Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/117.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 11KB | 308 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\jamaica.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Jamaica"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Jamaica, click {z,"-83.160427,13.621933,-64.834191,27.640190",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 10,990 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 10,830 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Connecticut

{2}Land boundaries:{4} 0 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 1,022 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} none

{2}Climate:{4} tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
{3}lowest point:{4} Caribbean Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} bauxite, gypsum, limestone

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 19%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 6%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 18%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 28%
{3}other:{4} 29%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 350 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills;
damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions

{2}natural hazards:{4} hurricanes (especially July to November)

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Whaling

{2}Geographic note:{4} strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea
lanes for Panama Canal


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 2,595,275 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 32% (male 430,609; female 411,966)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 61% (male 781,626; female 795,808)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 7% (male 77,725; female 97,541) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.8% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 22.19 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 5.57 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -8.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.8 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 15.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 74.88 years
{3}male:{4} 72.6 years
{3}female:{4} 77.29 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 2.45 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Jamaican(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Jamaican

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3%,
white 3.2%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, other 1.2%

{2}Religions:{4} Protestant 55.9% (Church of God 18.4%, Baptist 10%, Anglican 7.1%, Seventh-Day
Adventist 6.9%, Pentecostal 5.2%, Methodist 3.1%, United Church 2.7%, other 2.5%), Roman
Catholic 5%, other, including some spiritual cults 39.1% (1982)

{2}Languages:{4} English, Creole

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over has ever attended school (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 85%
{3}male:{4} 80.8%
{3}female:{4} 89.1%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} none
{3}conventional short form:{4} Jamaica

{2}Type of government:{4} parliamentary democracy

{2}Capital:{4} Kingston

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint
Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas,
Trelawny, Westmoreland

{2}Independence:{4} 6 August 1962 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day (first Monday in August) (1962)

{2}Constitution:{4} 6 August 1962

{2}Legal system:{4} based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), a hereditary monarch, is
represented by Governor General Sir Howard COOKE (since 1 August 1991) who was appointed
by the queen on recommendation of the prime minister
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992) and the
Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993) were appointed by the governor
general
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral Parliament
Senate: consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general
House of Representatives: elections last held 30 March 1993 (next to be held by March 1998);
results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) PNP 52, JLP 8

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judges appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime
minister

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} People's National Party (PNP), P. J. PATTERSON; Jamaica Labor
Party (JLP), Edward SEAGA; National Democratic Movement (NDM), Bruce GOLDING

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists);
New Beginnings Movement (NBM)

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19,
G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat,
Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR,
UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL
{3}chancery:{4} 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Miami and New York

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador J. Gary COOPER
{3}embassy:{4} Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone] through 4859
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}Flag:{4} diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black
(hoist side and outer side)


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite (alumina and bauxite account
for more than half of exports) and tourism. Since assuming office in 1992, Prime Minister
PATTERSON has consolidated the market-oriented reforms initiated by his predecessor, Michael
MANLEY, to make Jamaica a regional leader in economic reform. PATTERSON has eliminated
most price controls, streamlined tax schedules, and privatized government enterprises. Tight
monetary and fiscal policies under an IMF program have helped slow inflation and stabilize the
exchange rate, but, as a result, economic growth has slowed down and unemployment remains
high. Jamaica's medium-term prospects depend largely on its ability to continue to attract foreign
capital and limit speculation against the Jamaican dollar.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $8.2 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 0.8% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $3,200 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 7.9%
{3}industry:{4} 28.1%
{3}services:{4} 64% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 25.5% (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 1,062,100
{3}by occupation:{4} services 41%, agriculture 22.5%, industry 19%, unemployed 17.5% (1989)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 15.4% (1994 est.)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $1.45 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $2 billion, including capital expenditures of $732 million (FY95/96 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} bauxite, tourism, textiles, food processing, light manufactures

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 730,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 2.6 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 988 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America
and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active cannabis eradication program

{2}Exports:{4} $2 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum
{3}partners:{4} US 47%, UK 11%, Canada 9%, Norway 7%, France 4% (1993)

{2}Imports:{4} $2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals
{3}partners:{4} US 54%, Japan 4.0%, Mexico 6%, UK 4%, Venezuela 3% (1993)

{2}External debt:{4} $3.6 billion (1994 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $239 million (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 39.86 (December 1995), 33.086 (1994), 24.949
(1993), 22.960 (1992), 12.116 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 April - 31 March


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 272 km
standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km belonging to the Jamaica Railway
Corporation which were in common carrier service are no longer operational; the remaining track
is privately owned and used to transport bauxite

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 18,094 km
{3}paved:{4} 12,528 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 5,566 km (1988 est.)

{2}Pipelines:{4} petroleum products 10 km

{2}Ports:{4} Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Longs
Wharf, Rocky Point

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,435 GRT/6,105 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 27
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 21
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 212,257 (1991 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} fully automatic domestic telephone network
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 1.04 million (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 8

{2}Televisions:{4} 330,000 (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard and Air Wing), Jamaica
Constabulary Force

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 680,965
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 481,616
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 25,810 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $30 million, NA% of GDP (FY95/96)