Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/68.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 13KB | 339 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Ecuad.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Ecuador"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Ecuador, click {z,"-83.502335,-5.654254,-73.450257,2.048847",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia
and Peru

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 283,560 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 276,840 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Nevada
{3}note:{4} includes Galapagos Islands

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,010 km
{3}border countries:{4} Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 2,237 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands
{3}territorial sea:{4} 200 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} three sections of the boundary with Peru are in dispute

{2}Climate:{4} tropical along coast becoming cooler inland

{2}Terrain:{4} coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern
jungle (oriente)
{3}lowest point:{4} Pacific Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Chimborazo 6,267 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} petroleum, fish, timber

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 6%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 3%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 17%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 51%
{3}other:{4} 23%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 5,500 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution

{2}natural hazards:{4} frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear
Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling

{2}Geographic note:{4} Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 11,466,291 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 35% (male 2,062,468; female 1,996,679)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 60% (male 3,403,197; female 3,489,728)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 5% (male 241,217; female 273,002) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.96% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 25.06 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 5.5 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.88 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 34.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 71.09 years
{3}male:{4} 68.49 years
{3}female:{4} 73.82 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 2.89 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Ecuadorian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Ecuadorian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish) 55%, Indian 25%, Spanish 10%, black 10%

{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic 95%

{2}Languages:{4} Spanish (official), Indian languages (especially Quechua)

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 90.1%
{3}male:{4} 92%
{3}female:{4} 88.2%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Ecuador
{3}conventional short form:{4} Ecuador
{3}local long form:{4} Republica del Ecuador
{3}local short form:{4} Ecuador

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Quito

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 21 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar,
Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los
Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-
Chinchipe

{2}Independence:{4} 24 May 1822 (from Spain)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 10 August (1809) (independence of Quito)

{2}Constitution:{4} 10 August 1979

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other
eligible voters

{2}Executive branch:{4}
chief of state and head of government: President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN Cordovez (since 10
August 1992); Vice President Eduardo PENA Trivino (since 18 October 1995); president and vice
president were elected for four-year terms by universal suffrage; runoff election held 5 July 1992;
results - Sixto DURAN-BALLEN elected as president (next election was held 19 May 1996; no
presidential candidate received more than 50% of the vote; a runoff election between BUCARAM
and NEBOT will be held on 7 July 1996); note - former Vice President DAHIK resigned 11 October
1995 and left the country to escape arrest on corruption charges; National Congress chose PENA
as his successor in accordance with the constitution
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Congress (Congreso Nacional): elections last held 19 May 1996; results - percent of vote
by party NA; seats - (82 total) PSC 27, PRE 21, DP 10, Pachakutik Movement 7, ID 5, PLRE 3,
MPD 2, APRE 2, CFP 1, independent and other 4

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court (Corte Suprema), judges are elected by the Chamber of
Representatives

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4}
Center-Right parties: Republican Unity Party (PUR); Social Christian Party (PSC), Jaime NEBOT
Saadi, president; Ecuadorian Conservative Party (PCE), President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN (two
parties merged in 1995)
Center-Left parties: Democratic Left (ID), Andres VALLEJO Arcos, Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos,
leaders; Popular Democracy (DP), Rodrigo PAZ, leader; Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party (PLRE),
Medardo MORA, leader; Radical Alfarista Front (FRA), Jaime ASPIAZU Seminario, director
Populist parties: Roldosist Party (PRE), Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director; Concentration of
Popular Forces (CFP), Rodolfo BAQUERIZO Nazur, leader; Popular Revolutionary Action
(APRE), Frank VARGAS Passos, leader
Far-Left parties: Popular Democratic Movement (MPD), Juan Jose CASTELLO, leader;
Ecuadorian Socialist Party (PSE), Leon ROLDOS, leader; Broad Leftist Front (FADI), Rene
Mauge MOSQUERA, chairman; Ecuadorian National Liberation (LN), Alfredo CASTILLO, director
Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro-North Korea), Rene Mauge MOSQUERA,
Secretary General; Communist Party of Ecuador/Marxist-Leninist (PCMLE, Maoist)

{2}International organization participation:{4} AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU,
LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Edgar TERAN Teran
{3}chancery:{4} 2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San
Francisco
consulate(s): Newark

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Peter F. ROMERO
{3}embassy:{4} Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito
{3}mailing address:{4} APO AA 34039
{3}telephone:{4} [593] (2) 562-890
{3}FAX:{4} [593] (2) 502-052
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Guayaquil

{2}Flag:{4} three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms
superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia that is shorter and does not
bear a coat of arms


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Growth has
been uneven in recent years because of fluctuations in prices for Ecuador's primary exports - oil
and bananas - as well as because of government policies designed to curb inflation. President
Sixto DURAN-BALLEN launched a series of macroeconomic reforms when he came into office in
August 1992, which included raising domestic fuel prices and utility rates, eliminating most
subsidies, and bringing the government budget into balance. These measures helped to reduce
inflation from 55% in 1992 to 25% in 1995. DURAN-BALLEN has a much more favorable attitude
toward foreign investment than his predecessor and has supported several laws designed to
encourage foreign investment. Ecuador has implemented free or complementary trade
agreements with Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, as well as joined the World Trade
Organization. Growth slowed to 2.3% in 1995 due in part to high domestic interest rates and
shortages of electric power.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $44.6 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2.3% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $4,100 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 13%
{3}industry:{4} 39%
{3}services:{4} 48% (1992 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 25% (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 2.8 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 35%, manufacturing 21%, commerce 16%, services and other
activities 28% (1982)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 7.1% (1994)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $3.3 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $3.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1996 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal work, paper products, wood products,
chemicals, plastics, fishing, lumber

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 6.4% (1993)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 2,230,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 6.9 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 612 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc, plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep,
pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} significant transit country for derivatives of coca originating in Colombia, Bolivia, and
Peru; minor illicit producer of coca; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit
narcotics; important money-laundering hub

{2}Exports:{4} $4 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} petroleum 39%, bananas 17%, shrimp 16%, cocoa 3%, coffee 6%
{3}partners:{4} US 42%, Latin America 29%, Caribbean, EU countries 17%

{2}Imports:{4} $3.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} transport equipment, consumer goods, vehicles, machinery, chemicals
{3}partners:{4} US 28%, EU 17%, Latin America 31%, Caribbean, Japan

{2}External debt:{4} $12.6 billion (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $153 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} received $12.7 million from the US and $160 million from other countries in 1995

{2}Currency:{4} 1 sucre (S/) = 100 centavos

{2}Exchange rates:{4} sucres (S/) per US$1 - 2914.8 (31 December 1995), 2,564.5 (1995), 2,196.7
(1994), 1,919.1 (1993), 1,534.0 (1992), 1,046.25 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 965 km (single track)
narrow gauge: 965 km 1.067-m gauge

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 43,709 km
{3}paved:{4} 5,245 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 38,464 km (1991 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 1,500 km

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km

{2}Ports:{4} Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, San Lorenzo

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 114,701 GRT/171,240 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} container 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 12, passenger 3, refrigerated cargo 1
(1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 188
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 7
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 8
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 13
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 121
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 5
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 32 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 586,300 (1994 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4}
{3}domestic:{4} facilities generally inadequate and unreliable
{3}international:{4} satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 272, FM 0, shortwave 39

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 33

{2}Televisions:{4} 940,000 (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army (Ejercito Ecuatoriano), Navy (Armada Ecuatoriana, includes Marines), Air Force
(Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana), National Police

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 2,968,361
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 2,006,509
males reach military age (20) annually: 121,241 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $386 million, 2.1% of GDP (1995)