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- /* Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California */
-
- #ifndef lint
- static char SCCSid[] = "@(#)raytrace.c 2.1 11/12/91 LBL";
- #endif
-
- /*
- * raytrace.c - routines for tracing and shading rays.
- *
- * 8/7/85
- */
-
- #include "ray.h"
-
- #include "octree.h"
-
- #include "otypes.h"
-
- #include "otspecial.h"
-
- extern CUBE thescene; /* our scene */
- extern int maxdepth; /* maximum recursion depth */
- extern double minweight; /* minimum ray weight */
- extern int do_irrad; /* compute irradiance? */
-
- long raynum = 0L; /* next unique ray number */
- long nrays = 0L; /* number of calls to localhit */
-
- static FLOAT Lambfa[5] = {PI, PI, PI, 0.0, 0.0};
- OBJREC Lamb = {
- OVOID, MAT_PLASTIC, "Lambertian",
- {0, 5, NULL, Lambfa}, NULL, -1,
- }; /* a Lambertian surface */
-
- #define MAXLOOP 128 /* modifier loop detection */
-
- #define RAYHIT (-1) /* return value for intercepted ray */
-
-
- rayorigin(r, ro, rt, rw) /* start new ray from old one */
- register RAY *r, *ro;
- int rt;
- double rw;
- {
- if ((r->parent = ro) == NULL) { /* primary ray */
- r->rlvl = 0;
- r->rweight = rw;
- r->crtype = r->rtype = rt;
- r->rsrc = -1;
- r->clipset = NULL;
- r->revf = raytrace;
- } else { /* spawned ray */
- r->rlvl = ro->rlvl;
- if (rt & RAYREFL) {
- r->rlvl++;
- r->rsrc = -1;
- r->clipset = ro->clipset;
- } else {
- r->rsrc = ro->rsrc;
- r->clipset = ro->newcset;
- }
- r->revf = ro->revf;
- r->rweight = ro->rweight * rw;
- r->crtype = ro->crtype | (r->rtype = rt);
- VCOPY(r->rorg, ro->rop);
- }
- rayclear(r);
- return(r->rlvl <= maxdepth && r->rweight >= minweight ? 0 : -1);
- }
-
-
- rayclear(r) /* clear a ray for (re)evaluation */
- register RAY *r;
- {
- r->rno = raynum++;
- r->newcset = r->clipset;
- r->ro = NULL;
- r->rot = FHUGE;
- r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
- setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
- setcolor(r->rcol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
- r->rt = 0.0;
- }
-
-
- raytrace(r) /* trace a ray and compute its value */
- RAY *r;
- {
- extern int (*trace)();
-
- if (localhit(r, &thescene))
- raycont(r);
- else if (sourcehit(r))
- rayshade(r, r->ro->omod);
-
- if (trace != NULL)
- (*trace)(r); /* trace execution */
- }
-
-
- raycont(r) /* check for clipped object and continue */
- register RAY *r;
- {
- if (r->clipset != NULL && inset(r->clipset, r->ro->omod))
- raytrans(r);
- else
- rayshade(r, r->ro->omod);
- }
-
-
- raytrans(r) /* transmit ray as is */
- register RAY *r;
- {
- RAY tr;
-
- if (rayorigin(&tr, r, TRANS, 1.0) == 0) {
- VCOPY(tr.rdir, r->rdir);
- rayvalue(&tr);
- copycolor(r->rcol, tr.rcol);
- r->rt = r->rot + tr.rt;
- }
- }
-
-
- rayshade(r, mod) /* shade ray r with material mod */
- register RAY *r;
- int mod;
- {
- static int depth = 0;
- register OBJREC *m;
- /* check for infinite loop */
- if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
- objerror(r->ro, USER, "possible modifier loop");
- r->rt = r->rot; /* set effective ray length */
- for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
- m = objptr(mod);
- /****** unnecessary test since modifier() is always called
- if (!ismodifier(m->otype)) {
- sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
- error(USER, errmsg);
- }
- ******/
- /* hack for irradiance calculation */
- if (do_irrad && !(r->crtype & ~(PRIMARY|TRANS))) {
- if (irr_ignore(m->otype)) {
- depth--;
- raytrans(r);
- return;
- }
- if (!islight(m->otype))
- m = &Lamb;
- }
- (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r); /* execute function */
- m->lastrno = r->rno;
- if (ismaterial(m->otype)) { /* materials call raytexture */
- depth--;
- return; /* we're done */
- }
- }
- objerror(r->ro, USER, "material not found");
- }
-
-
- raytexture(r, mod) /* get material modifiers */
- RAY *r;
- int mod;
- {
- static int depth = 0;
- register OBJREC *m;
- /* check for infinite loop */
- if (depth++ >= MAXLOOP)
- objerror(r->ro, USER, "modifier loop");
- /* execute textures and patterns */
- for ( ; mod != OVOID; mod = m->omod) {
- m = objptr(mod);
- if (!istexture(m->otype)) {
- sprintf(errmsg, "illegal modifier \"%s\"", m->oname);
- error(USER, errmsg);
- }
- (*ofun[m->otype].funp)(m, r);
- m->lastrno = r->rno;
- }
- depth--; /* end here */
- }
-
-
- raymixture(r, fore, back, coef) /* mix modifiers */
- register RAY *r;
- OBJECT fore, back;
- double coef;
- {
- FVECT curpert, forepert, backpert;
- COLOR curpcol, forepcol, backpcol;
- register int i;
- /* clip coefficient */
- if (coef > 1.0)
- coef = 1.0;
- else if (coef < 0.0)
- coef = 0.0;
- /* save current mods */
- VCOPY(curpert, r->pert);
- copycolor(curpcol, r->pcol);
- /* compute new mods */
- /* foreground */
- r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
- setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
- if (fore != OVOID && coef > FTINY)
- raytexture(r, fore);
- VCOPY(forepert, r->pert);
- copycolor(forepcol, r->pcol);
- /* background */
- r->pert[0] = r->pert[1] = r->pert[2] = 0.0;
- setcolor(r->pcol, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
- if (back != OVOID && coef < 1.0-FTINY)
- raytexture(r, back);
- VCOPY(backpert, r->pert);
- copycolor(backpcol, r->pcol);
- /* sum perturbations */
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- r->pert[i] = curpert[i] + coef*forepert[i] +
- (1.0-coef)*backpert[i];
- /* multiply colors */
- setcolor(r->pcol, coef*colval(forepcol,RED) +
- (1.0-coef)*colval(backpcol,RED),
- coef*colval(forepcol,GRN) +
- (1.0-coef)*colval(backpcol,GRN),
- coef*colval(forepcol,BLU) +
- (1.0-coef)*colval(backpcol,BLU));
- multcolor(r->pcol, curpcol);
- }
-
-
- double
- raynormal(norm, r) /* compute perturbed normal for ray */
- FVECT norm;
- register RAY *r;
- {
- double newdot;
- register int i;
-
- /* The perturbation is added to the surface normal to obtain
- * the new normal. If the new normal would affect the surface
- * orientation wrt. the ray, a correction is made. The method is
- * still fraught with problems since reflected rays and similar
- * directions calculated from the surface normal may spawn rays behind
- * the surface. The only solution is to curb textures at high
- * incidence (namely, keep DOT(rdir,pert) < Rdot).
- */
-
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- norm[i] = r->ron[i] + r->pert[i];
-
- if (normalize(norm) == 0.0) {
- objerror(r->ro, WARNING, "illegal normal perturbation");
- VCOPY(norm, r->ron);
- return(r->rod);
- }
- newdot = -DOT(norm, r->rdir);
- if ((newdot > 0.0) != (r->rod > 0.0)) { /* fix orientation */
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- norm[i] += 2.0*newdot*r->rdir[i];
- newdot = -newdot;
- }
- return(newdot);
- }
-
-
- newrayxf(r) /* get new tranformation matrix for ray */
- RAY *r;
- {
- static struct xfn {
- struct xfn *next;
- FULLXF xf;
- } xfseed = { &xfseed }, *xflast = &xfseed;
- register struct xfn *xp;
- register RAY *rp;
-
- /*
- * Search for transform in circular list that
- * has no associated ray in the tree.
- */
- xp = xflast;
- for (rp = r->parent; rp != NULL; rp = rp->parent)
- if (rp->rox == &xp->xf) { /* xp in use */
- xp = xp->next; /* move to next */
- if (xp == xflast) { /* need new one */
- xp = (struct xfn *)bmalloc(sizeof(struct xfn));
- if (xp == NULL)
- error(SYSTEM,
- "out of memory in newrayxf");
- /* insert in list */
- xp->next = xflast->next;
- xflast->next = xp;
- break; /* we're done */
- }
- rp = r; /* start check over */
- }
- /* got it */
- r->rox = &xp->xf;
- xflast = xp;
- }
-
-
- flipsurface(r) /* reverse surface orientation */
- register RAY *r;
- {
- r->rod = -r->rod;
- r->ron[0] = -r->ron[0];
- r->ron[1] = -r->ron[1];
- r->ron[2] = -r->ron[2];
- r->pert[0] = -r->pert[0];
- r->pert[1] = -r->pert[1];
- r->pert[2] = -r->pert[2];
- }
-
-
- localhit(r, scene) /* check for hit in the octree */
- register RAY *r;
- register CUBE *scene;
- {
- FVECT curpos; /* current cube position */
- int sflags; /* sign flags */
- double t, dt;
- register int i;
-
- nrays++; /* increment trace counter */
- sflags = 0;
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
- curpos[i] = r->rorg[i];
- if (r->rdir[i] > FTINY)
- sflags |= 1 << i;
- else if (r->rdir[i] < -FTINY)
- sflags |= 0x10 << i;
- }
- if (sflags == 0)
- error(CONSISTENCY, "zero ray direction in localhit");
- t = 0.0;
- if (!incube(scene, curpos)) {
- /* find distance to entry */
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
- /* plane in our direction */
- if (sflags & 1<<i)
- dt = scene->cuorg[i];
- else if (sflags & 0x10<<i)
- dt = scene->cuorg[i] + scene->cusize;
- else
- continue;
- /* distance to the plane */
- dt = (dt - r->rorg[i])/r->rdir[i];
- if (dt > t)
- t = dt; /* farthest face is the one */
- }
- t += FTINY; /* fudge to get inside cube */
- /* advance position */
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- curpos[i] += r->rdir[i]*t;
-
- if (!incube(scene, curpos)) /* non-intersecting ray */
- return(0);
- }
- return(raymove(curpos, sflags, r, scene) == RAYHIT);
- }
-
-
- static int
- raymove(pos, dirf, r, cu) /* check for hit as we move */
- FVECT pos; /* modified */
- int dirf; /* direction indicators to speed tests */
- register RAY *r;
- register CUBE *cu;
- {
- int ax;
- double dt, t;
-
- if (istree(cu->cutree)) { /* recurse on subcubes */
- CUBE cukid;
- register int br, sgn;
-
- cukid.cusize = cu->cusize * 0.5; /* find subcube */
- VCOPY(cukid.cuorg, cu->cuorg);
- br = 0;
- if (pos[0] >= cukid.cuorg[0]+cukid.cusize) {
- cukid.cuorg[0] += cukid.cusize;
- br |= 1;
- }
- if (pos[1] >= cukid.cuorg[1]+cukid.cusize) {
- cukid.cuorg[1] += cukid.cusize;
- br |= 2;
- }
- if (pos[2] >= cukid.cuorg[2]+cukid.cusize) {
- cukid.cuorg[2] += cukid.cusize;
- br |= 4;
- }
- for ( ; ; ) {
- cukid.cutree = octkid(cu->cutree, br);
- if ((ax = raymove(pos,dirf,r,&cukid)) == RAYHIT)
- return(RAYHIT);
- sgn = 1 << ax;
- if (sgn & dirf) /* positive axis? */
- if (sgn & br)
- return(ax); /* overflow */
- else {
- cukid.cuorg[ax] += cukid.cusize;
- br |= sgn;
- }
- else
- if (sgn & br) {
- cukid.cuorg[ax] -= cukid.cusize;
- br &= ~sgn;
- } else
- return(ax); /* underflow */
- }
- /*NOTREACHED*/
- }
- if (isfull(cu->cutree) && checkhit(r, cu))
- return(RAYHIT);
- /* advance to next cube */
- if (dirf&0x11) {
- dt = dirf&1 ? cu->cuorg[0] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[0];
- t = (dt - pos[0])/r->rdir[0];
- ax = 0;
- } else
- t = FHUGE;
- if (dirf&0x22) {
- dt = dirf&2 ? cu->cuorg[1] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[1];
- dt = (dt - pos[1])/r->rdir[1];
- if (dt < t) {
- t = dt;
- ax = 1;
- }
- }
- if (dirf&0x44) {
- dt = dirf&4 ? cu->cuorg[2] + cu->cusize : cu->cuorg[2];
- dt = (dt - pos[2])/r->rdir[2];
- if (dt < t) {
- t = dt;
- ax = 2;
- }
- }
- pos[0] += r->rdir[0]*t;
- pos[1] += r->rdir[1]*t;
- pos[2] += r->rdir[2]*t;
- return(ax);
- }
-
-
- static
- checkhit(r, cu) /* check for hit in full cube */
- register RAY *r;
- CUBE *cu;
- {
- OBJECT oset[MAXSET+1];
- register OBJREC *o;
- register int i;
-
- objset(oset, cu->cutree);
- for (i = oset[0]; i > 0; i--) {
- o = objptr(oset[i]);
- if (o->lastrno == r->rno) /* checked already? */
- continue;
- (*ofun[o->otype].funp)(o, r);
- o->lastrno = r->rno;
- }
- if (r->ro == NULL)
- return(0); /* no scores yet */
-
- return(incube(cu, r->rop)); /* hit OK if in current cube */
- }
-