Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/31.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 10KB | 296 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Botswa.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Botswana"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Botswana, click {z,"18.094635,-27.065494,30.966635,-17.111317",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southern Africa, north of South Africa

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 600,370 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 585,370 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Texas

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 4,013 km
{3}border countries:{4} Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} short section of boundary with Namibia is indefinite; quadripoint with
Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Namibia over uninhabited
Kasikili (Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River remained unresolved in January 1996 and the
parties have agreed to refer the matter to the ICJ

{2}Climate:{4} semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

{2}Terrain:{4} predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
{3}lowest point:{4} junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m
{3}highest point:{4} Tsodilo Hill 1,489 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 75%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 2%
{3}other:{4} 21%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 20 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} overgrazing, primarily as a result of the expansion of the cattle population;
desertification; limited natural fresh water resources

{2}natural hazards:{4} periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and
dust across the country, which can obscure visibility

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of
the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 1,477,630 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 42% (male 317,254; female 309,617)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 54% (male 374,572; female 419,991)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 4% (male 22,314; female 33,882) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.63% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 33.34 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 17.01 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.89 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.66 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.94 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 54.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 46.01 years
{3}male:{4} 44.94 years
{3}female:{4} 47.11 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 4.26 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
{3}adjective:{4} Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Batswana 95%, Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi 4%, white 1%

{2}Religions:{4} indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%

{2}Languages:{4} English (official), Setswana

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 69.8%
{3}male:{4} 80.5%
{3}female:{4} 59.9%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Botswana
{3}conventional short form:{4} Botswana
{3}former:{4} Bechuanaland

{2}Type of government:{4} parliamentary republic

{2}Capital:{4} Gaborone

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 10 districts and four town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*,
Gaborone*,Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-
Phikwe*, South-East, Southern,

{2}Independence:{4} 30 September 1966 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 30 September (1966)

{2}Constitution:{4} March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

{2}Legal system:{4} based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to
matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 21 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
chief of state and head of government: President Sir Ketumile MASIRE (since 13 July 1980) was
elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly; election last held 15 October 1994 (next to
be held October 1999); Vice President Festus MOGAE (since 9 March 1992) was appointed by
the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral Parliament
House of Chiefs: is a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight
principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12
National Assembly: elections last held 15 October 1994 (next to be held October 1999); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (44 total, 40 elected and 4 appointed by the majority party)
BDP 27, BNF 13

{2}Judicial branch:{4} High Court; Court of Appeal

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Sir Ketumile MASIRE; Botswana
National Front (BNF), Kenneth KOMA; Botswana People's Party (BPP), Knight MARIPE;
Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai MPHO

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO,
ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU,
SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,
WHO, WMO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Archibald MOGWE
{3}chancery:{4} Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone], 4991
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Howard F. JETER
{3}embassy:{4} address NA, Gaborone
{3}mailing address:{4} P. O. Box 90, Gaborone
{3}telephone:{4} [267] 353982
{3}FAX:{4} [267] 356947

{2}Flag:{4} light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} The economy has historically been based on cattle raising and crops.
Agriculture today provides a livelihood for more than 80% of the population but supplies only
about 50% of food needs and accounts for only 5% of GDP. Subsistence farming and cattle
raising predominate. The sector is plagued by erratic rainfall and poor soils. The driving force
behind the rapid economic growth of the 1970s and 1980s has been the mining industry. This
sector, mostly on the strength of diamonds, has gone from generating 25% of GDP in 1980 to
39% in 1994. The unemployment rate remains a problem at 21%. Hampered by a still sluggish
diamond market in 1994 and 1995, GDP grew by only 1% in both years.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $4.5 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 1% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $3,200 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 5%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA% (1995 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 10% (1994 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 428,000 (1992)
{3}by occupation:{4} 220,000 formal sector employees; 14,300 are employed in various mines in South
Africa; most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1992 est.)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 21% (1995 est.)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $1.7 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $1.99 billion, including capital expenditures of $652 million (FY93/94)

{2}Industries:{4} diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 4.6% (FY92/93)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 220,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 900 million kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 694 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} sorghum, maize, millet, pulses, groundnuts (peanuts), beans, cowpeas, sunflower
seed; livestock

{2}Exports:{4} $1.8 billion (f.o.b. 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} diamonds 78%, copper and nickel 6%, meat 5%
{3}partners:{4} Switzerland, UK, Southern African Customs Union (SACU),

{2}Imports:{4} $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992)
{3}commodities:{4} foodstuffs, vehicles and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products
{3}partners:{4} Switzerland, Southern African Customs Union (SACU), UK, US

{2}External debt:{4} $691 million (1994)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $189 million (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 pula (P) = 100 thebe

{2}Exchange rates:{4} pula (P) per US$1 - 2.8305 (January 1996), 2.7716 (1995), 2.6831 (1994), 2.4190
(1993), 2.1327 (1992), 2.0173 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 April - 31 March


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 971 km
narrow gauge: 971 km 1.067-m gauge (1995)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 11,448 km
{3}paved:{4} 1,590 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 9,858 km (1988 est.)

{2}Ports:{4} none

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 81
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 9
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 22
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 3
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 44 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 19,109 (1985 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} sparse system
{3}domestic:{4} small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone
communication stations
{3}international:{4} microwave radio relay links to Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa; satellite earth
station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 7, FM 13, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 0 (1988 est.)

{2}Televisions:{4} 13,800 (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 334,177
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 175,471
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 17,088 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $199 million, 5.2% of GDP (FY93/94)