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{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Sloveni.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Slovenia"}
{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Slovenia, click {z,"10.925977,43.351091,17.842275,48.755407",here}{4}!
{2}Location:{4} Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Croatia and Italy
{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 20,256 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 20,256 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than New Jersey
{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,207 km
{3}border countries:{4} Austria 324 km, Croatia 546 km, Italy 235 km, Hungary 102 km
{2}Coastline:{4} 46.6 km
{2}Maritime claims:{4} NA
{2}International disputes:{4} maritime border dispute with Croatia over direct access to the sea in the
Adriatic; the border issue is currently under negotiation
{2}Climate:{4} Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and
cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
{2}Terrain:{4} a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy, mixed
mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
{3}lowest point:{4} Adriatic Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Triglav 2,864 m
{2}Natural resources:{4} lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver
{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 10%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 2%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 20%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 45%
{3}other:{4} 23%
{2}Irrigated land:{4} NA sq km
{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters
with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at
metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
{2}natural hazards:{4} flooding and earthquakes
{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not
ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
{1}People{4}
{2}Population:{4} 1,951,443 (July 1996 est.)
{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 17% (male 172,778; female 163,695)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 70% (male 682,501; female 678,781)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 13% (male 91,819; female 161,869) (July 1996 est.)
{2}Population growth rate:{4} -0.27% (1996 est.)
{2}Birth rate:{4} 8.27 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Death rate:{4} 9.4 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Net migration rate:{4} -1.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.57 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.94 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 75.09 years
{3}male:{4} 71.4 years
{3}female:{4} 79 years (1996 est.)
{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.13 children born/woman (1996 est.)
{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Slovene(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Slovenian
{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Slovene 91%, Croat 3%, Serb 2%, Muslim 1%, other 3%
{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic 96% (including 2% Uniate), Muslim 1%, other 3%
{2}Languages:{4} Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 7%, other 2%
{2}Literacy:{4} NA
{1}Government{4}
{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Slovenia
{3}conventional short form:{4} Slovenia
{3}local long form:{4} Republika Slovenije
{3}local short form:{4} Slovenija
{2}Type of government:{4} emerging democracy
{2}Capital:{4} Ljubljana
{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 60 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina) Ajdovscina, Brezice, Celje,
Cerknica, Crnomelj, Dravograd, Gornja Radgona, Grosuplje, Hrastnik Lasko, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica,
Izola, Jesenice, Kamnik, Kocevje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Lenart, Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana-Bezigrad,
Ljubljana-Center, Ljubljana-Moste-Polje, Ljubljana-Siska, Ljubljana-Vic-Rudnik, Ljutomer, Logatec,
Maribor, Metlika, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormoz, Pesnica, Piran,
Postojna, Ptuj, Radlje Ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne Na Koroskem, Ribnica, Ruse, Sentjur Pri
Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skofja Loka, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice,
Smarje Pri Jelsah, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trzic, Velenje, Vrhnika, Zagorje Ob Savi, Zalec
{2}Independence:{4} 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
{2}National holiday:{4} National Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
{2}Constitution:{4} adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991
{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system
{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990) was reelected for a five-year term by
universal suffrage; election last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Milan
KUCAN reelected
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992) was nominated by
the president and elected by the National Assembly
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National
Assembly
{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral; advisory National Council
National Assembly: elections last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held Fall 1996); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (90 total) LDS 22, SKD 15, ZLSD 14, SNS 12, SLS 10, DSS
6, ZS 5, SDSS 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1; note - seating as of January 1996 is as
follows: LDS 30, SKD 15, ZLSD 14, SLS 12, DSS 4, SDSS 4, SNS 4, SND 3, Hungarian minority
1, Italian minority 1, independents 2
National Council: the Council is an advisory body with no direct legislative powers; in the election
of 6 December 1992, 40 members were elected to represent local, professional, and
socioeconomic interests (next election to be held NA Fall 1996)
{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judges are elected by the National Assembly on recommendation
of the Judicial Council; Constitutional Court, judges elected for nine-year terms by the National
Assembly and nominated by the president
{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Liberal Democratic (LDS), Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman; Slovene
Christian Democrats (SKD), Lozje PETERLE, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Slovenia
(SDSS), Janez JANSA, chairman; Slovene People's Party (SLS), Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman;
United List (former Communists and allies - ZLSD), Janez KOCIJANCIC, chairman; Slovene
National Party (SNS), Zmago JELINCIC, chairman; Democratic Party (DSS), Tone PERSAK,
chairman; Greens of Slovenia (ZS), Dusan PLUT, chairman, note - Greens merged with the LDS;
Slovene National Right (SND), Saso LAP, chairman
{3}note:{4} parties have changed as of the December 1992 elections
{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} none
{2}International organization participation:{4} CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Ernest PETRIC
{3}chancery:{4} 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
{3}telephone:{4} [1] (202) 667-5363
{3}FAX:{4} [1] (202) 667-4563
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} New York
{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Victor JACKOVICH
{3}embassy:{4} address NA, Ljubljana
{3}mailing address:{4} P.O. Box 254, Prazakova 4, 61000 Ljubljana; American Embassy, Ljubljana,
Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7140
{3}telephone:{4} [386] (61) 301-427, 472, 485
{3}FAX:{4} [386] (61) 301-401
{2}Flag:{4} three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red with the Slovenian seal (a shield
with the image of Triglav in white against a blue background at the center, beneath it are two wavy
blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an
inverted triangle); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and
blue bands
{1}Economy{4}
{2}Economic overview:{4} Slovenia appears to be making a solid economic recovery, fulfilling the
promise it showed at the time of Yugoslavia's breakup. Its per capita GDP is now the highest in
Central and Eastern Europe and not far below the levels in the poorer West European countries.
Slovenia has benefited from strong ties to Western Europe and suffered comparatively small
physical damage during Yugoslavia's breakup. The beginning was difficult, however. Real GDP fell
15% in 1991-92, while inflation soared to 200% in 1992 and unemployment reached 9%. The
turning point came in 1993, when real GDP grew 1%, unemployment leveled off, and inflation
slowed dramatically. In 1994, real GDP rose 5.5%, tapering off to an estimated 4.8% in 1995,
while inflation and unemployment both were down to about 8% by late 1995. The government gets
good marks from foreign observers for fiscal policy - the budget deficit has not exceeded 1% of
GDP in any year since 1991, and the current account balance has remained in surplus throughout
the transition period, with the exception of 1995. The Slovene privatization program, which began
in 1994, involves about 1,400 firms, but only 412 have been privatized. The rest are expected to
reach private hands by end-1996, but that does not include firms in so-called strategic industries,
such as telecommunications and energy. Foreign investment jumped to an estimated $150 million
in 1995 from $83.7 million in 1994. With inflation and unemployment expected to continue edging
down, the outlook for 1996 is generally good. A slowdown in Western Europe - which buys 70% of
Slovenia's exports - could hurt exports, however, lowering GDP growth to about 4% and perhaps
pushing the current account into a small deficit.
{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $22.6 billion (1995 est.)
{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 4.8% (1995 est.)
{2}GDP per capita:{4} $11,000 (1995 est.)
{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 5.3%
{3}industry:{4} 39.9%
{3}services:{4} 54.8% (1992 est.)
{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 8% (December 1995 est.)
{2}Labor force:{4} 786,036
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 2%, manufacturing and mining 46%
{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 8% (December 1995 est.)
{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $6.6 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $6.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993)
{2}Industries:{4} ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled products,
lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power
equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 2% (1995 est.)
{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 2,700,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 8.9 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 4,470 kWh (1993)
{2}Agriculture:{4} potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry
{2}Illicit drugs:{4} transit point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe
{2}Exports:{4} $8.3 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and transport equipment 27%, intermediate manufactured goods 26%,
chemicals 9%, food 4.8%, raw materials 3%, consumer goods 26% (1993)
{3}partners:{4} Germany 30.9%, former Yugoslavia 14.0%, Italy 14.1%, France 8.9%, Austria 6.4%,
CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement) countries 5% (January-August 1995 est.)
{2}Imports:{4} $9.1 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and transport equipment 30%, intermediate manufactured goods 17.6%,
chemicals 11.5%, raw materials 5.3%, fuels and lubricants 10.8%, food 8.4% (1993)
{3}partners:{4} Germany 23.3%, Italy 16.8%, former Yugoslavia 7.0%, France 8.5%, Austria 9.7%
(January-August 1995 est.)
{2}External debt:{4} $2.9 billion (1995)
{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $5 million (1993)
{2}Currency:{4} 1 tolar (SlT) = 100 stotins
{2}Exchange rates:{4} tolars (SlT) per US$1 - 121.27 (November 1995), 118.9 (1995), 128.81 (1994),
113.24 (1993), 81.29 (1992), 27.57 (1991)
{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year
{1}Transportation{4}
{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,201 km
standard gauge: 1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 499 km) (1994)
{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 14,794 km
{3}paved:{4} 13,314 km (including 187 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 1,480 km (1994 est.)
{2}Waterways:{4} NA
{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km
{2}Ports:{4} Izola, Koper, Piran
{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 229,727 GRT/290,456 DWT (controlled by Slovenian
owners)
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 9, cargo 1, container 4
{3}note:{4} ships operate under the flags of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Liberia, and
Antigua and Barbuda; no ships remain under the Slovenian flag (1995 est.)
{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 14
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 5
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 2 (1995 est.)
{1}Communications{4}
{2}Telephones:{4} 527,800 (1993 est.)
{2}Telephone system:{4}
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} NA
{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 0
{3}note:{4} there are more than 20 regional and local radio broadcast stations
{2}Radios:{4} 596,100 (1993 est.)
{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 7
{3}note:{4} there are more than 20 local cable television broadcast stations
{2}Televisions:{4} 454,400 (1993 est.)
{1}Defense{4}
{2}Branches:{4} Slovene Defense Forces
{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 525,925
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 419,456
males reach military age (19) annually: 15,350 (1996 est.)
{2}Defense expenditures:{4} 13.5 billion tolars, 3.6% of GDP (1995 est.); note - conversion of the
military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results