECIAL -A B:ZOT.COM >20/C:LOGFILE.OUT

woulΣá  adΣá  thσ filσ zot.coφ froφ drivσ b¼á curren⌠ use≥ area¼á  t∩á  thσ  ì
librar∙á  special.lbr¼á  iεá use≥ areß │ oε thσá defaul⌠á  drive«á  Consolσ  ì
outpu⌠á  woulΣ bσ writteε t∩ ß filσ calleΣ logfile.ou⌠ iε use≥ areßá 2░á oε ì
drivσá c«á Thσ placemen⌠ oµ  thσ  outpu⌠  namσ oε thσ linσ doe≤ no⌠á matte≥ ì
anΣá excep⌠á fo≥  turninτ  oε  redirecteΣ  output¼á  i⌠  i≤ ignoreΣ b∙á al∞ ì
operators«

     LU <BATCH.IN >B:RECORD.DOC

woulΣ  takσ interactivσ command≤ froφ thσ filσ batch.iε anΣ  writσ  consolσ  ì
outpu⌠  t∩  ß filσ calleΣ record.doπ oε drivσ B«

Normally¼á  consolσá  filσá  outpu⌠  i≤ als∩ echoeΣ oε thσá rea∞á  console¼  ì
excep⌠  wheε inpu⌠ i≤ als∩ redirected¼á a≤ iε thσ  las⌠ example«á T∩á forcσ ì
visiblσá consolσ outpu⌠ wheε botΦ aε  inpu⌠  anΣ  outpu⌠  filσ  arσá  used¼  ì
thσá  ">ó characte≥ precedinτ  thσ outpu⌠ filσ namσ ma∙ bσ changeΣ t∩ ß "+ó ì
likσ this║

     LU +RECORD.DOC <BATCH.IN

Thi≤á  woulΣ  havσ  thσ  samσ  effec⌠  a≤  thσá  previou≤á example¼á excep⌠ ì
tha⌠ messagσ outpu⌠ woulΣ als∩ bσ visiblσ oε thσ console«

                                 CAUTIONS 

Thσá  importancσá  oµá  keepinτ  backu≡  copie≤ oµá al∞á disδá files¼á  anΣ  ì
especiall∙ libraries¼á canno⌠ bσ overemphasized«á B∙  usinτ  librar∙ files¼ ì
thσá use≥á i≤ exposeΣ t∩ thσ dreadeΣ all-the-eggs-in-one-baske⌠á  syndrome«  ì
Tha⌠á is¼á iµá somethinτ happen≤  t∩ thσá librar∙á file¼á particularl∙á thσ ì
directory¼á i⌠ ma∙  bσ  beyonΣ  thσ  capabilitie≤  oµ eveε ß CP/═ wizarΣ t∩ ì
restorσ thσ membe≥ files«á Thσ situatioε i≤ madσ particularl∙ stick∙ b∙ thσ ì
fac⌠á tha⌠ thσ thσ director∙ mus⌠ bσ updateΣ iε placσ a≤ member≤ arσá addeΣ ì
o≥ deleted.
Precaution≤á  havσ beeε takeε t∩ minimizσ thi≤ risk«á Fo≥ onσ  thing¼á  thσ  ì
director∙  i≤  reaΣ  int∩  memor∙ wheε thσ librar∙  i≤  firs⌠  opened¼  anΣ  ì
i≤ onl∙ writteε bacδ iµ i⌠ differ≤  froφ  thσ cop∙ oε thσ disk«á Operation≤ ì
whicΦ changσ thσ  director∙  are║á  adds¼á  deletes¼ anΣ thσ sor⌠ operatioε ì
whicΦá  i≤á  donσá  beforσá reorganization«áá Iµá onl∙á extract≤á (o≥á LRU╬ ì
executions⌐ arσ done¼á thσ director∙ i≤ neve≥ rewritten¼á anΣ thσ .LB╥ filσ ì
ma∙ bσ writσ protecteΣ iµ desired«
A≤á  anothe≥  precaution¼á thσ entirσ empt∙ directory¼á i≤á allocateΣá  anΣ  ì
writteεá  t∩á disδ wheε ß ne≈ librar∙ i≤ firs⌠ created«á Thi≤ insure≤á tha⌠ ì
therσá wil∞á alway≤á bσ enougΦ spacσ oε disδ fo≥ thσá numbe≥á oµá director∙ ì
entrie≤á requesteΣ a⌠ thσ timσ  oµ  creation«á  Thσ disδ spacσ ma∙ ruεá ou⌠ ì
whilσ addinτ membe≥  files¼á  bu⌠ therσ wil∞ alway≤ bσ enougΦ rooφ oεá disδ ì
t∩ updatσ thσ director∙ oncσ i⌠ i≤ successfull∙ created«
Thσ  fac⌠ tha⌠ onl∙ thσ memor∙ cop∙ oµ thσ director∙ i≤ modifieΣ  unti∞ thσ ìèfilσá i≤ closeΣ ma∙ comσ iε ver∙ hand∙ iµ yo⌡  mistakenl∙  deletσ ßá membe≥ ì
filσá anΣá recognizσ i⌠ righ⌠ away«á  Fo≥  example¼á  supposσ yo⌡ makσá thσ ì
mistakσ oµ typinτ "-d *.*".
Briefly¼  you≥ hear⌠ sinks¼ a≤ thσ "Deleting:ó message≤ arσ  displayeΣ  anΣ  ì
al∞ thσ membe≥ name≤ zi≡ int∩ oblivion«á Don'⌠  panic« Onl∙ thσ memor∙ cop∙ ì
oµ thσ director∙ ha≤ beeε modified«á  Wheε  thσ  -D╛ promp⌠ returns¼ d∩ no⌠ ì
hi⌠ RETURN«á Instead¼á  abor⌠ thσ prograφ witΦ Control-C«á Thi≤ wil∞ cance∞ ì
thσ prograφ withou⌠ updatinτ thσ directory¼á anΣ thσ origina∞ member≤á wil∞ ì
stil∞ bσ present«
Herσ  i≤  anothe≥  caution«  Sincσ thσ entirσ director∙ mus⌠  fi⌠ iε memor∙ ì
fo≥á ß librar∙ t∩ bσ successfull∙ opened¼á i⌠  i≤  possiblσ  tha⌠  ßá  hugσ  ì
director∙á createΣá oε ß you≥ systeφ wil∞ bσ to∩ largσ t∩ fi⌠ iε memor∙á iµ ì
reaΣ oε anothe≥ systeφ wil∞ les≤ memory«á Thi≤ shoulΣ no⌠ bσ ß probleφ witΦ ì
ß library of under a hundred entries.
T∩á  givσá  yo⌡ aε ideß oµ ho≈ mucΦ elbowrooφ yo⌡ havσá t∩á worδá with¼á L╒ ì
display≤á thσ highes⌠ memor∙ locatioε useΣ eacΦ timσ  i⌠á terminates«á Thi≤ ì
wil∞á var∙á dependinτ oε thσ larges⌠ director∙ useΣ durinτá operation¼á anΣ ì
wil∞á bσá slightl∙ highe≥ iµ  interactivσ  operatioεá  wa≤á used¼á sincσá ß ì
consolσá buffe≥ mus⌠ bσ allocated«á I⌠  doe≤ no⌠ includσ thσá stack¼á whicΦ ì
grow≤á dowεá froφ higΦ memory¼á  anΣ  i≤ alloweΣ abou⌠ ß thousanΣ byte≤á oµ ì
spacσ fo≥ subroutinσ linkage≤ anΣ temporar∙ worδ areas«


                             THE LRUN COMMAND 

Thσá  LRU╬  commanΣ wa≤ createΣ fo≥ thosσ oµ u≤ wh∩ havσ lot≤á  oµá commanΣ ì
file≤á wσ likσ t∩ kee≡ oε linσ al∞ thσ time«á Wha⌠ usuall∙ happen≤ i≤á tha⌠ ì
somσ nicσ littlσ .CO═ file≤ arσ ver∙  smal∞  programs¼á bu⌠ havinτ ß lo⌠ oµ ì
theφá oε disδ eat≤ u≡  filσ  spacσ  a⌠  aε  alarminτ ratσ duσ t∩ thσá fixeΣ ì
CP/═á blocδá  size«á  Pu⌠ theφ al∞ int∩ ß librar∙ calleΣ COMMAND.LB╥á usinτ  ì
LU«  Yo⌡ caε theε ruε an∙ .CO═ filσ directl∙ froφ thσ librar∙ b∙ saying║

     LRUN <followed by normal command line just like always>

The full syntax of LRUN is:

     LRUN [-<lbrfile>] <commember> [<parameters>]

Where:

<lbrfile╛  i≤  thσ  librar∙  t∩ bσ searched« Thσ squarσ bracket≤  arounΣ  -ì
<lbrfile╛á  indicatσ i⌠ i≤ optional«á Thσ - characte≥ tell≤ LRU╬ tha⌠á wha⌠ ì
follow≤á i≤ ß librar∙ name«á I⌠ i≤ no⌠ aε actua∞ par⌠ oµá thσá name«á Don'⌠ ì
leavσá ßá spacσ afte≥ thσ  -«á Iµ thσ firs⌠ paramete≥ doesn'⌠ begiε witΦá - ì
theεá thσá defaul⌠  librar∙  COMMAND.LB╥  i≤  used«á  Iµ ßá drivσá speπá i≤ ì
given¼á  sucΦ a≤ B:¼á theε onl∙ tha⌠ drivσ i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ thσ library«  Iµ  ì
n∩á  drivσ  speπ  i≤ given¼á thσ curren⌠ areß i≤ searcheΣ first¼á anΣ iµ n∩ ì
librar∙ oµ tha⌠ namσ i≤ found¼á thσ defaul⌠  areß i≤ searcheΣ beforσ givinτ ì
up«á Thσ defaul⌠ areß i≤ se⌠ t∩ 0/A║á iε thσ distributioε objec⌠ code¼á bu⌠ ì
thi≤á caεá bσá  easil∙  changeΣ  t∩  somethinτ morσá appropriatσá fo≥á you≥ ì
systeφ  b∙  changinτ  tw∩  equate≤ iε thσ sourcσ prograφ anΣá reassembling«  ì
LRU╬á doe≤ no⌠ otherwisσ suppor⌠ use≥ numbers¼á anΣ wil∞ no⌠ recognizσá thσ ì
"u/ó synta° oε it≤ parameters«á Iµ ß name¼á bu⌠ n∩ typσ i≤ entered¼ .LB╥ i≤ ì
assumed«

<commember╛  i≤  thσ  namσ oµ thσ commanΣ t∩ bσ run« N∩ drivσ  speπ i≤ useΣ ì
here« Thσ typσ default≤ t∩ .CO═ anΣ neeΣ no⌠ bσ entered«

<parameters╛á  i≤  ß thσ norma∞ (possibl∙ empty⌐ lis⌠ oµ parameter≤á  whicΦ  ì
thσ  .CO═  filσ  expect≤  t∩  finΣ oε thσ commanΣ  linσ  wheε  i⌠  i≤  run« ìèThi≤ lis⌠ i≤ parseΣ t∩ thσ requireΣ  filσ  contro∞  block≤ anΣ commanΣ linσ ì
areßá beforσ executioε  begins¼á  s∩  thσ  prograφ  wil∞ no⌠ bσ awarσá tha⌠ ì
anythinτ  cutσ  i≤  goinτ  on«á  (Thank≤  t∩  Roε  Fowle≥ fo≥ supplyinτ thσ ì
codσ whicΦ make≤ thi≤ possible.⌐


                               LRUN EXAMPLES 

     LRUN ED FOO.BAR

thσ  filσ  ED.CO═ i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ iε COMMAND.LB╥ oε thσ curren⌠  drive¼  o≥ ì
defaul⌠ area«á Iµ found¼ ED.CO═ i≤ loadeΣ froφ  thσ  library¼  anΣ  FOO.BA╥  ì
i≤  passeΣ  t∩  i⌠  a≤  ß parameter«

     LRUN -C:SPECIAL LU -O COMMAND -A A:*.COM

thσ filσ LU.CO═ i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ iε SPECIAL.LB╥ oε thσ ├ drive«á  Iµ  found¼  ì
LU.CO═  i≤  loaded¼á  anΣ thσ string≤ -O¼ COMMAND¼ -A¼ anΣ *.CO═ arσ passeΣ ì
t∩ i⌠ a≤ parameters«

     LRUN - -ZIP

thσá filσ -ZIP.CO═ i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ iε COMMAND.LB╥ oε thσ curren⌠ drive¼á o≥ ì
defaul⌠ area«á Iµ found¼á -ZIP.CO═ i≤ loadeΣ anΣ  executeΣ  witΦ  ßá  blanδ ì
paramete≥ list«á Sincσ -ZIP.CO═ begin≤  witΦ ß -¼ thσ extrß - followeΣ b∙ ß ì
spacσá wa≤á needeΣ t∩ ac⌠ a≤ ß place-holde≥ fo≥ thσ librar∙á name«á Comparσ ì
with║

     LRUN -ZIP

thσ  librar∙  -ZIP.LB╥  i≤ lookeΣ for¼ bu⌠ nothinτ elsσ happens¼ becausσ n∩ ì
commanΣ wa≤ specified«

     LRUN

witΦ  n∩  parameter≤  a⌠  all¼á  cause≤ ß screeε oµ hel≡ informatioε t∩á bσ ì
displayeΣ a≤ ß memor∙ refresher«

Pleasσ   repor⌠   an∙   problem≤   o≥  suggestion≤  fo≥ enhancemen⌠  t∩  mσ  ì
viß  CompuServσ  CP-MI╟  o≥ EMAIL¼á use≥ numbe≥  70160,120╗á  o≥  b∙  phonσ  ì
a⌠ (201⌐ 935-4087¼ voice¼ evening≤ (easterε time⌐ o≥ weekends«

                                             Gary P. Novosielski