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- EMBARGOED UNTIL: 8:30 a.m. CST, January 17, 1996
-
- CONTACT: Ray Villard
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD
- (Phone: 410-338-4514, villard@stsci.edu)
-
-
- Dr. Christopher Burrows
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD
- (Phone: 410-516-6562)
-
- PRESS RELEASE NO.: STScI-PR96-02
-
-
- DISK AROUND STAR MAY BE WARPED BY UNSEEN PLANET
-
- NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has provided strong evidence for the
- existence of a roughly Jupiter-sized planet orbiting the star Beta
- Pictoris.
-
- Detailed Hubble images of the inner region of the 200-billion mile
- diameter dust disk encircling the star reveal an unexpected warp.
- Researchers say the warp can be best explained as caused by the
- gravitational pull of an unseen planet.
-
- The suspected planet would dwell within a five-billion mile wide clear
- zone in the center of the disk. This zone has long been suspected of
- harboring planets that swept it clear of debris, but the Hubble
- discovery provides more definitive evidence that a planet is there.
- (Alternative theories suggest the clear zone is empty because it is too
- warm for ice particles to exist.)
-
- "We were surprised to find that the innermost region of the disk is
- orbiting in a different plane from the rest of the disk," says Chris
- Burrows (Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, and
- the European Space Agency) who is presenting his results at the meeting
- of the American Astronomical Society in San Antonio, Texas. As he
- analyzed Hubble images, taken in January 1995 with the Wide Field
- Planetary Camera 2, Burrows discovered an unusual bulge in the nearly
- edge-on disk, which was mirrored on the other side of the star. "Such
- a warp cannot last for very long," says Burrows. "This means that
- something is still twisting the disk and keeping out of a basic flat
- shape."
-
- "The presence of the warp is strong though indirect evidence for the
- existence of planets in this system. If Beta Pictoris had a solar
- system like ours, it would produce a warp like the one we see." Burrows
- concludes, "The Beta Pictoris system seems to contain at least one
- planet not too dissimilar from Jupiter in size and orbit. Rocky
- planets like Earth might circle Beta Pictoris as well. However, there
- is no evidence for these yet. Any planet will be at least a billion-
- times fainter than the star, and presently impossible to view directly,
- even with Hubble."
-
- An alterative explanation of the warp is that the disk could have been
- perturbed by a passing star However this is very unlikely because only
- the inner region of the disk is affected. Burrows estimates that there
- is a one in 400,000 chance for Beta Pictoris to have such a close
- encounter with another star. "Though Beta Pictoris is probably at least
- 100 million years old, other explanations for the warp do not allow it
- to last for very long."
-
- The size of the warp allows Burrows to roughly measure the mass of the
- orbiting body. "It must lie well within the warp, probably within the
- clear zone that exists around Beta Pictoris." On the other hand, he
- points out, it cannot be too close to the star because its
- gravitational pull would cause the star to "jiggle," and such radial
- velocity variations have never been seen in Beta Pictoris.
-
- Burrows estimates the planet is from one-twentieth to twenty times the
- mass of Jupiter. The planet must lie within the range of distances
- typical of planetary distances within our solar system -- from about
- Earth's distance from the Sun to about Pluto's distance from the Sun
- (Pluto is roughly 30 times father from the Sun than Earth.)
-
- If the suspected planet were as far from Beta Pictoris as Jupiter is
- from our Sun, it also would have about the same mass as Jupiter. The
- planet's orbit must be inclined by about three degrees to the plane of
- the Beta Pictoris disk, and this is typical of the inclinations of the
- orbits of the planets in our solar system.
-
- The star is located 50 light-years away in the southern constellation
- Pictor (Painter's Easel). Though its precise age is not known, Beta
- Pictoris is generally considered a mature, main sequence star, slightly
- hotter than our Sun.
-
- Detections of substellar objects orbiting nearby stars have recently
- been reported for two other normal (i.e., main sequence) stars --
- Gliese 229 and 51 Pegasus. However, Beta Pictoris is the only
- candidate that looks like it might possess a planetary system similar
- to our own.
-
- Beta Pictoris also is the only known star with a circumstellar disk of
- gas and dust that can be optically imaged. Despite the presence of
- dust around approximately one-third of the brightest nearby stars -- as
- deduced from NASA's Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) data --
- ground-based telescope imaging has not detected other disks.
-
- Several Hubble programs are currently in progress to search for these
- disks. The NICMOS (Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object
- Spectrometer), to be installed on Hubble during the February 1997
- servicing mission, will provide a near-infrared capability needed for
- this type of search.
-
- * * * * *
-
- The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association
- of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), for NASA,
- under contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.
- The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
- between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).
-
-
- Image files in GIF and JPEG format and captions may be accessed
- on Internet via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo.
-
- GIF JPEG
- PRC96-02 Beta Pic gif/BetaPicB.gif jpeg/BetaPicB.jpg
-
- Higher resolution digital versions (300dpi JPEG) of the release
- photographs will be available temorarily in /pubinfo/hrtemp:
- 96-02.jpg. GIF and JPEG images, captions and press release text are
- available via World Wide Web at URL
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/02.html, or
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html and
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html.
-
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