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- FOR RELEASE: November 20, 1995
-
- PHOTO NO.: STScI-PRC95-45b
-
-
- HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SPIES PLANETARY SYSTEMS IN THE MAKING
-
- These are Hubble Space Telescope images of four newly discovered
- protoplanetary disks around young stars in the Orion nebula, located
- 1,500 light-years away. Gas and dust disks, long suspected by
- astronomers to be an early stage of planetary formation, can be
- directly seen in visible light by Hubble.
-
- Disks around young stars (also known as circumstellar or protoplanetary
- disks) are thought to be made up of 99% gas and 1% dust. Even that
- small amount of dust is enough to make the disks opaque and dark at
- visible wavelengths. The dark disks are seen in these images because
- they are silhouetted against the bright backdrop of the hot gas of the
- Orion nebula.
-
- The red glow in the center of each disk is a young, newly formed star,
- roughly one million years old (compared to the 4.5 billion year age of
- the Sun). The stars range in mass from 30% to 150% of the mass of our
- own Sun. As they evolve, the disks may go on to form planetary systems
- like our own. While only a handful of these dark silhouette disks have
- been discovered so far, they seem to belong to a much larger family of
- similar objects, and current indications are that protoplanetary disks
- are common in the Orion nebula.
-
- Mark McCaughrean of the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg,
- Germany, and his collaborator C. Robert O'Dell from Rice University,
- Houston, Texas, spotted the new disks in large-scale survey images of
- the Orion nebula that O'Dell had taken with Hubble between January 1994
- and March 1995. A detailed study of the disk images has been submitted
- for publication to the Astronomical Journal.
-
- Each image is 167 billion miles, or 257 billion kilometers across (30
- times the diameter of our own solar system). The disks range in size
- from two to eight times the diameter of our solar system. The
- researchers explain the different circular or elliptical shapes as
- being due to the fact that each disk is tilted toward Earth by
- different degrees.
-
- Each picture is a composite of three images taken with Hubble's Wide
- Field and Planetary Camera 2, through narrow-band filters which admit
- the light of emission lines of ionized oxygen (represented here by
- blue), hydrogen (green), and nitrogen (red). The hot gas of the
- background Orion nebula emits strongly at each of these wavelengths,
- providing a strong backdrop for the disks to be silhouetted against.
- In each case, the central star is also clearly visible.
-
- Credit: Mark McCaughrean (Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy),
- C. Robert O'Dell (Rice University), and NASA
-
- Image files in GIF and JPEG format and captions may be accessed on
- Internet via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo:
-
- GIF JPEG
- PRC95-45b Proplyds in Orion gif/OriProp4.gif jpeg/OriProp4.jpg
-
- Higher resolution digital versions (300 dpi JPEG) of the release
- photographs will be available temporarily in /pubinfo/hrtemp:
- 95-45b.jpg.
-
- GIF and JPEG images and captions are available via World Wide Web at
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/45.html, or via links in
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html, and in
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html.
-