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- EMBARGOED UNTIL 3:30 p.m. MST, January 11, 1995
-
- SURPRISING HUBBLE IMAGES CHALLENGE QUASAR THEORY
-
- Astronomers report today that new observations from NASA's Hubble Space
- Telescope challenge thirty years of scientific theory about quasars,
- the most energetic objects in the universe. Hubble images show, to the
- surprise of researchers, that the environment surrounding quasars is
- far more violent and complex than expected, with evidence for galactic
- collisions and mergers.
-
- "This is a giant leap backwards in our understanding of quasars," says
- Professor John Bahcall of the Institute of Advanced Study at
- Princeton.
-
- Since their discovery in 1963, quasars (quasi-stellar objects) have
- been enigmatic because they emit prodigious amounts of energy from a
- very compact source. The most widely accepted model is that a quasar
- is powered by a supermassive black hole in the core of a more or less
- normal galaxy. However, confirming this model has been difficult
- because a quasar is so bright it drow ns out the light from the stars
- in the suspected host galaxy.
-
- Using the Wide Field Planetary Camera-2, Bahcall observed fourteen of
- the brightest and nearest quasars , assuming that the Space Telescope's
- resolution and sensitivity would at last reveal the host galaxies
- suggested by previous ground-based observations.
-
- "We were astonished when images of eight quasars did not reveal the
- bright host galaxies, as we expected based on simulations," says
- Bahcall, who conducted the observations with Donald Schneider,
- Pennsylvania State University, and Sofia Kirhakos, also of the
- Institute for Advanced Study. However, moderately bright host galaxies
- were identified in three other quasars observed.
-
- Donald Schneider emphasizes: "We are struggling to understand how our
- images fit into the general picture of quasar creation and evolution.
- This is the most enigmatic data I have ever analyzed, and it is much
- too early to know what the final conclusions will be."
-
- Even more puzzling, Hubble image s reveal that these apparently
- naked quasars have distinct companion galaxies that are so close that
- they will merge with the quasars in no more than ten million years.
-
- One pair in particular Bahcall calls the "smoking gun" because it
- reveals a galaxy that has been distorted by the gravitational pull of
- the quasar. Bahcall concludes, "this is clear evidence for
- interactions between this quasar and its nearby companion galaxy."
- This would mean that the quasars seen with a host galaxy have be en
- caught in the act of merging with their companion.
-
- Bahcall and his colleagues plan to extend his survey to other quasars.
- Their observations to date provide a new challenge for theorists since
- no current models predict the complex quasar interaction unveiled by
- Hubble. The results are being reported at the 185th meeting of the
- American Astronomical Society in Tucson, Arizona.
-