Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/47.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 13KB | 329 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Chad.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Chad"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Chad, click {z,"-0.278817,1.278971,37.575216,30.204638",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Central Africa, south of Libya

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 1.284 million sq km
{3}land area:{4} 1,259,200 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly more than three times the size of California

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 5,968 km
{3}border countries:{4} Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger
1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the
100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad and that Libya must
withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya has withdrawn some of its forces in response to the ICJ
ruling, but still maintains part of the airfield and a small military presence at the airfield's water
supply located in Chad; demarcation of international boundaries in vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack
of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by
Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria

{2}Climate:{4} tropical in south, desert in north

{2}Terrain:{4} broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
{3}lowest point:{4} Djourab Depression 175 m
{3}highest point:{4} Emi Koussi 3,415 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish
(Lake Chad)

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 36%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 11%
{3}other:{4} 51%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 100 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas
contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification

{2}natural hazards:{4} hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear
Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 6,976,845 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 44% (male 1,543,688; female 1,535,729)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 53% (male 1,807,361; female 1,881,930)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 91,998; female 116,139) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 2.68% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 44.25 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 17.44 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.96 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.79 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 120.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 47.55 years
{3}male:{4} 45.18 years
{3}female:{4} 50.01 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 5.84 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Chadian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Chadian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4}
north and center: Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi,
Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)
south: non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)

{2}Religions:{4} Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs (mostly animism) 25%

{2}Languages:{4} French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different
languages and dialects

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write in French or Arabic (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 48.1%
{3}male:{4} 62.1%
{3}female:{4} 34.7%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Chad
{3}conventional short form:{4} Chad
{3}local long form:{4} Republique du Tchad
{3}local short form:{4} Tchad

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} N'Djamena

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-
Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-
Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile

{2}Independence:{4} 11 August 1960 (from France)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

{2}Constitution:{4} 31 March 1995, passed by referendum

{2}Legal system:{4} based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; does not accept
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} NA years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990, after seizing power on 3
December 1990); note - transitional government's mandate was scheduled to expire in May 1996;
the first round of presidential elections was scheduled for 2 June 1996, with a runoff on 23 June if
necessary
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Djimasta KOIBLA (since 9 April 1995) elected by the
Sovereign National Conference
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of State appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur de Transition: popular elections to the former
National Consultative Council (Conceil National Consultatif) were last held 8 July 1990; this body
was disbanded on 3 December 1990 by President DEBY and on 8 March 1991 replaced with the
Provisional Council of the Republic having 30 members whom he appointed; this body, in turn,
was replaced on 6 April 1993 by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur de
Transition) elected by a specially convened Sovereign National Conference; popular elections,
formerly scheduled for April 1995, were initially postponed by mutual agreement of the parties
concerned until at least May 1996 and subsequently postponed until after the rainy season (as
late as October 1996); note - the name of the anticipated new legislative body has not been
announced

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Court of Appeal

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), former dissident group, Idriss
DEBY, chairman
{3}note:{4} President DEBY, who promised political pluralism, a new constitution, and free elections by
April 1994, subsequently twice postponed these initiatives; there are numerous dissident groups
and at least 45 opposition political parties

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} NA

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-
77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU,
NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WToO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Mahamat Saleh AHMAT
{3}chancery:{4} 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Laurence E. POPE II
{3}embassy:{4} Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena
{3}mailing address:{4} B. P. 413, N'Djamena
{3}telephone:{4} [235] (51) 70-09, (51) 90-52, (51) 92-33
{3}FAX:{4} [235] (51) 56-54

{2}Flag:{4} three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania;
also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield
centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of
infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is
hobbled by political turmoil, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown
little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late
1980s. More than 80% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is
the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign
aid, especially food credits, given chronic shortages in several regions. Of all the Francophone
countries in Africa, Chad has benefited the least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies on
12 January 1994. Despite an increase in external financial aid and favorable price increases for
cotton - the primary source of foreign exchange - the corrupt and enfeebled government
bureaucracy continues to postpone payment of public sector salaries and to dampen economic
enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers. The devaluation resulted in stepped-up
inflation of 41% in 1994; in contrast to other Francophone countries, Chad continued to suffer high
inflation in 1995 because of the government's lack of financial discipline. Oil production in the
Lake Chad area remains a distant prospect and the subsistence-driven economy probably will
continue to limp along in the near term.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 4% (1994 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $600 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 49%
{3}industry:{4} 17%
{3}services:{4} 34%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 41% (1994 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} NA
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $120 million
{3}expenditures:{4} $363 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million (1992 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} cotton textiles, meat packing, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap,
cigarettes, construction materials

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 40,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 80 million kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 13 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep,
goats, camels

{2}Exports:{4} $132 million (f.o.b., 1993)
{3}commodities:{4} cotton, cattle, textiles, fish
{3}partners:{4} France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Zaire, Sudan, Central African Republic

{2}Imports:{4} $201 million (f.o.b., 1993)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum
products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; textiles; note - excludes military equipment
{3}partners:{4} US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Italy, Germany

{2}External debt:{4} $757 million (December 1993 )

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

{2}Exchange rates:{4} CFA Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20
(1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)
{3}note:{4} beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from
CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4} 0 km

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 31,141 km
{3}paved:{4} 32 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 31,109 km (1987 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 2,000 km navigable

{2}Ports:{4} none

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 47
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 11
{3}with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 13
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 18 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 5,000 (1987 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} primitive system
{3}domestic:{4} fair system of radiotelephone communication stations
{3}international:{4} satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 1 (1987 est.)
{3}note:{4} limited TV service; many facilities are inoperative

{2}Televisions:{4} 7,000 (1991 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican
Guard, Police

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,562,052
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 809,210
males reach military age (20) annually: 63,254 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $74 million, 11.1% of GDP (1994)