Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/198.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 12KB | 319 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Rwanda.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Rwanda"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Rwanda, click {z,"28.455543,-3.190935,31.537269,-0.825515",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Central Africa, east of Zaire

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 26,340 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 24,950 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Maryland

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 893 km
{3}border countries:{4} Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} none

{2}Climate:{4} temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in
mountains with frost and snow possible

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to
east
{3}lowest point:{4} Rusizi River 950 m
{3}highest point:{4} Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), natural gas, hydropower

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 29%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 11%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 18%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 10%
{3}other:{4} 32%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 40 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil
exhaustion; soil erosion

{2}natural hazards:{4} periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the
border with Zaire

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not
ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked; predominantly rural population


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 6,853,359 (July 1996 est.)
{3}note:{4} genocide and civil war in 1994 killed more than 1 million Rwandans and forced more than 2
million to flee to neighboring countries

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 46% (male 1,582,928; female 1,573,536)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 51% (male 1,734,716; female 1,772,722)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 78,854; female 110,603) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 16.49% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 38.83 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 20.33 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 146.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{3}note:{4} since April 1994, more than two million refugees have fled the civil strife between the Hutu
and Tutsi factions in Rwanda and crossed into Zaire, Burundi, and Tanzania; close to 800,000
Rwandan Tutsis who fled civil strife in earlier years have returned to Rwanda, and 90,000 of the
Hutu refugees are going home despite the perceived danger of doing so; the ethnic violence
continues and in 1996 could produce further refugee flows as well as discourage returns

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.71 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 118.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 40.12 years
{3}male:{4} 39.72 years
{3}female:{4} 40.53 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 5.99 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Rwandan(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Rwandan

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Hutu 80%, Tutsi 19%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%

{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other 25%

{2}Languages:{4} Kinyarwanda (official), French (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 60.5%
{3}male:{4} 69.8%
{3}female:{4} 51.6%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Rwanda
{3}conventional short form:{4} Rwanda
{3}local long form:{4} Republika y'u Rwanda
{3}local short form:{4} Rwanda

{2}Type of government:{4} republic; presidential system

{2}Capital:{4} Kigali

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 10 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA,
singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama,
Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali, Ruhengeri

{2}Independence:{4} 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

{2}Constitution:{4} 18 June 1991

{2}Legal system:{4} based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review
of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} NA years of age; universal adult

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); installed by force by the Tutsi
Rwandan Patriotic Front; no date set for elections; president is normally elected for a five-year
term by universal suffrage; Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since NA)
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since NA September 1995) was
appointed by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the president

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): sworn in on 25 November 1994; seats - (70 total) RPF
19, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, other 2

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Constitutional Court, consists of the Court of Cassation and the Council of State
in joint session

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} significant parties include: Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), Alexis
KANYARENGWE, chairman; Democratic Republican Movement (MDR); Liberal Party (PL);
Democratic and Socialist Party (PSD); Christian Democratic Party (PDC); Islamic Democratic
Party (PDI); Rwandan Socialist Party (PSR); National Movement for Democracy and Development
(MRND), former ruling party

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA), the RPF military wing, Maj. Gen.
Paul KAGAME, commander; Rally for the Democracy and Return (RDR)

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-
77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Theogene RUDASINGWA
{3}chancery:{4} 1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Robert GRIBBIN III
{3}embassy:{4} Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali
{3}mailing address:{4} B. P. 28, Kigali
{3}telephone:{4} [250] 756 01 through 03, 721 26, 771 47
{3}FAX:{4} [250] 721 28

{2}Flag:{4} three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R
centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of
Guinea, which has a plain yellow band


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Rwanda is a poor African nation suffering bitterly from ethnic-based civil war.
The agricultural sector dominates the economy; coffee and tea normally make up 80%-90% of
total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion
continue to create problems. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural
products. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per
capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October
1990. Ethnic-based insurgency since 1990 has devastated wide areas, especially in the north, and
displaced hundreds of thousands of people. A peace accord in mid-1993 temporarily ended most
of the fighting, but resumption of large-scale civil warfare in April 1994 in the capital city Kigali and
elsewhere has been taking thousands of lives and severely affecting short-term economic
prospects. The economy suffers massively from failure to maintain the infrastructure, looting,
neglect of important cash crops, and lack of health care facilities. GDP in 1994 may have dropped
by as much as half. The further decline of GDP in 1995 was much smaller and was more than
offset by aid from the outside. Because of the severe damage to real property and the decline in
public discipline, recovery of domestic production toward previous levels is proceeding slowly.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $3.8 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -2.7% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $400 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 52%
{3}industry:{4} 13%
{3}services:{4} 35% (1994 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 64% (1994 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 3.6 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2%

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin, cement, agricultural
processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles,
cigarettes

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} -50% (1994 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 60,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 190 million kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 23 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans,
sorghum, potatoes; livestock

{2}Exports:{4} $52 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} coffee 63%, tea, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum
{3}partners:{4} Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US

{2}Imports:{4} $37 million (1994 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum
products, cement and construction material
{3}partners:{4} US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan

{2}External debt:{4} $873 million (1993 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA
{3}note:{4} in October 1990 Rwanda launched a Structural Adjustment Program with the IMF; since
September 1991, the EC has given $46 million and the US $25 million in support of this program
(1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Rwandan franc (RF) = 100 centimes

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 401.27 (2nd quarter 1994), 168.20 (1993),
133.35 (1992), 125.14 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4} 0 km

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 13,173 km
{3}paved:{4} 1,186 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 11,987 km (1990 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft

{2}Ports:{4} Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 7
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 3
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 6,400 (1983 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} telephone system does not provide service to the general public but is
intended for business and government use
{3}domestic:{4} the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio
relay; the remainder of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone
{3}international:{4} international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and
satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian
Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 630,000 (1993 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 1

{2}Televisions:{4} NA


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Gendarmerie

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,582,656
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 805,722 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $112.5 million, 7% of GDP (1992)