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{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Guatem.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Guatemala"}
{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Guatemala, click {z,"-93.394545,13.090002,-86.801542,17.983972",here}{4}!
{2}Location:{4} Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Honduras and Belize and
bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico
{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 108,890 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 108,430 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Tennessee
{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,687 km
{3}border countries:{4} Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km
{2}Coastline:{4} 400 km
{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm
{2}International disputes:{4} border with Belize in dispute; talks to resolve the dispute are stalled
{2}Climate:{4} tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands
{2}Terrain:{4} mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)
{3}lowest point:{4} Pacific Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m
{2}Natural resources:{4} petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle
{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 12%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 4%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 12%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 40%
{3}other:{4} 32%
{2}Irrigated land:{4} 780 sq km (1989 est.)
{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
{2}natural hazards:{4} numerous volcanoes in mountains, with frequent violent earthquakes; Caribbean
coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms
{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,
Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Law of the Sea
{2}Geographic note:{4} no natural harbors on west coast
{1}People{4}
{2}Population:{4} 11,277,614 (July 1996 est.)
{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 43% (male 2,464,498; female 2,362,457)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 54% (male 3,026,834; female 3,031,278)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 184,927; female 207,620) (July 1996 est.)
{2}Population growth rate:{4} 2.48% (1996 est.)
{2}Birth rate:{4} 33.96 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Death rate:{4} 7.15 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Net migration rate:{4} -1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.89 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 50.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 65.24 years
{3}male:{4} 62.64 years
{3}female:{4} 67.97 years (1996 est.)
{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 4.5 children born/woman (1996 est.)
{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Guatemalan(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Guatemalan
{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Mestizo - mixed Amerindian-Spanish ancestry (in local Spanish called Ladino)
56%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 44%
{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic, Protestant, traditional Mayan
{2}Languages:{4} Spanish 60%, Indian language 40% (23 Indian dialects, including Quiche, Cakchiquel,
Kekchi)
{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 55.6%
{3}male:{4} 62.5%
{3}female:{4} 48.6%
{1}Government{4}
{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Guatemala
{3}conventional short form:{4} Guatemala
{3}local long form:{4} Republica de Guatemala
{3}local short form:{4} Guatemala
{2}Type of government:{4} republic
{2}Capital:{4} Guatemala
{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz,
Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango,
Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos,
Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa
{2}Independence:{4} 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
{2}Constitution:{4} 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986
{3}note:{4} suspended 25 May 1993 by President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster
of president
{2}Legal system:{4} civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal
{2}Executive branch:{4}
chief of state and head of government: President Alvaro Enrique ARZU Irigoyen (since 14 January
1996); Vice President Luis Alberto FLORES Asturias (since 14 January 1996); results - Alvaro
Enrique ARZU Irigoyen (PAN) 51.2%, Jorge PORTILLO Cabrera (FRG) 48.8%; ARZU was
elected for a four-year term by universal suffrage; election runoff held on 14 January 1996 (next to
be held November 2000)
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was named by the president
{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la Republica): elections were held on 12 November 1995
to select 80 new congressmen (next election will be held in November 2000); results - seats (80
total) PAN 43, FRG 21, FDNG 6, DCG 4, UCN 3, UD 2, MLN 1
{3}note:{4} on 11 November 1993 the congress approved a procedure that reduced its number from 116
seats to 80; the procedure provided for a special election in mid-1994 to elect an interim congress
of 80 members to serve until replaced in the November 1995 general election; the plan was
approved in a general referendum in January 1994 and the special election was held on 14 August
1994
{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia); additionally the Court of
Constitutionality is presided over by the President of the Supreme Court, judges are elected for a
five-year term by Congress
{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} National Centrist Union (UCN), (vacant); Solidarity Action Movement
(MAS), Oliverio GARCIA Rodas; Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Alfonso CABRERA Hidalgo;
National Advancement Party (PAN), Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen; National Liberation Movement (MLN),
Mario SANDOVAL Alarcon; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Mario SOLORZANO Martinez;
Revolutionary Party (PR), Carlos CHAVARRIA Perez; Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG),
Efrain RIOS Montt; Democratic Union (UD), Jose CHEA Urruela; New Guatemalan Democratic
Front (FDNG), Jorge GONZALEZ del Valle
{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial,
and Financial Associations (CACIF); Mutual Support Group (GAM); Agrarian Owners Group
(UNAGRO); Committee for Campesino Unity (CUC); leftist guerrilla movement known as
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union (URNG) has four main factions - Guerrilla Army of the
Poor (EGP); Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA); Rebel Armed Forces
(FAR); Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT/O)
{2}International organization participation:{4} BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNMIH, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Pedro LAMPORT Kelsall
{3}chancery:{4} 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] (202) 745-4952 through 4954
{3}FAX:{4} [1] (202) 745-1908
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Marilyn McAFEE
{3}embassy:{4} 7-01 Avenida de la Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City
{3}mailing address:{4} APO AA 34024
{3}telephone:{4} [502] (2) 311541
{3}FAX:{4} [502] (2) 318885
{2}Flag:{4} three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms
centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird)
and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of
independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed
swords and framed by a wreath
{1}Economy{4}
{2}Economic overview:{4} The economy is based on family and corporate agriculture, which accounts
for 25% of GDP, employs about 60% of the labor force, and supplies two-thirds of exports.
Manufacturing, predominantly in private hands, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 12% of the
labor force. In both 1990 and 1991, the economy grew by 3%, the fourth and fifth consecutive
years of mild growth. In 1992 growth picked up to almost 5% as government policies favoring
competition and foreign trade and investment took stronger hold. In 1993-94, despite political
unrest, this momentum continued, foreign investment held up, and annual growth averaged 4%.
Strong international prices for Guatemala's traditional commodity exports featured 4.9% growth in
1995. Given the markedly uneven distribution of land and income, the government faces major
obstacles in its program of economic modernization and the reduction of poverty.
{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $36.7 billion (1995 est.)
{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 4.9% (1995 est.)
{2}GDP per capita:{4} $3,300 (1995 est.)
{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 25%
{3}industry:{4} 20%
{3}services:{4} 55%
{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 9% (1995 est.)
{2}Labor force:{4} 3.2 million (1994 est.)
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 60%, services 13%, manufacturing 12%, commerce 7%, construction
4%, transport 3%, utilities 0.7%, mining 0.3% (1985)
{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 4.9%; underemployment 30%-40% (1994 est.)
{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $1.6 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $1.88 billion, including capital expenditures of $570 million (1996 est.)
{2}Industries:{4} sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism
{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%
{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 700,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 2.3 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 211 kWh (1993)
{2}Agriculture:{4} sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens
{2}Illicit drugs:{4} transit country for cocaine shipments; illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for
the international drug trade; the government has an active eradication program for cannabis and
opium poppy
{2}Exports:{4} $2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} coffee, sugar, bananas, cardamom, beef
{3}partners:{4} US 30%, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Germany, Honduras
{2}Imports:{4} $2.85 billion (c.i.f., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} fuel and petroleum products, machinery, grain, fertilizers, motor vehicles
{3}partners:{4} US 44%, Mexico, Venezuela, Japan, Germany
{2}External debt:{4} $3.1 billion (1995 est.)
{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $84 million (1993)
{2}Currency:{4} 1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos
{2}Exchange rates:{4} free market quetzales (Q) per US$1 - 5.9346 (December 1995), 5.8103 (1995),
5.7512 (1994), 5,6354 (1993), 5.1706 (1992), 5.0289 (1991); note - black-market rate 2.800 (May
1989)
{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year
{1}Transportation{4}
{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 884 km (102 km privately owned)
narrow gauge: 884 km 0.914-m gauge (single track)
{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 12,033 km
{3}paved:{4} 3,117 km (including 125 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 8,916 km (1992 est.)
{2}Waterways:{4} 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season
{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 275 km
{2}Ports:{4} Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla
{2}Merchant marine:{4} none
{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 463
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 5
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 320
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 9
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 124 (1995 est.)
{1}Communications{4}
{2}Telephones:{4} 210,000 (1993 est.)
{2}Telephone system:{4} fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
(Atlantic Ocean)
{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 15
{2}Radios:{4} 400,000 (1993 est.)
{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 25
{2}Televisions:{4} 475,000 (1993 est.)
{1}Defense{4}
{2}Branches:{4} Army, Navy, Air Force
{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 2,659,155
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,737,850
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 126,847 (1996 est.)
{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $130 million, 1% of GDP (1994)