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- From: Jeffrey S. Haemer <jsh@usenix.org>
-
-
-
- An Update on UNIX* and C Standards Activities
-
- December 1989
-
- USENIX Standards Watchdog Committee
-
- Jeffrey S. Haemer, Report Editor
-
- IEEE 1003.8/1: POSIX Transparent File Access Update
-
- An anonymous correspondent reports on the July 10-14, 1989 meeting, in
- San Jose, California:
-
- [Editor's note -- Though this report came in substantially later than
- the other July reports, I think it's still useful, provocative, and
- well worth reading. -jsh]
-
- Overview of New 1003.8 Developments
-
- 1. All standards produced by POSIX committees (with the exception
- of language-binding standards like 1003.5 and 1003.9) must be
- specified in a language-independent fashion, and must include at
- least one language-specific binding. Since P1003 will not have
- guidelines and rules for constructing a language-independent
- specification before April 1990, no POSIX networking group can
- possibly ballot a document before July 1990. "Mock" ballots
- (aka trial-use ballots) are unaffected by this, but their
- usefulness will be diminished.
-
- 2. Two new POSIX Networking working groups either have submitted or
- will soon submit PARs to begin work, bringing the total number
- of POSIX Networking working groups to six. These new groups are
- the Name Space and Directory Services Interface and the X.400
- Mail Gateway Interface. [Editor's note -- The SEC approved the
- PAR for the former, but decided that the latter transcends
- POSIX, and recommended that the IEEE form a separate, numbered
- group, analogous to 1003 or 1201, to handle X.400. See below.
- -jsh]
-
- 3. Due to the rules governing IEEE and IEEE-TCOS standards
- activities, as well as the logistical nightmare six sub-working
- groups cause, the hierarchical structure of the P1003.8 POSIX
- networking committee will be flattened out, with each current
- sub-group submitting PARs to cover their current work.
- Coordination will be provided by a "POSIX Networking Steering
- Committee", made up of the chairs and vice-chairs of each
-
- __________
-
- * UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the U.S. and other
- countries.
-
- December 1989 Standards UpIEEE 1003.8/1: POSIX Transparent File Access
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- - 2 -
-
- networking-related working group and the current chair and
- vice-chair of 1003.8. [Editor's note -- This is still being
- debated by the SEC. -jsh]
-
- 4. Since each of the 1003.8 sub-groups will be submitting separate
- PARs, the P1003 Sponsor's Executive Committee (SEC) is taking
- the opportunity to evaluate the degree to which each PAR is
- intended to represent a part of the "POSIX Environment" or is a
- component which has no relationship to the rest of POSIX and
- should, hence, stand alone. The result of this is that several
- of the 1003.8 sub-groups may be issued project numbers outside
- of the P1003 family. There is some precedent for this; the X11
- interface group was assigned project number P1201 for just this
- reason.
-
- Activity in the TFA Subgroup, P1003.8/1
-
- The group is making slow but steady progress towards the goals of a
- fully-specified programmatic interface for networked file access and
- the semantics and suggested syntax for administrative interfaces for
- such a functionality. The group is dominated by a faction, apparently
- lead by Sun Microsystems, with a goal of ensuring that NFS, in some
- form, is a sufficient mechanism to provide the service required by the
- "full TFA" interface. The balance of the committee is composed of
- people who simply want a standard they can use as an acquisition tool.
-
- Achievements
-
- + Enough consensus and material was obtained to permit development
- of a first draft of the programmatic interface part of the
- specification; this draft should be complete in time for the
- second mailing, due out on September 8.
-
- + Liaison activities with 1003.7 (System Administration) continued;
- .7 indicated that all of the options for the TFA mount/unmount
- model were, in fact, of use in administering such a system. They
- also agreed that they owned responsibility for all file-system
- commands not completely unique in function to TFA, and that they
- would pursue input from the TFA group when the time was right.
-
- + Further progress was made on identifying status and usage
- information which must be obtainable from the provider of a TFA
- service.
-
- December 1989 Standards UpIEEE 1003.8/1: POSIX Transparent File Access
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-
- - 3 -
-
- Problem Areas
-
- 1. Representation in the group is unbalanced; there is, as of this
- time [Editor's note -- July, '89 -jsh], no substantial
- representation of the "stateful" side of the semantic issues.
- The chairman has, so far, been unsuccessful in encouraging a
- more balanced group viewpoint so representation from the
- stateful camp has been solicited (with minimal success) for
- future meetings.
-
- 2. Several "grey areas" in the semantics of IEEE 1003.1-1988 have
- been identified by the TFA group over the last several months.
- The suggested "fixes" have been slanted in a way that would let
- the TFA interface avoid relaxing 1003.1 semantics while
- permitting a stateless implementation of the TFA service; i.e.
- rather than strengthening 1003.1 to define the actual behavior
- of a single stand-alone system, the proposals have been so weak
- that they underconstrain single-system behavior. It appears
- that the majority of the 1003.1 committee will not approve of
- this approach, and will require the "fix" to be of the proper
- strength to correctly specify single-system behavior.
-
- Let me give an example. The original 1003.1 standard is silent
- on the issue of when the effects of a write are visible to a
- subsequent read of the same byte of the file. If process A
- writes byte 123 of file "foo", then process B does a read of
- byte 123 of file "foo", at what point is B guaranteed to see the
- byte A wrote?
-
- Immediately? If so, stateless solutions employing read caches
- fail; if process B is remote on system "bsys" and reading the
- file via NFS, byte 123 might come out of the file cache on bsys
- and not from the file cache on the system where A lives.
-
- Immediately if A and B are on the same system, and at some
- implementation-defined time otherwise? This requires 1003.1 to
- define what it means by "the same system", and doesn't
- adequately address multi-processor single systems with
- "interesting" caches. It also means a truly portable
- application that is interested in running in a distributed
- environment can *never* know when the byte written by A is
- visible to B.
-
- Only in the presence of byte locking? In other words, A locks
- byte 123, writes it, unlocks it; if B then locks and reads 123,
- it is guaranteed to see what A wrote. Not a bad solution, but
- it breaks existing applications and in fact is a relaxation of
- the intended semantics of 1003.1.
-
- Basically, the "intent" developing in 1003.1 is that the effect
- of the write must be seen immediately by any other process with
-
- December 1989 Standards UpIEEE 1003.8/1: POSIX Transparent File Access
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- - 4 -
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- that file open, without regard to process location, without
- recourse to O_SYNC mode opens, without the necessity for
- locking, and so on. 1003.1-1988 is silent on the issue; the
- proposed fix from TFA (basically a compromise I did not like and
- knew would fail) was that read-after-write be guaranteed only
- for co-located processes and in the presence of locking. This
- gave 1003.1 a chance to avoid relaxing their intended semantics
- while leaving TFA a "loophole" to change semantics without
- having to indicate a change in wording from 1003.1.
-
- This is what got rejected by 1003.1, which is getting pretty
- damned tired of TFA's trying to claim that the full TFA
- semantics are "just like" 1003.1 but with gaping differences
- that are introduced silently due to weak or weasel wording in
- 1003.1-1988.
-
- 3. 1003.7, System Administration, is making distressingly slow
- progress. If this continues, 1003.8 will have two choices with
- respect to client-side administrative commands:
-
- - Do not standardize them; give feedback to 1003.7 and wait
- for them to complete their specification. This risks
- incompatible implementations.
-
- - Standardize them insofar as they relate to TFA
- administration. This risks incompatibility between the TFA
- aspects of those commands and their more general aspects.
- An example is the "mount" command; if 1003.7 is unhappy
- with the form of the TFA mount command, they are under no
- constraint to remain compatible with it. If the group
- ballots far enough in advance of 1003.7, this sort of clash
- could be frequent.
-
- 4. Many of the contentious issues have been "resolved" through the
- various mechanisms POSIX provides for introducing optional
- behavior; most frequently, these involve either
- "implementation-defined" behavior, or the addition of path-
- specific attributes whose status can be determined through the
- pathconf() function. Several of these options should be viewed
- by the ballot group as being "gratuitous" in some sense, i.e.
- the TFA committee should take a stand one way or another, and be
- willing to be beaten up in ballot for it. The POSIX standards
- are wishy-washy enough without the addition of gratuitous
- options.
-
- December 1989 Standards UpIEEE 1003.8/1: POSIX Transparent File Access
-
-
- Volume-Number: Volume 17, Number 80
-
-
-