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- /* Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California */
-
- #ifndef lint
- static char SCCSid[] = "@(#)ambcomp.c 2.4 10/2/92 LBL";
- #endif
-
- /*
- * Routines to compute "ambient" values using Monte Carlo
- */
-
- #include "ray.h"
-
- #include "ambient.h"
-
- #include "random.h"
-
- typedef struct {
- short t, p; /* theta, phi indices */
- COLOR v; /* value sum */
- float r; /* 1/distance sum */
- float k; /* variance for this division */
- int n; /* number of subsamples */
- } AMBSAMP; /* ambient sample division */
-
- typedef struct {
- FVECT ux, uy, uz; /* x, y and z axis directions */
- short nt, np; /* number of theta and phi directions */
- } AMBHEMI; /* ambient sample hemisphere */
-
-
- static int
- ambcmp(d1, d2) /* decreasing order */
- AMBSAMP *d1, *d2;
- {
- if (d1->k < d2->k)
- return(1);
- if (d1->k > d2->k)
- return(-1);
- return(0);
- }
-
-
- static int
- ambnorm(d1, d2) /* standard order */
- AMBSAMP *d1, *d2;
- {
- register int c;
-
- if (c = d1->t - d2->t)
- return(c);
- return(d1->p - d2->p);
- }
-
-
- divsample(dp, h, r) /* sample a division */
- register AMBSAMP *dp;
- AMBHEMI *h;
- RAY *r;
- {
- RAY ar;
- int hlist[3];
- double spt[2];
- double xd, yd, zd;
- double b2;
- double phi;
- register int i;
-
- if (rayorigin(&ar, r, AMBIENT, AVGREFL) < 0)
- return(-1);
- hlist[0] = r->rno;
- hlist[1] = dp->t;
- hlist[2] = dp->p;
- multisamp(spt, 2, urand(ilhash(hlist,3)+dp->n));
- zd = sqrt((dp->t + spt[0])/h->nt);
- phi = 2.0*PI * (dp->p + spt[1])/h->np;
- xd = cos(phi) * zd;
- yd = sin(phi) * zd;
- zd = sqrt(1.0 - zd*zd);
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- ar.rdir[i] = xd*h->ux[i] +
- yd*h->uy[i] +
- zd*h->uz[i];
- dimlist[ndims++] = dp->t*h->np + dp->p + 90171;
- rayvalue(&ar);
- ndims--;
- addcolor(dp->v, ar.rcol);
- if (ar.rt > FTINY && ar.rt < FHUGE)
- dp->r += 1.0/ar.rt;
- /* (re)initialize error */
- if (dp->n++) {
- b2 = bright(dp->v)/dp->n - bright(ar.rcol);
- b2 = b2*b2 + dp->k*((dp->n-1)*(dp->n-1));
- dp->k = b2/(dp->n*dp->n);
- } else
- dp->k = 0.0;
- return(0);
- }
-
-
- double
- doambient(acol, r, wt, pg, dg) /* compute ambient component */
- COLOR acol;
- RAY *r;
- double wt;
- FVECT pg, dg;
- {
- double b, d;
- AMBHEMI hemi;
- AMBSAMP *div;
- AMBSAMP dnew;
- register AMBSAMP *dp;
- double arad;
- int ndivs, ns;
- register int i, j;
- /* initialize color */
- setcolor(acol, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
- /* initialize hemisphere */
- inithemi(&hemi, r, wt);
- ndivs = hemi.nt * hemi.np;
- if (ndivs == 0)
- return(0.0);
- /* set number of super-samples */
- ns = ambssamp * wt + 0.5;
- if (ns > 0 || pg != NULL || dg != NULL) {
- div = (AMBSAMP *)malloc(ndivs*sizeof(AMBSAMP));
- if (div == NULL)
- error(SYSTEM, "out of memory in doambient");
- } else
- div = NULL;
- /* sample the divisions */
- arad = 0.0;
- if ((dp = div) == NULL)
- dp = &dnew;
- for (i = 0; i < hemi.nt; i++)
- for (j = 0; j < hemi.np; j++) {
- dp->t = i; dp->p = j;
- setcolor(dp->v, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
- dp->r = 0.0;
- dp->n = 0;
- if (divsample(dp, &hemi, r) < 0)
- goto oopsy;
- if (div != NULL)
- dp++;
- else {
- addcolor(acol, dp->v);
- arad += dp->r;
- }
- }
- if (ns > 0) { /* perform super-sampling */
- comperrs(div, &hemi); /* compute errors */
- qsort(div, ndivs, sizeof(AMBSAMP), ambcmp); /* sort divs */
- /* super-sample */
- for (i = ns; i > 0; i--) {
- copystruct(&dnew, div);
- if (divsample(&dnew, &hemi, r) < 0)
- goto oopsy;
- /* reinsert */
- dp = div;
- j = ndivs < i ? ndivs : i;
- while (--j > 0 && dnew.k < dp[1].k) {
- copystruct(dp, dp+1);
- dp++;
- }
- copystruct(dp, &dnew);
- }
- if (pg != NULL || dg != NULL) /* restore order */
- qsort(div, ndivs, sizeof(AMBSAMP), ambnorm);
- }
- /* compute returned values */
- if (div != NULL) {
- for (i = ndivs, dp = div; i-- > 0; dp++) {
- arad += dp->r;
- if (dp->n > 1) {
- b = 1.0/dp->n;
- scalecolor(dp->v, b);
- dp->r *= b;
- dp->n = 1;
- }
- addcolor(acol, dp->v);
- }
- b = bright(acol);
- if (b > FTINY) {
- b = ndivs/b;
- if (pg != NULL) {
- posgradient(pg, div, &hemi);
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- pg[i] *= b;
- }
- if (dg != NULL) {
- dirgradient(dg, div, &hemi);
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- dg[i] *= b;
- }
- } else {
- if (pg != NULL)
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- pg[i] = 0.0;
- if (dg != NULL)
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- dg[i] = 0.0;
- }
- free((char *)div);
- }
- b = 1.0/ndivs;
- scalecolor(acol, b);
- if (arad <= FTINY)
- arad = maxarad;
- else
- arad = (ndivs+ns)/arad;
- if (pg != NULL) { /* reduce radius if gradient large */
- d = DOT(pg,pg);
- if (d*arad*arad > 1.0)
- arad = 1.0/sqrt(d);
- }
- if (arad < minarad) {
- arad = minarad;
- if (pg != NULL && d*arad*arad > 1.0) { /* cap gradient */
- d = 1.0/arad/sqrt(d);
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- pg[i] *= d;
- }
- }
- if ((arad /= sqrt(wt)) > maxarad)
- arad = maxarad;
- return(arad);
- oopsy:
- if (div != NULL)
- free((char *)div);
- return(0.0);
- }
-
-
- inithemi(hp, r, wt) /* initialize sampling hemisphere */
- register AMBHEMI *hp;
- RAY *r;
- double wt;
- {
- register int i;
- /* set number of divisions */
- if (wt < (.25*PI)/ambdiv+FTINY) {
- hp->nt = hp->np = 0;
- return; /* zero samples */
- }
- hp->nt = sqrt(ambdiv * wt / PI) + 0.5;
- hp->np = PI * hp->nt + 0.5;
- /* make axes */
- VCOPY(hp->uz, r->ron);
- hp->uy[0] = hp->uy[1] = hp->uy[2] = 0.0;
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- if (hp->uz[i] < 0.6 && hp->uz[i] > -0.6)
- break;
- if (i >= 3)
- error(CONSISTENCY, "bad ray direction in inithemi");
- hp->uy[i] = 1.0;
- fcross(hp->ux, hp->uy, hp->uz);
- normalize(hp->ux);
- fcross(hp->uy, hp->uz, hp->ux);
- }
-
-
- comperrs(da, hp) /* compute initial error estimates */
- AMBSAMP *da; /* assumes standard ordering */
- register AMBHEMI *hp;
- {
- double b, b2;
- int i, j;
- register AMBSAMP *dp;
- /* sum differences from neighbors */
- dp = da;
- for (i = 0; i < hp->nt; i++)
- for (j = 0; j < hp->np; j++) {
- #ifdef DEBUG
- if (dp->t != i || dp->p != j)
- error(CONSISTENCY,
- "division order in comperrs");
- #endif
- b = bright(dp[0].v);
- if (i > 0) { /* from above */
- b2 = bright(dp[-hp->np].v) - b;
- b2 *= b2 * 0.25;
- dp[0].k += b2;
- dp[-hp->np].k += b2;
- }
- if (j > 0) { /* from behind */
- b2 = bright(dp[-1].v) - b;
- b2 *= b2 * 0.25;
- dp[0].k += b2;
- dp[-1].k += b2;
- } else { /* around */
- b2 = bright(dp[hp->np-1].v) - b;
- b2 *= b2 * 0.25;
- dp[0].k += b2;
- dp[hp->np-1].k += b2;
- }
- dp++;
- }
- /* divide by number of neighbors */
- dp = da;
- for (j = 0; j < hp->np; j++) /* top row */
- (dp++)->k *= 1.0/3.0;
- if (hp->nt < 2)
- return;
- for (i = 1; i < hp->nt-1; i++) /* central region */
- for (j = 0; j < hp->np; j++)
- (dp++)->k *= 0.25;
- for (j = 0; j < hp->np; j++) /* bottom row */
- (dp++)->k *= 1.0/3.0;
- }
-
-
- posgradient(gv, da, hp) /* compute position gradient */
- FVECT gv;
- AMBSAMP *da; /* assumes standard ordering */
- register AMBHEMI *hp;
- {
- register int i, j;
- double nextsine, lastsine, b, d;
- double mag0, mag1;
- double phi, cosp, sinp, xd, yd;
- register AMBSAMP *dp;
-
- xd = yd = 0.0;
- for (j = 0; j < hp->np; j++) {
- dp = da + j;
- mag0 = mag1 = 0.0;
- lastsine = 0.0;
- for (i = 0; i < hp->nt; i++) {
- #ifdef DEBUG
- if (dp->t != i || dp->p != j)
- error(CONSISTENCY,
- "division order in posgradient");
- #endif
- b = bright(dp->v);
- if (i > 0) {
- d = dp[-hp->np].r;
- if (dp[0].r > d) d = dp[0].r;
- /* sin(t)*cos(t)^2 */
- d *= lastsine * (1.0 - (double)i/hp->nt);
- mag0 += d*(b - bright(dp[-hp->np].v));
- }
- nextsine = sqrt((double)(i+1)/hp->nt);
- if (j > 0) {
- d = dp[-1].r;
- if (dp[0].r > d) d = dp[0].r;
- mag1 += d * (nextsine - lastsine) *
- (b - bright(dp[-1].v));
- } else {
- d = dp[hp->np-1].r;
- if (dp[0].r > d) d = dp[0].r;
- mag1 += d * (nextsine - lastsine) *
- (b - bright(dp[hp->np-1].v));
- }
- dp += hp->np;
- lastsine = nextsine;
- }
- mag0 *= 2.0*PI / hp->np;
- phi = 2.0*PI * (double)j/hp->np;
- cosp = cos(phi); sinp = sin(phi);
- xd += mag0*cosp - mag1*sinp;
- yd += mag0*sinp + mag1*cosp;
- }
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- gv[i] = (xd*hp->ux[i] + yd*hp->uy[i])/PI;
- }
-
-
- dirgradient(gv, da, hp) /* compute direction gradient */
- FVECT gv;
- AMBSAMP *da; /* assumes standard ordering */
- register AMBHEMI *hp;
- {
- register int i, j;
- double mag;
- double phi, xd, yd;
- register AMBSAMP *dp;
-
- xd = yd = 0.0;
- for (j = 0; j < hp->np; j++) {
- dp = da + j;
- mag = 0.0;
- for (i = 0; i < hp->nt; i++) {
- #ifdef DEBUG
- if (dp->t != i || dp->p != j)
- error(CONSISTENCY,
- "division order in dirgradient");
- #endif
- /* tan(t) */
- mag += bright(dp->v)/sqrt(hp->nt/(i+.5) - 1.0);
- dp += hp->np;
- }
- phi = 2.0*PI * (j+.5)/hp->np + PI/2.0;
- xd += mag * cos(phi);
- yd += mag * sin(phi);
- }
- for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- gv[i] = (xd*hp->ux[i] + yd*hp->uy[i])/(hp->nt*hp->np);
- }
-