Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/69.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 16KB | 374 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Egypt.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Egypt"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Egypt, click {z,"23.707615,21.104915,38.214257,32.034992",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 1,001,450 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 995,450 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,689 km
{3}border countries:{4} Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1,150 km, Sudan 1,273 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 2,450 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
contiguous zone: 24 nm
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international
boundary creating the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this
disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high

{2}Climate:{4} desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

{2}Terrain:{4} vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
{3}lowest point:{4} Qattara Depression -133 m
{3}highest point:{4} Mount Catherine 2,629 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum,
talc, asbestos, lead, zinc

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 3%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 2%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 0%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 95%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 25,850 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil
salinization below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches,
and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial
effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial
water source; rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources

{2}natural hazards:{4} periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic
activity; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands,
Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Tropical Timber 94

{2}Geographic note:{4} controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of
Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and
Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern
geopolitics


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 63,575,107 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 37% (male 11,970,197; female 11,462,689)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 60% (male 19,127,696; female 18,738,304)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 1,028,916; female 1,247,305) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.91% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 28.18 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 8.7 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.82 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 72.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 61.43 years
{3}male:{4} 59.51 years
{3}female:{4} 63.46 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 3.58 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Egyptian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Egyptian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian,
Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%

{2}Religions:{4} Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94% (official estimate), Coptic Christian and other 6% (official
estimate)

{2}Languages:{4} Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 51.4%
{3}male:{4} 63.6%
{3}female:{4} 38.8%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Arab Republic of Egypt
{3}conventional short form:{4} Egypt
{3}local long form:{4} Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
{3}local short form:{4} none
{3}former:{4} United Arab Republic (with Syria)

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Cairo

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al
Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah,
Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways,
Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina, Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina,
Shamal Sina, Suhaj

{2}Independence:{4} 28 February 1922 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Anniversary of the Revolution, 23 July (1952)

{2}Constitution:{4} 11 September 1971

{2}Legal system:{4} based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review
by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as president 14 October 1981,
eight days after the assassination of President SADAT); national referendum held 4 October 1993
validated MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third six-year presidential term;
note - the president is nominated by the People's Assembly and that nomination must then be
validated by a national, popular referendum
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed al-GANZOURI (since 4 January 1996) was
appointed by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral
People's Assembly (Majlis al-Cha'b): elections last held 29 November 1995 (next to be held NA
2000); results - NDP 72%, idependents 25%, opposition 3%; seats - (454 total, 444 elected, 10
appointed by the president) NDP 317, independents 114, NWP 6, NPUG 5, Nasserist Arab
Democratic Party 1, Liberals 1
Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura): functions only in a consultative role; elections last held 7 June
1995 (next to be held NA); results - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats - (264 total, 176 elected,
88 appointed by the president) seats by party NA

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Constitutional Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} National Democratic Party (NDP), President Mohammed Hosni
MUBARAK, leader, is the dominant party; legal opposition parties are as follows: New Wafd Party
(NWP), Fu'ad SIRAJ AL-DIN; Socialist Labor Party (SLP), Ibrahim SHUKRI; National Progressive
Unionist Grouping (NPUG), Khalid Muhi al-DIN; Socialist Liberal Party, Mustafa Kamal MURAD;
Democratic Unionist Party, Mohammed 'Abd-al-Mun'im TURK; Umma Party, Ahmad al-SABAHI;
Misr al-Fatah Party (Young Egypt Party), leader NA; Nasserist Arab Democratic Party, Dia' al-din
DAWUD; Democratic Peoples' Party, Anwar AFIFI; The Greens Party, Kamal KIRAH; Social
Justice Party, Muhammad 'ABD-AL-'AL
{3}note:{4} formation of political parties must be approved by government

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the
technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political
opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms,
but has moved more aggressively in the past year to block its influence; trade unions and
professional associations are officially sanctioned

{2}International organization participation:{4} ABEDA, ACC, ACCT (associate), AfDB, AFESD, AG
(observer), AL, AMF, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, ESCWA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-
24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OSCE
(partner), PCA, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UNOMIL,
UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Ahmed Maher El SAYED
{3}chancery:{4} 3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone], 5131
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr.
{3}embassy:{4} (North Gate) 8, Kamel El-Din Salah Street, Garden City, Cairo
{3}mailing address:{4} APO AE 09839-4900, Unit 64900, Cairo
{3}telephone:{4} [20] (2) 3557371
{3}FAX:{4} [20] (2) 3573200
branch office: Alexandria

{2}Flag:{4} three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield
superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the
country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white
band; also similar to the flag of Syria that has two green stars and to the flag of Iraq, which has
three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Half of Egypt's GDP originates in the public sector, most industrial plants
being owned by the government. Overregulation holds back technical modernization and foreign
investment. Even so, the economy grew rapidly during the late 1970s and early 1980s, but in 1986
the collapse of world oil prices and an increasingly heavy burden of debt servicing led Egypt to
begin negotiations with the IMF for balance-of-payments support. Egypt's first IMF standby
arrangement, concluded in mid-1987, was suspended in early 1988 because of the government's
failure to adopt promised reforms. Egypt signed a follow-on program with the IMF and also
negotiated a structural adjustment loan with the World Bank in 1991. In 1991-93 the government
made solid progress on administrative reforms such as liberalizing exchange and interest rates,
but resisted implementing major structural reforms like streamlining the public sector. As a result,
the economy has not gained enough momentum to tackle the growing problem of unemployment.
Egypt made uneven progress in implementing the successor programs it signed onto in late 1993
with the IMF and World Bank; currently it is negotiating another successor program with the IMF.
President MUBARAK has cited population growth as the main cause of the country's economic
troubles. The addition of about 1.2 million people a year to the already huge population of 63
million exerts enormous pressure on the 5% of the land area available for agriculture along the
Nile.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $171 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 4% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $2,760 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} NA%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 9.4% (yearend 1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 16 million (1994 est.)
{3}by occupation:{4} government, public sector enterprises, and armed forces 36%, agriculture 34%,
privately owned service and manufacturing enterprises 20% (1984)
{3}note:{4} shortage of skilled labor; 2.5 million Egyptians work abroad, mostly in Saudi Arabia and the
Gulf Arab states (1993 est.)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 20% (1995 est.)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $18 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $19.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.8 billion (FY94/95 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement, metals

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 11,830,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 44.5 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 695 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats;
annual fish catch about 140,000 metric tons

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to
Europe and the US; popular transit stop for Nigerian couriers; large domestic consumption of
hashish from Lebanon and Syria

{2}Exports:{4} $5.4 billion (f.o.b., FY94/95 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} crude oil and petroleum products, cotton yarn, raw cotton, textiles, metal products,
chemicals
{3}partners:{4} EU, US, Japan

{2}Imports:{4} $15.2 billion (c.i.f., FY94/95 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and equipment, foods, fertilizers, wood products, durable consumer
goods, capital goods
{3}partners:{4} US, EU, Japan

{2}External debt:{4} $33.6 billion (FY93/94 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $1.713 billion (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Egyptian pound (úE) = 100 piasters

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Egyptian pounds (úE) per US$1 - 3.4 (November 1994), 3.369 (November 1993),
3.345 (November 1992), 2.7072 (1990); market rate: 3.3920 (January 1996), 3.3900 (1995),
3.3910 (1994), 3.3718 (1993), 3.3386 (1992), 3.3322 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 July - 30 June


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 4,751 km
standard gauge: 4,751 km 1,435-m gauge (42 km electrified; 951 km double track)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 47,387 km
{3}paved:{4} 34,593 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 12,794 km (1992 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 3,500 km (including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and
numerous smaller canals in the delta); Suez Canal, 193.5 km long (including approaches), used
by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas 460 km

{2}Ports:{4} Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsa Matruh, Port Said,
Suez

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 164 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,187,290 GRT/1,833,108 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 22, cargo 74, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 14, passenger 33, refrigerated
cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 15, short-sea passenger 4 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 80
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 11
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 34
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 16
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 9
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 4 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 2 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 2.2 million (1993)

{2}Telephone system:{4} large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present
requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading
{3}domestic:{4} principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are
connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and
1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to
Israel; participant in Medarabtel

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 39, FM 6, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 41

{2}Televisions:{4} 5 million (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 16,530,460
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 10,723,011
males reach military age (20) annually: 660,453 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $3.5 billion, 8.2% of GDP (FY94/95 est.)