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    ZEX 5.0 LANGUAGE DOC -- revised from tcj38bmm -- 10/8/89

       by Bridger Mitchell, Plu*Perfect Systems


Requirements.

Z-System (NZ-COM, Z3PLUS, or ZCPR3.x) with extended external
environment.  NZ-COM and Z3PLUS automatically have extended environments;
earlier ZCPR systems can be upgraded to have one by using JetLDR to load
the environment descriptor.

ZEX (and most other RSXs) may be incompatible with a few RSXs that
do not use the standard Plu*Perfect Systems RSX header and conform to
the standards for interfacing an RSX to the host system.

GOTO version 1.4 is required to recognize labels in ZEX 5.0.


Hints.

If you have difficulty terminating ZEX, run REMOVE.

Remember to quote a literal '$' -- use "$$".
It's a good idea to quote a literal '<' -- use "$<".


.h1 The ZEX Language

The ZEX script consists of lines of ascii text, each terminated by a
<CR><LF> pair.  You can create the script with a text editor in ascii
(non-document) mode.  For short, one-off uses, just type the lines
into ZEX when prompted.

A number of reserved words, called _directives_, control the various
features.  Each directive begins and ends with the verticule character
'|'.  The directives may be entered in upper, lower, or mixed case; I
use uppercase here to make them stand out.  All script input that is
to be sent to a program begins with a '<' character in the first
column; all other lines are sent to the command processor or, when
specifically directed, are messages sent directly to the console
output.

.h2 Command-processor input:

 - is any line of the script that doesn't begin with '<'
 - is case-independent.
 - spaces and tabs at the beginning of a line are ignored
 - The end of a script line is the end of one command line.
   Use the |JOIN| directive at the end of a script line to omit
   the CR and continue the same command line on a second script line.
   (The <LF> is always discarded).
 - all whitespace immediately preceding a |JOIN|, and all characters on
   the same line that follow the word |JOIN|, including <CR>, are discarded.
 - use |SPACE| to precede a command with a space, or
   to insert a space after a command and before a comment.
 - begin each command on a new script line, optionally preceeded or followed
   by whitespace.  Although multiple commands may appear on the same line,
   each separated by a semicolon, this increases the chance that the Z-System
   multiple command line buffer will overflow.

.h2 Program input:

 - is normally obtained from the console.
 - begin each script line of program input with a '<' in the first column.
 - input is case-sensitive.
 - data from the script includes the <CR> (but not the <LF>) at the end of
   a script line.  To omit the <CR>, use the |JOIN| directive.
 - use |LF| for linefeed, |CRLF| for carriage-return-linefeed,
   |TAB| for tab.
 - if the program requests more input than is supplied in the script,
   the remaining input is obtained from the console
 - use |WATCHFOR string| to take further input from the console, until
   the program sends "string" to the console output, then resume
   input from the script


.h2 Both:

 - use |SAY| to begin text to be printed on the console, and |END SAY| to
   terminate that text
 - alternately, use |"|..msg..|"| to delimit a SAY message
 - use |UNTIL X| to take further input from the console,
   until a keyboard 'X' is entered.  The 'X' character may be any
   character; pick one that won't be needed in entering console input.
 - use |UNTIL| to take further input from the console,
   until a keyboard <CR> is entered.

.h2 Script Comments

A double semicolon ";;" designates the beginning of a comment.  The
two semicolons, any immediately-preceding whitespace, and all text up to
the <CR> of that line of script are ignored.

A left brace '{ in the first column designates the beginning of a
comment field.  All text, on any number of lines, is ignored until
the first right brace '}' is encountered.  That line is ignored, too,
and regular input begins at the line following the '}'.


.h2 Other Directives

Within a directive, a SPACE character is optional.  Thus, |IF TRUE|
and |IFTRUE| have the identical effect.

Conditional script

|IF TRUE|    do following script if command flow state is true
|IF FALSE|    do following script if flow state is false
|END IF|    end conditional portion of script
|'|..msg..|'|    does: IF TRUE||SAY|..msg..|END SAY||ENDIF|
|IF TRUE| <a> |ELSE| <b> |END IF|     do <a> if true, do <b> if false

|RING|        ring console bell
|RING WAIT|    ring bell and wait until a <CR> is pressed
|WAIT|        wait until a <CR> is pressed
|PAUSE nn|    wait up to nn seconds for a keypress
|RING PAUSE nn| wait up to nn seconds for a keypress, ring each second
|AGAIN|        repeat the entire ZEX script
|ABORT|        terminate the script

Console output is controlled by this set of directives:

|CCPCMD|   / |CCPCMD OFF|    Show/ Don't show: CCP command output
|ZEXMSG|   / |ZEXMSG OFF|    Show/ Don't show: ZEX command prompt
|FALSECMD| / |FALSECMD OFF|  Show/ Don't show: commands in false flow state
|SILENCE|  / |SILENCE OFF|   Suppress/ resume: console output

For each of these console-output directive words (...) the following
synonyms are recognized: |...| or |... ON| or |... YES|, and |... NO|
or |... OFF| or |END ...|.

Special character directives:

|CR|        carriage return
|LF|        linefeed
|CR LF|        carriage return, line feed
|TAB|        horizontal tab
|NUL|        binary null
|SPACE|        space character
|DEL|        delete (7Fh) character
|ESC|        escape (1Bh) character

.h2 Parameters

ZEX (like SUBMIT) provides for formal parameters designated $0 $1 ...
$9.  When ZEX is started with a command line such as:

    A> ZEX SCRIPT1 ARG1 ARG2 ARG3

then ZEX reads and compiles the SCRIPT1.ZEX file.  In the script,
any "$0" will be replaced by "SCRIPT1", any "$1" is replaced by
the "first" argument "ARG1", etc.

The script may define "default parameters" for the values $1 ...
$9. To do so, enter the three characters "^$n" followed (with no
space) by the nth default parameter.  Put each default parameter
on a separate line.  When ZEX encounters a formal parameter in
the script, it substitutes the command-line parameter, if there
was one on the command line, and otherwise the corresponding
default parameter, if it was defined.

.h2 Control characters

You enter a control character into the script by entering a caret '^'
followed by the control-character letter/symbol.  For example, "^A"
will enter a Control-A (01 hex).  Control-characters may be entered in
upper or lower case.

.h2 Quotation

ZEX uses a number of characters in special ways:

    $  ^  |  {  }  <  ;  <space>  <cr>

Sometimes we might want to include these characters as ordinary input,
or as output in a screen message.  For this, ZEX uses '$' as the
_quotation character_.  (This is also called the _escape_ character,
because it allows one to escape from the meaning reserved for a special
character.)  "Quotation" means that the next character is to be taken
literally; I use this term to avoid confusion with the control code 1B
hex generated by the _escape key_.

If '$' is followed by any character other than the digits from '0' to
'9', that character is taken literally.  Thus, if we want a caret in
the text and not a control character, we use '$^'.  If we want a '<'
in the first column of a line that is for the command processor and
not for program input, then we use '$<' there instead.  And don't
forget that if we want a '$' in our script, we must use '$$'.  There
are some cases, like '$a', where the '$' is not necessary, but it can
always be used.

To pass a ZEX directive to a program, or the command processor, use
the quotation character with the verticule.  For example, to echo the
string "|RING|", the zex script should be:

        echo $|RING$|

.h2 Cancelling ZEX

If ZEX is configured with the "flow control" option to YES then
ZEX will monitor the real keyboard while an application program
is sending console output.  You can type a Control-S to halt
output.  If you then type Control-C, ZEX will ask whether you
wish to cancel the current application, or the entire script.

If you type anything other than Control-C following a Control-S, the
application will resume its output.

.h2 Labels

A line that begins with ";=" defines a label.  The GOTO (vers. 1.4)
tool can be used to jump to that point in the script.

;=LABEL1


.h2 Some examples

Figure 2 provides several examples of how the new script language
should work.  You will note a number of differences from the current
dialect used, for example, in Rick Charnes' article in this issue.
And, no doubt, further improvements will emerge from your suggestions
and the actual implementation of the new batch processor.


             Figure 1.  ZEX Script Examples


ZEX SCRIPT        INPUT SOURCE/EXECUTION SEQUENCE

cmd1    ;;comment    The CCP receives "cmd1<cr>".  The spaces before
                the comment are stripped, and the <cr> at the
            end of the line is passed to the CCP.
            The cmd1 program gets its input from the console.

cmd2 |UNTIL|        The CCP receives "cmd2 " and then gets additional
            input from the console, including a <cr>.
            The cmd2 program gets its input from the console.
|SAY|ccp msg|ENDSAY|cmd3
            When the CCP prompts for the next command,
            "ccp msg" is printed on the console.  The CCP
            then receives "cmd3<cr>"
<text|JOIN|        The cmd3 program gets "textmore text<cr>new
<more text        line of text"
<new line of text    If the program requests more input, it comes from
            the console.

cmd4 cmd4tail        The CCP receives "cmd4 cmd4tail<cr>"
<|UNTIL ~|text        The cmd4 program receives console input until
            the user types a '~'.  Then the program receives
            "text"
            If the program requests more input, it comes
            from the console.  If the program doesn't use all
            of the input, it is discarded.

cmd5 |UNTIL ~| tail    The CCP receives "cmd5 " and then gets additional
            input from the console, until the user types '~'.
            The CCP then receives " tail<cr>".
            The program receives input from the console.

|UNTIL|            The CCP receives a command line of input from the
            console.
            The program receives input from the console.

|UNTIL|            The CCP receives a command line of input from the
            console.
<|SAY|message|ENDSAY|    When the program first calls for console input,
<text            "message" is printed on the console.  Then the
            program receives "<cr>text".
            Additional program input is received from the console.


cmd6            The CCP gets "cmd6<cr>"
<|WATCHFOR string|    The cmd6 program gets input from the console, until
<|"|message|JOIN||"|    the characters "string" appear at the console output.
<text            Then "message" appears on the console output, and
            the program gets "text".  Further input comes
            from the console.
            If "string" never appears, all of this is
            discarded.

alias1            The CCP gets "alias1<cr>".  That program, a Z-System
            alias, puts "cmd1;cmd2" into the multiple
            command line buffer.  The CCP then obtains "cmd1"
            from mcl
<|UNTIL ~|        The cmd1 program gets any input from the
<cmd2text        console.  If a '~' is typed, it gets "cmd2text<cr>".

cmd3            The CCP gets "cmd3<cr>".
<text|JOIN|        The cmd3 program gets "text".  Further input
            comes from the console.

.h2 Summary -- ZEX Help Screen

The command "ZEX //" will display this terse summary.  The current
default values for CCPCMD, ZEXMSG, and SILENCE are shown in upper case,
and their opposites in lower case:

**  ZEX v.X.X    Syntax:  ZEX [[dir:]subfile[.typ][ parameters]  **
$N            N-th command-line param.    '{' (col. 1) thru '}'  Comment lines
$$, $| ...    Becomes '$','|'...          ;;    Remainder of line is a comment
'<' (1st char.)  Input line to program    ^X    Control-char 'X' (any char.)
|ABORT|  Quit script if true flow state   |AGAIN|     Repeat script
|WAIT|   Wait until a <CR> is typed       |RING WAIT| Ring bell, wait for <CR>
|PAUSE nn| or |RING PAUSE nn|        Wait up to nn secs. for keypress

|RING| or |BELL|     Ring console bell
|UNTIL X|           Use console input until 'X' (any char.) is typed
|WATCHFOR string|    Use console input until "string" is output, then use script
|JOIN|             Omit <CR> and continue on next line
|CR|, |LF|, |CR LF|, |NUL|, |SPACE|, |TAB|  The character(s)

|CCPCMD|   / |ccpcmd off|    Show/ Don't show: CCP command output
|ZEXMSG|   / |zexmsg off|    Show/ Don't show: ZEX command prompt
|FALSECMD| / |FALSECMD OFF|  Show/ Don't show: commands in false flow state
|SILENCE|  / |silence off|   Suppress/ resume: console output
|SAY|      / |END SAY|         Begin/ end:       direct message to console output
|"| = toggle |SAY|                  |'| = toggle |IF TRUE||SAY|
|IF TRUE| or |IF FALSE| / |END IF|  Do script if true(false) flow state
|IF TRUE| .. |ELSE| .. |END IF|     Do script per command flow state
synonyms: |... ON| or |... YES|  /  |... NO| or |... OFF| or |END ...|



                Bridger Mitchell
                Plu*Perfect Systems
                410 23rd St.
                Santa Monica CA 90402
                c/o Ladera Z-Node (213)-670-9465

                October 8, 1989

ntil 'X' (any char.) is typed
|WATCHFOR string|    Use console input until "string" is o