Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/138.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 12KB | 318 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\libya.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Libya"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Libya, click {z,"6.293945,18.455890,29.703205,36.412444",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 1,759,540 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 1,759,540 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than Alaska

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 4,383 km
{3}border countries:{4} Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km,
Tunisia 459 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 1,770 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm
Gulf of Sidra closing line: 32 degrees 30 minutes north

{2}International disputes:{4} the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the
100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad and that Libya must
withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya has withdrawn some of its forces in response to the ICJ
ruling, but still maintains part of the airfield and a small military presence at the airfield's water
supply located in Chad; maritime boundary dispute with Tunisia; claims part of northern Niger and
part of southeastern Algeria

{2}Climate:{4} Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
{3}lowest point:{4} Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m
{3}highest point:{4} Bikku Bitti 2,267 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 8%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 90%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 2,420 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade
River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water
from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities

{2}natural hazards:{4} hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring
and fall; dust storms, sandstorms

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection;
signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 5,445,436 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 48% (male 1,319,696; female 1,274,865)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 49% (male 1,375,441; female 1,308,613)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 87,434; female 79,387) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 3.67% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 44.42 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 7.7 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 1.1 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 59.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 64.67 years
{3}male:{4} 62.48 years
{3}female:{4} 66.97 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 6.26 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Libyan(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Libyan

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks,
Indians, Tunisians

{2}Religions:{4} Sunni Muslim 97%

{2}Languages:{4} Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 76.2%
{3}male:{4} 87.9%
{3}female:{4} 63%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
{3}conventional short form:{4} Libya
{3}local long form:{4} Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah
{3}local short form:{4} none

{2}Type of government:{4} Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace
through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship

{2}Capital:{4} Tripoli

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 25 municipalities (baladiyah, singular - baladiyat); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah,
Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati',
Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin,
Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan
{3}note:{4} the 25 muncipalities may have been replaced by 1,500 communes in 1992

{2}Independence:{4} 24 December 1951 (from Italy)

{2}National holiday:{4} Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)

{2}Constitution:{4} 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977

{2}Legal system:{4} based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no
constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September
1969) was elected by the General People's Congress
{3}head of government:{4} Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Abd al Majid al-
QA'UD (since 29 January 1994)
{3}cabinet:{4} General People's Committee was established by the General People's Congress
{3}note:{4} national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
General People's Congress: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples'
committees

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} none

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible
memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements

{2}International organization participation:{4} ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC,
ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4} Libya does not have an embassy in the US

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4} the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980

{2}Flag:{4} plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil
sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-third of GDP. In 1990 per
capita GDP was the highest in Africa at $5,410, but subsequently GDP growth has slowed on
average and has fluctuated sharply in response to changes in the world oil market. Import
restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and
foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of
GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of
petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP, it
employs 18% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output, and
Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. The UN sanctions imposed in April 1992 have
not yet had a major impact on the economy because Libya's oil revenues generate sufficient
foreign exchange to sustain imports of food, consumer goods, and equipment for the oil industry
and ongoing development projects.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $32.9 billion (1994 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -0.9% (1994 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $6,510 (1994 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} NA%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 25% (1993 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 1 million (includes about 280,000 resident foreigners)
{3}by occupation:{4} industry 31%, services 27%, government 24%, agriculture 18%

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $8.1 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $9.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (1989 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 4,600,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 16.1 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 3,078 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts; meat, eggs

{2}Exports:{4} $7.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas
{3}partners:{4} Italy, Germany, Spain, France, UK, Turkey, Greece, Egypt

{2}Imports:{4} $6.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
{3}partners:{4} Italy, Germany, UK, France, Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, Eastern Europe

{2}External debt:{4} $3.5 billion excluding military debt (1991 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4} $NA

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.3617 (January 1996), 0.3532 (1995), 0.3596
(1994), 0.3250 (1993), 0.3013 (1992), 0.2684 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}note:{4} Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been
dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian
frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has
been no progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum,
Egypt, to Tobruk with completion set for mid-1994; no progress has been reported

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 19,189 km
{3}paved:{4} 10,738 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 8,451 km (1987 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} none

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas 256
km); natural gas 1,947 km

{2}Ports:{4} Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli,
Zuwarah

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 686,834 GRT/1,209,263 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 10, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 3, short-sea passenger 4
{3}note:{4} Libya owns an additional 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,260 DWT operating under
the registries of Algeria and Turkey (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 130
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 24
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 5
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 22
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 6
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 13
{3}with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 4
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 15
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 38 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 370,000

{2}Telephone system:{4} modern telecommunications system
{3}domestic:{4} microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite
system with 14 earth stations
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); planned
Arabsat and Intersputnik satellite earth stations; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave
radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 1 million (1993 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 12 (1987 est.)

{2}Televisions:{4} 500,000 (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Armed Peoples of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah (includes Army, Navy, and Air and Air
Defense Command), Police

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,170,100
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 696,288
males reach military age (17) annually: 56,834 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $1.4 billion, 6.1% of GDP (1994 est.)