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CBM  94-10



Infectious Disease Testing for Blood Transfusions


January 1975 through October 1994

1888 Citations


Prepared by

Martha H. Glock, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Paul R. McCurdy, M.D., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute











U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
 AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health


National Library of Medicine
Reference Section
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland  20894

1994







National Library of Medicine Cataloging in Publication




Glock, Martha
    Infectious disease testing for blood transfusions :
  January 1975 through October 1994 : 1888 citations /
  prepared by Martha H. Glock, Paul R. McCurdy. --  Bethesda,
  Md. (8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20894) : U.S. Dept. of
  Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National
  Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine,
  Reference Section; Pittsburgh, PA : Sold by the Supt. of
  Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
    -- (Current bibliographies in medicine ; 94-10)

    Available from NLM at no cost through Internet FTP.
    Prepared in support of the Consensus Development
  Conference on Infectious Disease Testing for Blood
  Transfusions, held on January 9-11, 1995 at the National
  Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md.

    1. Blood Transfusion - bibliography  2. Communicable
  Diseases - blood - bibliography  3. HIV Infections - blood -
  bibliography  4. Hepatitis, Viral, Human - blood -
  bibliography  I. McCurdy, Paul R.  II. National Library of
  Medicine (U.S.).  Reference Section  III. Consensus
  Development Conference on Infectious Disease Testing for
  Blood Transfusions (1995 : National Institutes of Health)
  IV. Title  V. Series

  02NLM: ZW 1 N272 no.94-10









SERIES  NOTE


Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) is a continuation in
part of the National Library of Medicine's Literature Search
Series, which ceased in 1987 with No. 87-15.  In 1989 it also
subsumed the Specialized Bibliography Series.  Each bibliography
in the new series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine
and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function.
Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online
databases.  NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE, AVLINE,
BIOETHICSLINE, CANCERLIT, CATLINE, HEALTH, POPLINE and TOXLINE.
The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published
work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format,
ownership, or location of the material is not considered.

Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to:

Karen Patrias, Editor
Current Bibliographies in Medicine
Reference Section
National Library of Medicine
Bethesda, MD  20894
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Internet: [e-mail]

This bibliography, CBM 94-10, is the last publication in this
series for calendar year 1994.


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INFECTIOUS DISEASE TESTING FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS


The determination that the AIDS virus (human immunodeficiency
virus, HIV) could be transmitted by blood transfusion focussed
public, medical, regulatory, and Congressional interest on blood
transfusion safety.  Although the emergence of AIDS and the
discovery of HIV triggered the interest, hepatitis had long been
known to be transmitted by blood transfusion and to some was a
bigger threat to transfused patients.  In addition to improving
the screening of donors by modifying the health history
questionnaire, six new tests have been added to two older ones
that were applied to donated blood to reduce the potential for
infectious units to escape detection and be transfused.  One of
the old tests directly detects viruses or portions thereof (e.g.
HBsAG), while most of the new ones detect antibodies to viruses
(e.g., antibodies to HIV-1, HIV-2, HBcAg, HTLV-I, and HCV).  The
last of the six new tests is a non-specific indicator of liver
inflammation (ALT).  The utility of two of these tests (ALT and
antibodies to HBcAg) has been questioned, as has been the value
of a long-used test, the serological test for syphilis.  Because
of concern that some of these tests may have outlived their
usefulness, that resources are being wasted and that extra tests
mean some extra human errors, the National Institutes of Health
sponsored a Consensus Development Conference on Infectious
Disease Testing for Blood Transfusions.

This bibliography was prepared to support this Conference, held
on January 9-11, 1995 at the National Institutes of Health in
Bethesda, MD.  Because the concept of surrogate testing for
hepatitis was developed in the mid-to-late 1970's, an attempt was
made to include key articles and papers back to 1975.  The number
of articles that have addressed infectious disease testing of
donated blood is so large, however, that it has been necessary to
be selective.  For example, the relationship between surrogate
tests such as ALT and antibodies to HBcAg and non-A, non-B
hepatitis or HIV infection is likely to be different in parts of
Europe and in Asia, Africa, and South America than in the United
States.  Accordingly the list does not include many papers that
report studies done in those areas.  In particular, no articles
in a language other than English have been included if they were
published before 1990.  Some books and book chapters have been
included, but the bibliography primarily consists of journal
articles and conference papers and abstracts.  Unfortunately, in
the selection process some worthy papers may have been
overlooked.  The bibliography is arranged by disease or virus
tested for, and citations appear in only one category, although
it is recognized that some of the tests relate to more than one
transfusion-transmitted disease.









SEARCH  STRATEGY


A variety of online databases are usually searched in preparing
bibliographies in the CBM series.  To assist you in updating or
otherwise manipulating the material in this search, the strategy
used for the NLM's MEDLINE database is given below.  Please note
that the search strategies presented here differ from individual
demand searches in that they are generally broadly formulated and
irrelevant citations edited out prior to printing.


SS  1 = BLOOD TRANSFUSION OR BLOOD DONORS OR BLOOD BANKS OR
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION, WHOLE BLOOD OR ERYTHROCYTE TRANSFUSION OR
BLOOD COMPONENT TRANSFUSION
SS  2 = (TW) INFECTIOUS AND ALL DISEASE# OR COMMUNICABLE AND ALL
DISEASE#
SS  3 = 1 AND 2
SS  4 = COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
SS  5 = EXP HEPATITIS, VIRAL, HUMAN OR EXP HEPATITIS VIRUSES
SS  6 = EXP HEPATITIS ANTIBODIES OR EXP HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS
SS  7 = EXP HIV OR HIV ANTIBODIES OR EXP HIV ANTIGENS OR EXP HIV
INFECTIONS
SS  8 = EXP SYPHILIS OR EXP CHAGAS DISEASE OR EXP LYME DISEASE
SS  9 = BABESIOSIS OR BARTONELLA OR BARTONELLA INFECTIONS
SS 10 = EXP PARVOVIRIDAE OR EXP PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
SS 11 = VIREMIA OR BACTEREMIA OR FUNGEMIA
SS 12 = 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11
SS 13 = 1 AND 12
SS 14 = ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE/BLOOD OR MASS SCREENING
SS 15 = 14 AND EXP BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
SS 16 = 3 OR 13 OR 15



GRATEFUL  MED

To make online searching easier and more efficient, the Library
offers GRATEFUL MED, microcomputer-based software that provides a
user-friendly interface to most NLM databases.  This software was
specifically developed for health professionals and features
multiple choice menus and "fill in the blank" screens for easy
search preparation.  GRATEFUL MED runs on an IBM PC (or IBM-
compatible) with DOS 2.0 or a Macintosh, and requires a Hayes (or
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Technical Information Service in Springfield, Virginia, for
$29.95 (plus $3.00 per order for shipping).  For your
convenience, an order blank has been enclosed at the back of this
bibliography.








SAMPLE  CITATIONS


Citations in this bibliographic series are formatted according to
the rules established for Index Medicus.  Sample journal and
monograph citations appear below.  For journal articles written
in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is
placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the
original language.  In both cases the language of publication is
shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the
citation.  Note also that a colon (:) may appear within an
author's name or article title.  The NLM computer system
automatically inserts this symbol in the place of a diacritical
mark.




Journal Article:

          Authors                  Article Title

Barbara JA, Tegtmeier GE.  Cytomegalovirus and blood
transfusion. Blood Rev 1987 Sep;1(3):207-11.

Abbreviated Journal  Date  Volume  Issue  Pages
    Title



Monograph:

Authors/Editors                 Title

Smith DM, Carlson KB, editors.  Current scientific/ethical
dilemmas in blood transfusion.
Arlington (VA): American Association of Blood Banks; 1987. 113 p.

 Place of                     Publisher          Date       Total
 Publication                                                Pages




_________________________________

*For details of the formats used for references, see the
following publication:

Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats
for bibliographic citation.  Bethesda (MD):  The Library; 1991
Apr.  Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030.



TABLE  OF  CONTENTS





General

AIDS/HIV/HTLV

Babesiosis

Bacteremia

Chagas Disease

Cytomegalovirus

Hepatitis

Lyme Disease

Parvovirus

Syphilis and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Other than
AIDS/HIV/HTLV)

Other Diseases






General

Adoumie R, Lockanathan R, Yen A, Chiu RC.  Character of shed
blood in cardiac and thoracic surgery patients: implications for
reinfusion.  Can J Surg 1994 Jun;37(3):203-7.

AuBuchon JP, Dodd RY.  Analysis of the relative safety of
autologous blood units available for transfusion to homologous
recipients.  Transfusion 1988 Sep-Oct;28(5):403-5. Comment in:
Transfusion 1989 May;29(4):373-5.

Beauregard P, Blajchman MA.  Hemolytic and pseudo-hemolytic
transfusion reactions: an overview of the hemolytic transfusion
reactions and the clinical conditions that mimic them.  Transfus
Med Rev 1994 Jul;8(3):184-99.

Brunko P.  [Regulation of drugs derived from human blood and
plasma in the European Community].  Rev Fr Transfus Hemobiol 1992
Dec;35(6):425-8.  (Fre).

Buraia TL, Butakov AA, Drozhennikov VA, Nikulin VN, Pinegin BV,
Iushchuk ND.  [Changes in the myeloperoxidase and acid
phosphatase activities in human peripheral blood neutrophils with
the cells stimulated in vitro].  Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol
Immunobiol 1991 Oct;(10):52-5.  (Rus).

Busch MP, Guiltinan A, Skettino S, Cordell R, Zeger G, Kleinman
S.  Safety of blood donations following a natural disaster.
Transfusion 1991 Oct;31(8):719-23.

Carmel R, Shulman IA.  Blood transfusion in medically treatable
chronic anemia. Pernicious anemia as a model for transfusion
overuse.  Arch Pathol Lab Med 1989 Sep;113(9):995-7.

Cernescu C, Cristea A, Deutsch I.  [The improvement of a
serological screening method in blood transfusion].  Rev Roum
Virol 1990 Jul-Dec;41(3-4):181-95.  (Fre).

Chen HS, Yang ZH.  Perfluorocarbon as blood substitute in
clinical applications and in war casualties.  Biomater Artif
Cells Artif Organs 1988;16(1-3):403-9.

Corcoran E.  The burden of proof. Donated blood runs a costly
gauntlet of tests.  Sci Am 1989 Apr;260(4):79-80.

Eckert RD, Wallace EL.  Securing a safer blood supply: two views.
Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy
Research; 1985.  153 p.

Gargouri J, Brunot A, Souissi T.  [Infection control safety in
blood transfusions].  Tunis Med 1993 Feb;71(2):63-70.  (Fre).

Gimble J, Kline L, Friedman LI.  Evaluation of technical and
behavioral issues in predonation alanine aminotransferase
testing.  Transfusion 1989 Sep;29(7):584-9.

Heim MU, Mempel W.  [The need for thorough infection screening in
donors of autologous blood].  Beitr Infusionther 1991;28:313-6.
(Ger).

Heiss MM, Mempel W, Delanoff C, Mempel M, Jauch KW, Schildberg
FW.  [Clinical effects of blood transfusion-associated immune
modulation on outcome of tumor surgery].  Infusionsther
Transfusionsmed 1993 Jun;20 Suppl 2:25-9.  (Ger).

Hume HA, Ali AM, Decary F, Blajchman MA.  Evaluation of pediatric
transfusion practice using criteria maps.  Transfusion 1991
Jan;31(1):52-8.

Kruskall MS, Popovsky MA, Pacini DG, Donovan LM, Ransil BJ.
Autologous versus homologous donors. Evaluation of markers for
infectious disease.  Transfusion 1988 May-Jun;28(3):286-8.

Lanzer G, Beyer J, Weisshaar D.  [Walkaway systems in general
practice: Behring ELISA Processor III].  Beitr Infusionther
1993;31:218-23.  (Ger).

Laske A, Carrel T, Bauer E, Schonbeck M, Schmid ER, von Segesser
LK, Turina M.  [Blood transfusion and reducing the need for blood
in heart transplantation].  Helv Chir Acta 1991 May;57(6):883-8.
(Ger).

Lennon RL, Hosking MP, Gray JR, Klassen RA, Popovsky MA, Warner
MA.  The effects of intraoperative blood salvage and induced
hypotension on transfusion requirements during spinal surgical
procedures.  Mayo Clin Proc 1987 Dec;62(12):1090-4.

Love TR, Hendren WG, O'Keefe DD, Daggett WM.  Transfusion of
predonated autologous blood in elective cardiac surgery.  Ann
Thorac Surg 1987 May;43(5):508-12.

Mallory D, Malamut D, Sandler SG.  A decade of rare donor
services in the United States. Report of the American Red Cross
Rare Donor Registry (1981-1990).  Vox Sang 1992;63(3):186-91.

Mallouh AA, Asha M.  Beneficial effect of blood transfusion in
children with sickle cell chest syndrome.  Am J Dis Child 1988
Feb;142(2):178-82.

McBride JA, O'Hoski P, Barnes CC, Spiak C, Blajchman MA.  Rhesus
alloimmunization following intensive plasma exchange.
Transfusion 1983 Jul-Aug;23(4):352-4.

Mortimer PP.  Blood donor screening: benefits and costs
[editorial].  Br J Hosp Med 1992 Oct 7-20;48(7):356-7.

Popovsky MA, Devine PA, Taswell HF.  Intraoperative autologous
transfusion.  Mayo Clin Proc 1985 Feb;60(2):125-34.

Quartier P, Floch C, Meier F, Fruchart MF, Brossard Y, Lejeune C.
[Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage and prevention of fetomaternal
Rhesus incompatibility. The failure of our present system of
prevention].  J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)
1993;22(5):517-9.  (Fre).

Reesink HW, Nydegger UE, Tegtmeier GE, Barbara J, Seidl S,
Woodfield DG, Okochi K, Courouce AM, Van der Poel CL.  Blood
donor screening or `over-screening': how far to go in avoiding
transmission of infectious agents? [editorial].  Vox Sang
1992;63(1):59-69.

Rosen A, Klein M, Beck A.  [Follow-up in HELLP syndrome].
Zentralbl Gynakol 1990;112(5):273-7.  (Ger).

Safi MA, Ghaznawi HT, Arafa MS, Moselhi M.  An immunoserological
study among blood donors of Makkah region, Saudi Arabia.  J Egypt
Soc Parasitol 1989 Jun;19(1):91-9.

Schmidt PJ.  Introducing new tests before transfusion. Who shall
decide?  Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994 Apr;118(4):454-6.

Seltzer DG, Brown MD, Tompkins JS, Enger I, Cammisa FP Jr.
Toward the elimination of homologous blood use in elective lumbar
spine surgery.  J Spinal Disord 1993 Oct;6(5):412-21.

Sherwood WC.  Donor deferral registries.  Transfus Med Rev 1993
Apr;7(2):121-8.

Shulman IA, Saxena S, Nelson JM.  The impact of alanine
aminotransferase testing on Hispanic blood donations.  Arch
Pathol Lab Med 1987 Oct;111(10):988-9.

Soloway HB, Kaplan HS.  Mathematical implications of inadvertent
sample swapping and the perception of apparent rates of gross
error [letter].  Clin Chem 1990 Aug;36(8 Pt 1):1525-6.

Sorace JM, Carnahan GE, Moore GW, Berman JJ.  Automated review of
blood donor screening test patterns at a regional blood center.
Am J Clin Pathol 1992 Sep;98(3):334-44.

Sridhara S, Clarke BJ, Ofosu FA, High KA, Blajchman MA.  The
direct binding of human factor VII in plasma to recombinant human
tissue factor.  Thromb Res 1993 May 15;70(4):307-16.

Strauss RG, Levy GJ, Sotelo-Avila C, Albanese MA, Hume H, Schloz
L, Blazina J, Werner A, Barrasso C, Blanchette V, et al.
National survey of neonatal transfusion practices: II. Blood
component therapy.  Pediatrics 1993 Mar;91(3):530-6.

Toy PT, Stehling LC, Strauss RG, Esposito B, Huling D, Poole L,
Sears R.  Underutilization of autologous blood donation among
eligible elective surgical patients.  Am J Surg 1986
Nov;152(5):483-6.

Vorob'ev AI, Dabberkha NM.  [The problems of modern transfusion
science].  Ter Arkh 1991;63(7):4-9.  (Rus).

Wagner SJ, Bardossy L, Moroff G, Dodd RY, Blajchman MA.
Assessment of the hemostatic effectiveness of human platelets
treated with aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen and UV A light using a
rabbit ear bleeding time technique.  Blood 1993 Dec
1;82(11):3489-92.

Watanabe J.  [Laboratory tests in Japanese Red Cross Blood
Centers to prevent transfusion-transmitted diseases].  Rinsho
Byori 1991 Mar;Suppl 88:60-9.  (Jpn).

Weissauer W, Opderbecke HW.  [Preoperative patient education
about transfusion risks--medico-legal considerations of a BGH
decision].  Chirurg 1993 Oct;64(10 Suppl):199-205.  (Ger).

Weisshaar D.  [Experiences with the ES-600 equipment].  Beitr
Infusionther 1993;31:215-7.  (Ger).

Willett DE.  The duty to warn about transfusion risks.  Arch
Pathol Lab Med 1989 Mar;113(3):307-10.

Williams KM, Williams AE, Kline LM, Dodd RY.  Stability of serum
alanine aminotransferase activity.  Transfusion 1987 Sep-
Oct;27(5):431-3.

Wun T, Paglieroni T, Holland P.  Prolonged circulation of
activated platelets following plasmapheresis. J Clin Apheresis
1994;9(1):10-6.




AIDS/HIV/HTLV


The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Commentary. Council on
Scientific Affairs.  JAMA 1984 Oct 19;252(15):2037-43.

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].  Wkly Epidemiol Rec
1990 Feb 23;65(8):56-7.  (Fre).

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Surveillance of HIV-2
infection in blood donors, 1987-1989].  Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1991
Mar 22;66(12):84-5.  (Fre).

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Surveillance update
to 30 September 1989 in the WHO European Region].  Wkly Epidemiol
Rec 1990 Feb 2;65(5):31-4.  (Fre).

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and sexually
transmitted diseases].  Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1991 Aug
16;66(33):243-6.  (Fre).

Adams M, Lee TH, Busch MP, Heitman J, Marshall GJ, Gjerset GF,
Mosley JW.  Rapid freezing of whole blood or buffy coat samples
for polymerase chain reaction and cell culture analysis:
application to detection of human immunodeficiency virus in blood
donor and recipient repositories. The Transfusion Safety Study
Group.  Transfusion 1993 Jun;33(6):504-8.

Adler WH, Nagel JE.  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the
elderly.  Drugs Aging 1994 May;4(5):410-6.

Aledort LM.  AIDS: an update.  Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1983
Sep;18(9):159-65, 169-71.

Aledort LM.  Blood products and immune changes: impacts without
HIV infection.  Semin Hematol 1988 Apr;25(2 Suppl 1):14-9.

Aledort LM, Hilgartner MW, Pike MC, Gjerset GF, Koerper MA, Lian
EY, Lusher JM, Mosley JW.  Variability in serial CD4 counts and
relation to progression of HIV-I infection to AIDS in haemophilic
patients. Transfusion Safety Study Group.  BMJ 1992 Jan
25;304(6821):212-6.

Aledort LM, Operskalski EA, Dietrich SL, Koerper MA, Gjerset GF,
Lusher JM, Lian EC, Mosley JW.  Low CD4+ counts in a study of
transfusion safety. The Transfusion Safety Study Group [letter].
N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 11;328(6):441-2.  Published erratum appears
in N Engl J Med 1993 Apr 15;328(15):1128. Comment in: N Engl J
Med 1993 Feb 11;328(6):429-31.

Alfurayh O, Sobh M, Buali A, Ali MA, Barri Y, Qunibi W, Taher S.
Hepatitis C virus infection in chronic haemodialysis patients, a
clinicopathologic study.  Nephrol Dial Transplant
1992;7(4):327-32.  Comment in: Nephrol Dial Transplant
1992;7(12):1259-60.

Allain JP.  Prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies in patients
with hemophilia and in their sexual partners in France [letter].
N Engl J Med 1986 Aug 21;315(8):517-8.

Allen UD, Guerriere M, Read SE, Detsky AS.  Percutaneous injuries
among health care workers. The real value of human
immunodeficiency virus testing of `donor' blood.  Arch Intern Med
1991 Oct;151(10):2033-40.

Almond B.  AIDS - a moral issue: the ethical, legal and social
aspects. New York: St. Martin's Press; 1990.  186 p.

Alter HJ, Eichberg JW, Masur H, Saxinger WC, Gallo R, Macher AM,
Lane HC, Fauci AS.  Transmission of HTLV-III infection from human
plasma to chimpanzees: an animal model for AIDS.  Science 1984
Nov 2;226(4674):549-52.

Alter HJ, Epstein JS, Swenson SG, VanRaden MJ, Ward JW, Kaslow
RA, Menitove JE, Klein HG, Sandler SG, Sayers MH, et al.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 antigen in
U.S. blood donors--an assessment of the efficacy of testing in
donor screening. The HIV-Antigen Study Group. N Engl J Med 1990
Nov 8;323(19):1312-7.  Comment in: N Engl J Med 1991 Oct
17;325(16):1174-5.

AMA guidelines: counseling of HIV-seropositive transfusion
recipients.  Minn Med 1987 Aug;70(8):437-8.

American Medical Association, Board of Trustees.  AMA HIV policy
update: report X (I-89).  Chicago: The Association; 1989 Dec.  26
p.

Anderson DW, Epstein JS, Lee TH, Lairmore MD, Saxinger C,
Kalyanaraman VS, Slamon D, Parks W, Poiesz BJ, Pierik LT, et al.
Serological confirmation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I
infection in healthy blood and plasma donors.  Blood 1989 Nov
15;74(7):2585-91.

Anderson KC, Gorgone BC, Marlink RG, Ferriani R, Essex ME, Benz
PM, Groopman JE.  Transfusion-acquired human immunodeficiency
virus infection among immunocompromised persons.  Ann Intern Med
1986 Oct;105(4):519-27.

Anderson LJ.  The AIDS crisis and the medical-legal implications
of transfusion therapy.  ANNA J 1991 Jun;18(3):291-4, 322.

Andes WA, Daul CB, deShazo RD, Palmer CH.  Seroconversion to
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in hemophiliacs. Relation to
lymphadenopathy.  Transfusion 1988 Mar-Apr;28(2):98-102.

Andreu J, Abad MA, Sanchez-Quijano A, Torronteras R, Luque F,
Garcia de las Heras J, Soto B, Pineda JA, Leal M, Lissen E.  High
rate of nonspecific anti-hepatitis C reactivity amongst
homosexual men in comparison with that found in other sexually
active groups and blood donors. Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study
Group.  J Intern Med 1994 Jul;236(1):73-7.

Anthony JC, Vlahov D, Nelson KE, Cohn S, Astemborski J, Solomon
L.  New evidence on intravenous cocaine use and the risk of
infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.  Am J
Epidemiol 1991 Nov 15;134(10):1175-89.

Aronson DL.  Infection of hemophiliacs with HIV. J Clin Apheresis
1993;8(2):117-9.

Aronson DL.  Regulation and licensing of U.S. plasma products:
response to AIDS.  Dev Biol Stand 1987;67:215-20.

Ashton LJ, Learmont J, Luo K, Wylie B, Stewart G, Kaldor JM.  HIV
infection in recipients of blood products from donors with known
duration of infection.  Lancet 1994 Sep 10;344(8924):718-20.

Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Warren D, Solomon L, Nelson KE.  The
trading of sex for drugs or money and HIV seropositivity among
female intravenous drug users.  Am J Public Health 1994
Mar;84(3):382-7.

Atlas SJ, Singer DE, Skates SJ.  Changing blood use in the AIDS
era: the case of elective hip surgery.  Transfusion 1994
May;34(5):365-7.

Aubert V, Wauters JP, Schneider P, Chave JP, Frei PC.  Follow-up
of HIV-1 seroconversion in a dialysed patient infected by an
`HIV-negative' blood unit [letter].  AIDS 1990 Sep;4(9):929-30.

Ayala A, Rodriguez C, Belliard M, Perez J, Khoury E.  Prevalence
of HIV infection in blood donors [abstract].  Int Conf AIDS 1993
Jun 6-11;9(2):739.

Ayres L, Avillez F, Garcia-Benito A, Deinhardt F, Gurtler L,
Denis F, Leonard G, Ranger S, Grob P, Joller-Jemelka H, et al.
Multicenter evaluation of a new recombinant enzyme immunoassay
for the combined detection of antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2.  AIDS
1990 Feb;4(2):131-8.

Backer U, Gathof A, Howe J, Strobel E, Deinhardt F, Gurtler L,
Grob P, Joller-Jemelka H, Kuhnl P, Seidl S, et al.  A new second-
generation anti-HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay using recombinant
envelope and core proteins.  AIDS 1988 Dec;2(6):477-80.

Baecker U, Weinauer F, Michel P, Weise W.  HIV antigen screening
in blood donors [abstract].  Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun
6-11;9(2):739.

Baker AF.  Liability without fault and the AIDS plague compel a
new approach to cases of transfusion-transmitted disease.  Spec
Law Dig Health Care (Mon) 1991 Aug;(150):7-470.

Balfour HH Jr.  Transfusion and the human immunodeficiency virus
[editorial].  Transfusion 1993 Feb;33(2):101-2.  Comment on:
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Ward JW, Kleinman SH, Douglas DK, Grindon AJ, Holmberg SD.
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Williams AE, Sullivan MT, Fang CT, Sandler SG, Poiesz BJ, Ehrlich
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Zuck TF.  Decisions on screening for viral markers in blood
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Zuck TF.  Low technology in a high technology era [editorial].
Transfusion 1991 Jun;31(5):390-1.




Babesiosis


Cahill KM, Benach JL, Reich LM, Bilmes E, Zins JH, Siegel FP,
Hochweis S.  Red cell exchange: treatment of babesiosis in a
splenectomized patient.  Transfusion 1981 Mar-Apr;21(2):193-8.

Gorenflot A, Brasseur P, Bonmarchand G, Laneele D, Simonin D.  [2
cases of severe human babesiosis treated successfully (letter)].
Presse Med 1990 Feb 24;19(7):335.  (Fre).

Grabowski EF, Giardina PJ, Goldberg D, Masur H, Read SE, Hirsch
RL, Benach JL.  Babesiosis transmitted by a transfusion of
frozen-thawed blood.  Ann Intern Med 1982 Apr;96(4):466-7.

Healy GR, Walzer PD, Sulzer AJ.  A case of asymptomatic
babesiosis in Georgia.  Am J Trop Med Hyg 1976 May;25(3):376-8.

Jacoby GA, Hunt JV, Kosinski KS, Demirjian ZN, Huggins C, Etkind
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babesiosis by exchange transfusion.  N Engl J Med 1980 Nov
6;303(19):1098-100.

Machtinger L, Telford SR 3d, Inducil C, Klapper E, Pepkowitz SH,
Goldfinger D.  Treatment of babesiosis by red blood cell exchange
in an HIV-positive, splenectomized patient.  J Clin Apheresis
1993;8(2):78-81.

Marcus LC, Valigorsky JM, Fanning WL, Joseph T, Glick B.  A case
report of transfusion-induced babesiosis.  JAMA 1982 Jul
23;248(4):465-7.

Mintz ED, Anderson JF, Cable RG, Hadler JL.  Transfusion-
transmitted babesiosis: a case report from a new endemic area.
Transfusion 1991 May;31(4):365-8.

Popovsky MA.  Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis [editorial].
Transfusion 1991 May;31(4):296-8.

Popovsky MA, Lindberg LE, Syrek AL, Page PL.  Prevalence of
Babesia antibody in a selected blood donor population.
Transfusion 1988 Jan-Feb;28(1):59-61.

Rosner F, Zarrabi MH, Benach JL, Habicht GS.  Babesiosis in
splenectomized adults. Review of 22 reported cases.  Am J Med
1984 Apr;76(4):696-701.

Smith RP, Evans AT, Popovsky M, Mills L, Spielman A.
Transfusion-acquired babesiosis and failure of antibiotic
treatment.  JAMA 1986 Nov 21;256(19):2726-7.

Sun T, Tenenbaum MJ, Greenspan J, Teichberg S, Wang RT, Degnan T,
Kaplan MH.  Morphologic and clinical observations in human
infection with Babesia microti.  J Infect Dis 1983
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Uhnoo I, Cars O, Christensson D, Nystrom-Rosander C.  First
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Wittner M, Rowin KS, Tanowitz HB, Hobbs JF, Saltzman S, Wenz B,
Hirsch R, Chisholm E, Healy GR.  Successful chemotherapy of
transfusion babesiosis.  Ann Intern Med 1982 May;96(5):601-4.




Bacteremia


Bacterial contamination of platelet pools--Ohio, 1991.  MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep 1992 Jan 24;41(3):36-7.

Blei F, Puder DR.  Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia in a
chronically transfused patient with sickle cell anemia. Case
report and review of the literature.  Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol
1993 Nov;15(4):430-4.

Davda RK, Collins KA, Kitchens CS.  Case report: fatal
Staphylococcus aureus sepsis from single-donor platelet
transfusion.  Am J Med Sci 1994 May;307(5):340-1.

From the Centers for Disease Control. Yersinia enterocolitica
bacteremia and endotoxin shock associated with red blood cell
transfusions--United States, 1991.  JAMA 1991 May
1;265(17):2174-5.

Gibb AP, Martin KM, Davidson GA, Walker B, Murphy WG.  Bacterial
growth in blood for transfusion [letter].  Lancet 1992 Nov
14;340(8829):1222-3. Comment on: Lancet 1992 Sep
26;340(8822):755-6.

Goldman M, Blajchman MA.  Blood product-associated bacterial
sepsis.  Transfus Med Rev 1991 Jan;5(1):73-83.

Heltberg O, Skov F, Gerner-Smidt P, Kolmos HJ, Dybkjaer E,
Gutschik E, Jerne D, Jepsen OB, Weischer M, Frederiksen W, et al.
Nosocomial epidemic of Serratia marcescens septicemia ascribed to
contaminated blood transfusion bags.  Transfusion 1993
Mar;33(3):221-7. Comment in: Transfusion 1993 Mar;33(3):189-91.

Irani SF, Contractor CP, Singh V.  Recent advances in management
of neonatal septicemia [editorial].  Indian Pediatr 1991
Nov;28(11):1237-40.

Jones BL, Saw MH, Hanson MF, Mackie MJ, Scott J, Murphy WG.
Yersinia enterocolitica septicaemia from transfusion of red cell
concentrate stored for 16 days. J Clin Pathol 1993
May;46(5):477-8.

Parment PA, Gabriel M, Bruse GW, Stegall S, Ahearn DG.  Adherence
of Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis to blood transfusion
bags (CPD-SAGMAN sets).  Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25(6):721-4.

Puckett A, Davison G, Entwistle CC, Barbara JA.  Post transfusion
septicaemia 1980-1989: importance of donor arm cleansing.  J Clin
Pathol 1992 Feb;45(2):155-7.

Rasmussen SW, Koczulab B.  Transfusion associated bacteremia and
septic shock due to Erwinia herbicola.  Scand J Infect Dis
1992;24(2):241-3.

Sarkar S, Narang A, Roy P, Panigrahi D.  Bacteremia after
exchange transfusion in neonates.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993
Sep;12(9):777-9.

Shayegani M, Parsons LM, Waring AL, Donhowe J, Goering R,
Archinal WA, Linden J.  Molecular relatedness of Staphylococcus
epidermidis isolates obtained during a platelet transfusion-
associated episode of sepsis.  J Clin Microbiol 1991
Dec;29(12):2768-73.

Strobel E, Nathrath M, Peters J, Abele-Horn M, Wullenweber J.
[Acute intravasal hemolysis in Clostridium perfringens sepsis.
Differential diagnosis of hemolytic episodes].  Dtsch Med
Wochenschr 1994 Mar 18;119(11):375-9.  (Ger).

Szewzyk U, Szewzyk R, Stenstrom TA.  Growth and survival of
Serratia marcescens under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the
presence of materials from blood bags.  J Clin Microbiol 1993
Jul;31(7):1826-30.

Tipple MA, Bland LA, Murphy JJ, Arduino MJ, Panlilio AL, Farmer
JJ 3d, Tourault MA, Macpherson CR, Menitove JE, Grindon AJ, et
al.  Sepsis associated with transfusion of red cells contaminated
with Yersinia enterocolitica.  Transfusion 1990 Mar-
Apr;30(3):207-13. Comment in: Transfusion 1990 Mar-
Apr;30(3):193-5.

Zaza S, Tokars JI, Yomtovian R, Hirschler NV, Jacobs MR, Lazarus
HM, Goodnough LT, Bland LA, Arduino MJ, Jarvis WR.  Bacterial
contamination of platelets at a university hospital: increased
identification due to intensified surveillance.  Infect Control
Hosp Epidemiol 1994 Feb;15(2):82-7.




Chagas Disease


Ache A.  [Prevalence of human infections by Trypanosoma cruzi in
blood banks in Venezuela].  Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1993 Sep-
Oct;35(5):443-8.  (Spa).

Almeida E, Krieger MA, Carvalho MR, Oelemann W, Goldenberg S.
Use of recombinant antigens for the diagnosis of Chagas disease
and blood bank screening.  Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1990 Oct-
Dec;85(4):513-7.

Appleman MD, Shulman IA, Saxena S, Kirchhoff LV.  Use of a
questionnaire to identify potential blood donors at risk for
infection with Trypanosoma cruzi.  Transfusion 1993
Jan;33(1):61-4.

Astorga B, Weitz JC.  [Chagas' disease: an evaluation of
serodiagnosis at blood banks in the endemic areas of Chile].  Rev
Med Chil 1990 Oct;118(10):1116-8.  (Spa).

Belda Neto FM, Atienza J, Escario JA, Gomez Barrio A, De Diego
MC, Avedano MC, Martinez Fernandez R.  Chemoprophylaxis of
Chagas' disease: effects of new Triphenylmethane derivatives on
Trypanosoma-cruzi [abstract].  Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Rio J
1987;82 Suppl 1:173.  (Por).

Bruce-Chwatt LJ.  Transfusion associated parasitic infections.
Prog Clin Biol Res 1985;182:101-25.

Carrasco R, Miguez H, Camacho C, Echalar L, Revollo S, Ampuero T,
Dedet JP.  Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in blood
banks of seven departments of Bolivia.  Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
1990 Jan-Mar;85(1):69-73.

Carvalho MR, Krieger MA, Almeida E, Oelemann W, Santos CNDD,
Goldberg S.  Chagas' disease diagnosis; evaluation of different
tests in blood bank screening and study of sera samples
inconclusive for conventional serology [abstract].  Mem Inst
Oswaldo Cruz Rio J 1992;87 Suppl 2:134.

Carvalho MR, Krieger MA, Almeida E, Oelemann W, Shikanai-Yassuda
MA, Ferreira AW, Pereira JB, Saez-Alquezar A, Dorlhiac-Llacer PE,
Chamone DF, et al.  Chagas' disease diagnosis: evaluation of
several tests in blood bank screening.  Transfusion 1993
Oct;33(10):830-4.

Chiari E, de Oliveira AB, Raslan DS, Mesquita AA, Tavares KG.
Screening in vitro of natural products against blood forms of
Trypanosoma cruzi.  Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1991 May-
Jun;85(3):372-4.

Cimo PL, Luper WE, Scouros MA.  Transfusion-associated Chagas'
disease in Texas: report of a case.  Tex Med 1993
Dec;89(12):48-50.

Contreras MC, Schenone H, Borgono JM, Salinas P, Sandoval L,
Rojas A, Solis F.  [Chagasic infection in blood donors from
hospitals in endemic regions of Chile (1982-1987).
Epidemiological impact of the problem].  Bol Chil Parasitol 1992
Jan-Jun;47(1-2):10-5.  (Spa).

de Andrade AL, Martelli CM, Luquetti AO, de Oliveira OS, Almeida
e Silva S, Zicker F.  [Serological screening for Trypanosoma
cruzi among blood donors in central Brazil].  Bol Oficina Sanit
Panam 1992 Jul;113(1):19-27.  (Por).

Ferreira AW, Belem ZR, Moura ME, Camargo ME.  [Standardization of
serological tests for Chagas disease: an immunoenzymatic test for
blood donors triage].  Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1991 Mar-
Apr;33(2):123-8.  (Por).

Galel S, Kirchhoff LV.  Risk factors for Trypanosoma-cruzi
infection in California blood donors [abstract].  Transfusion
1992;32(8 Suppl):42s.

Gottlieb T.  Hazards of bacterial contamination of blood
products.  Anaesth Intensive Care 1993 Feb;21(1):20-3.

Grant IH, Gold JW, Wittner M, Tanowitz HB, Nathan C, Mayer K,
Reich L, Wollner N, Steinherz L, Ghavimi F, et al.  Transfusion-
associated acute Chagas disease acquired in the United States.
Ann Intern Med 1989 Nov 15;111(10):849-51.

Gudino MD, Linares J.  Chagas' disease and blood transfusion.
In: Westphal RG, Carlson KB, Turc JM, editors.  Emerging global
patterns in transfusion-transmitted infections. Arlington (VA):
American Association of Blood Banks; 1990.   p. 65-86.

Hammond DJ, Croft SL, Hogg J, Gutteridge WE.  A strategy for the
prevention of the transmission of Chagas' disease during blood
transfusion.  Acta Trop (Basel) 1986 Dec;43(4):367-78.

Hammond DJ, Hogg J, Gutteridge WE.  Trypanosoma cruzi: possible
control of parasite transmission by blood transfusion using
amphiphilic cationic drugs.  Exp Parasitol 1985 Aug;60(1):32-42.

Kerndt P, Waskin H, Shulman I, Nelson J, Steurer F, Kirchhoff L,
Gellert G, Waterman S.  Trypanosoma-cruzi antibody among blood
donors in Los Angeles, California [abstract].  Transfusion
(Phila) 1988;28(6 Suppl):31s.

Kerndt PR, Waskin HA, Kirchhoff LV, Steurer F, Waterman SH,
Nelson JM, Gellert GA, Shulman IA.  Prevalence of antibody to
Trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors in Los Angeles, California.
Transfusion 1991 Nov-Dec;31(9):814-8.

Kirchhoff LV.  Is Trypanosoma cruzi a new threat to our blood
supply?  Ann Intern Med 1989 Nov 15;111(10):773-5.

Knecher LM, Rojkin LF, Capriotti GA, Lorenzo LE.  Chagas' disease
screening in blood bank employing enzyme immunoassay.  Int J
Parasitol 1994 Apr;24(2):207-11.

Letelier ME, Rodriguez E, Wallace A, Lorca M, Repetto Y, Morello
A, Aldunate J.  Trypanosoma cruzi: a possible control of
transfusion-induced Chagas' disease by phenolic antioxidants.
Exp Parasitol 1990 Nov;71(4):357-63.

Lorca M, Atias A, Astorga B, Munoz P, Carrere I.  Trypanosoma
cruzi infections in blood banks of 12 Chilean hospitals.  Bull
Pan Am Health Organ 1983;17(3):269-74.

Lorca M, Child R, Garcia A, Silva M, Osorio J, Atias A.
[Evaluation of commercially available reagents for diagnosis of
chagas disease in Chilean blood banks. I. Selection of reagents].
Rev Med Chil 1992 Apr;120(4):420-6.  (Spa).

Luquetti AO.  [Response to letter to the editor 23(1):53, 1990:
Risk of cancer development in recipients of gentian violet-
treated blood. Validity of the interview (letter)].  Rev Soc Bras
Med Trop 1990 Oct-Dec;23(4):237-8.  (Por).

Milei J, Mautner B, Storino R, Sanchez JA, Ferrans VJ.  Does
Chagas' disease exist as an undiagnosed form of cardiomyopathy in
the United States? [editorial].  Am Heart J 1992
Jun;123(6):1732-5.

Moncayo A.  Chagas disease: epidemiology and prospects for
interruption of transmission in the Americas.  World Health Stat
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Moraes-Souza H, Wanderley DM, Brener S, Nascimento RD, Antunes
CM, Dias JC.  [Hemotherapy and transfusional Chagas' disease in
Brazil].  Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1994 May;116(5):406-18.  (Por).

Navin TR, Roberto RR, Juranek DD, Limpakarnjanarat K, Mortenson
EW, Clover JR, Yescott RE, Taclindo C, Steurer F, Allain D.
Human and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in California.  Am
J Public Health 1985 Apr;75(4):366-9.

Nickerson P, Orr P, Schroeder ML, Sekla L, Johnston JB.
Transfusion-associated Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a non-
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Nukui Y, Kutner JM, Roberti MRF, Saez-Alquezar A, Correa NS,
Dorlhiac-Llacer PE, Chamone DAF.  Prevalence of Chagas' disease
in multitransfused patients [abstract].  Transfusion 1992;32(8
Suppl):42s.

Pan AA, Brashear RJ, Schur JD, Winkler MA, Shih J, Decker R.
Chagas' disease among blood donors in North and South America;
the prevalence of seroreactive antibodies to Trypanosoma-cruzi in
the United States and Argentina [abstract].  Transfusion
1992;32(8 Suppl):65s.

Pan AA, Brashear RJ, Schur JD, Winkler MA, Shih J, Decker R.
Chagas' disease in the USA; a diagnostic test determining the
prevalence of seroreactive antibodies to Trypanosoma-cruzi in
blood donors [abstract].  Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992;47(4 Suppl):187.

Pinto AV, Ferreira VF, Capella RS, Gilbert B, Pinto MC, da Dilva
JS.  Activity of some naphthaquinones on blood stream forms of
Trypanosoma cruzi.  Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1987;81(4):609-10.

Pinto AV, Ferreira VF, Pinto MCR, Chaves GB.  New active
structures on bloodstream form of Trypanosoma-cruzi [abstract].
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Rio De J 1986;81 Suppl:157.

Ramos-Echevarria AA, Monteon-Padilla VM, Reyes-Lopez PA.
[Detection of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in blood
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Schmunis GA.  Chagas disease and blood transfusion.  Prog Clin
Biol Res 1985;182:127-46.

Schmunis GA.  Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas'
disease: status in the blood supply in endemic and nonendemic
countries.  Transfusion 1991 Jul-Aug;31(6):547-57.

Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Lopes MH, Tolezano JE, Umezawa E, Amato Neto
V, Barreto AC, Higaki Y, Moreira AA, Funayama G, Barone AA, et
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aspects and response to specific therapy in diagnosed cases in an
urban center].  Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1990 Jan-
Feb;32(1):16-27.  (Por).

Shulman IA.  Parasitic infections, an uncommon risk of blood
transfusion in the United States [editorial].  Transfusion 1991
Jul-Aug;31(6):479-80.

Shulman IA.  Parasitic infections and their impact on blood donor
selection and testing.  Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994
Apr;118(4):366-70.

Tanowitz HB, Kirchhoff LV, Simon D, Morris SA, Weiss LM, Wittner
M.  Chagas' disease.  Clin Microbiol Rev 1992 Oct;5(4):400-19.

Theis JH.  Latin American immigrants--blood donation and
Trypanosoma cruzi transmission [letter].  Am Heart J 1990
Dec;120(6 Pt 1):1483-4. Comment in: Am Heart J 1992
Jun;123(6):1724.

Trujillo Contreras F, Lozano Kasten F, Soto Gutierrez MM,
Hernandez Gutierrez R.  [The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi
infection in blood donors in the state of Jalisco, Mexico].  Rev
Soc Bras Med Trop 1993 Apr-Jun;26(2):89-92.  (Spa).

Velasco-Hernandez JX.  A model for Chagas disease involving
transmission by vectors and blood transfusion.  Theor Popul Biol
1994 Aug;46(1):1-31.

Villalba R, Fornes G, Alvarez MA, Roman J, Rubio V, Fernandez M,
Garcia JM, Vinals M, Torres A.  Acute Chagas' disease in a
recipient of a bone marrow transplant in Spain: case report.
Clin Infect Dis 1992 Feb;14(2):594-5.

Wanderley DM, de Carvalho ME, Mantegazza E, Yasumaru S, Barata
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the control of Chagas disease in the state of Sao Paulo
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Wendel S.  Chagas disease: an old entity in new places
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Wendel S, Gonzaga AL.  Chagas' disease and blood transfusion: a
New World problem?  Vox Sang 1993;64(1):1-12.




Cytomegalovirus


Barbara JA, Tegtmeier GE.  Cytomegalovirus and blood transfusion.
Blood Rev 1987 Sep;1(3):207-11.

Baronciani D, Angelucci E, Lucarelli G, Galimberti M, Polchi P,
Durazzi SM.  Cytomegalovirus infections in thalassemic patients
after bone marrow transplantation.  Bone Marrow Transplant 1990
Mar;5(3):167-72.  Published erratum appears in Bone Marrow
Transplant 1990 Sep;6(3):224.

Baronciani D, Polchi P, Lucarelli G, Filocamo M, Galimberti M,
Angelucci E, Durazzi SM, Giardini C, Bartolucci M.  CMV
infections in thalassemia patients after BMT.  Prog Clin Biol Res
1989;309:249-63.

Bayer WL, Tegtmeier GE.  The blood donor: detection and magnitude
of cytomegalovirus carrier states and the prevalence of
cytomegalovirus antibody.  Yale J Biol Med 1976 Mar;49(1):5-12.

Beneke JS, Tegtmeier GE, Alter HJ, Luetkemeyer RB, Solomon R,
Bayer WL.  Relation of titers of antibodies to CMV in blood
donors to the transmission of cytomegalovirus infection.  J
Infect Dis 1984 Dec;150(6):883-8.

Betts RF.  Syndromes of cytomegalovirus infection.  Adv Intern
Med 1980;26:447-66.

Bowden RA, Sayers M, Flournoy N, Newton B, Banaji M, Thomas ED,
Meyers JD.  Cytomegalovirus immune globulin and seronegative
blood products to prevent primary cytomegalovirus infection after
marrow transplantation.  N Engl J Med 1986 Apr
17;314(16):1006-10.

Brady MT, Demmler GJ, Seavy D, Reis S.  Method of blood
processing affects the prevalence of cytomegalovirus excretion in
newborn nurseries.  Am J Infect Control 1987 Dec;15(6):245-8.

Chou SW, Norman DJ.  The influence of donor factors other than
serologic status on transmission of cytomegalovirus to transplant
recipients.  Transplantation 1988 Jul;46(1):89-93.

de Graan-Hentzen YC, Gratama JW, Mudde GC, Verdonck LF, Houbiers
JG, Brand A, Sebens FW, van Loon AM, The TH, Willemze R, et al.
Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection in patients with
hematologic malignancies by intensive white cell depletion of
blood products.  Transfusion 1989 Nov-Dec;29(9):757-60.

De Witte T, Schattenberg A, Van Dijk BA, Galama J, Olthuis H, Van
der Meer JW, Kunst VA.  Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus
infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by using
leukocyte-poor random blood products from cytomegalovirus-
unscreened blood-bank donors.  Transplantation 1990
Dec;50(6):964-8.

Dworkin RJ, Drew WL, Miner RC, Mehalko S, Evans C, Baxter R.
Survival of cytomegalovirus in viremic blood under blood bank
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Jun;161(6):1310-1.

Eisenfeld L, Silver H, McLaughlin J, Klevjer-Anderson P, Mayo D,
Anderson J, Herson V, Krause P, Savidakis J, Lazar A, et al.
Prevention of transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection in
neonatal patients by the removal of white cells from blood.
Transfusion 1992 Mar-Apr;32(3):205-9. Comment in: Transfusion
1992 Mar-Apr;32(3):196-8.

Forbes BA.  Acquisition of cytomegalovirus infection: an update.
Clin Microbiol Rev 1989 Apr;2(2):204-16.

Gjesdal K, Orstavik I, Fagerhol M, Endresen K, Reikvam A, Ulstrup
JC, Sivertssen E.  Blood donor selection can prevent
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1987 Apr;8(4):378-81.

Ho M.  Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infections.  Rev Infect
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Huang ES, Huong SM, Tegtmeier GE, Alford C.  Cytomegalovirus:
genetic variation of viral genomes.  Ann N Y Acad Sci
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Jackson JB, Erice A, Englund JA, Edson JR, Balfour HH Jr.
Prevalence of cytomegalovirus antibody in hemophiliacs and
homosexuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Transfusion 1988 Mar-Apr;28(2):187-9.

Kane RC, Rousseau WE, Noble GR, Tegtmeier GE, Wulff H, Herndon
HB, Chin TD, Bayer WL.  Cytomegalovirus infection in a volunteer
blood donor population.  Infect Immun 1975 Apr;11(4):719-23.

Keen GA.  Human cytomegalovirus infection.  S Afr Med J 1985 Aug
3;68(3):159-61.

Luboldt W, Henneberg-Quester KB, Schaefer UW, Beelen DW, Quabeck
K, Thraenhart O.  [Experiences with transfusion of CMV tested
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Mackinnon S, Burnett AK, Crawford RJ, Cameron S, Leask BG,
Sommerville RG.  Seronegative blood products prevent primary
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Clin Pathol 1988 Sep;41(9):948-50.

Manez R.  [Transmission cytomegalovirus infection by blood
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Metselaar HJ, Ploeg RJ, Van Loon AM, Weiland HT, Rothbarth PH,
Paul LC, Brand A, Schaafsma R, Hendriks GF, Jeekel J, et al.
Prevention of CMV infection by screening for CMV antibodies in
renal allograft recipients and their blood and kidney donors.
Scand J Infect Dis 1988;20(2):135-9.

Miller WJ, McCullough J, Balfour HH Jr, Haake RJ, Ramsay NK,
Goldman A, Bowman R, Kersey J.  Prevention of cytomegalovirus
infection following bone marrow transplantation: a randomized
trial of blood product screening.  Bone Marrow Transplant 1991
Mar;7(3):227-34.

Murphy MF, Grint PC, Hardiman AE, Lister TA, Waters AH.  Use of
leucocyte-poor blood components to prevent primary
cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with acute leukaemia
[letter].  Br J Haematol 1988 Oct;70(2):253-4.

Nath N, Fang C, Wunderlich C, Dodd RY, Tegtmeier G.  A test for
human cytomegalovirus-specific immunoglobulins using a
modification of a commercial test kit.  J Virol Methods 1987
Feb;15(3):223-31.

Onorato IM, Morens DM, Martone WJ, Stansfield SK.  Epidemiology
of cytomegaloviral infections: recommendations for prevention and
control.  Rev Infect Dis 1985 Jul-Aug;7(4):479-97.

Preiksaitis JK.  Indications for the use of cytomegalovirus-
seronegative blood products.  Transfus Med Rev 1991
Jan;5(1):1-17.

Shuster EA, Beneke JS, Tegtmeier GE, Pearson GR, Gleaves CA, Wold
AD, Smith TF.  Monoclonal antibody for rapid laboratory detection
of cytomegalovirus infections: characterization and diagnostic
application.  Mayo Clin Proc 1985 Sep;60(9):577-85.

Singh N, Dummer JS, Kusne S, Breinig MK, Armstrong JA, Makowka L,
Starzl TE, Ho M.  Infections with cytomegalovirus and other
herpesviruses in 121 liver transplant recipients: transmission by
donated organ and the effect of OKT3 antibodies.  J Infect Dis
1988 Jul;158(1):124-31.

Siwak E, Kondriusik M, Daniluk J.  [Cytomegalovirus infection.
Epidemiology, CMV and pregnancy, CMV and recipients of vaccine,
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Smith KL, Cobain T, Dunstan RA.  Removal of cytomegalovirus DNA
from donor blood by filtration.  Br J Haematol 1993
Apr;83(4):640-2. Comment in: Br J Haematol 1993 Sep;85(1):232-4.

Sweet GH, Bryant SA, Tegtmeier GE, Beneke JS, Bayer WL.  Early
and late antigens of human cytomegalovirus:
electroimmunodiffusion assay of numbers, relationships, and
reactivities with donor sera.  J Med Virol 1985 Feb;15(2):137-48.

Tegtmeier GE.  Cytomegalovirus and blood transfusion.  Prog Clin
Biol Res 1985;182:175-99.

Tegtmeier GE.  Cytomegalovirus infection as a complication of
blood transfusion.  Semin Liver Dis 1986 Feb;6(1):82-95.

Tegtmeier GE.  Posttransfusion cytomegalovirus infections.  Arch
Pathol Lab Med 1989 Mar;113(3):236-45.

Tegtmeier GE.  Transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus
infections: significance and control.  Vox Sang 1986;51 Suppl
1:22-30.

Tegtmeier GE.  The use of cytomegalovirus-screened blood in
neonates.  Transfusion 1988 May-Jun;28(3):201-3.

Topke B.  [Clinical aspects and problems of cytomegalovirus
infections in newborn and premature infants].  Kinderarztl Prax
1991 Dec;59(12):368-74.  (Ger).

Watanabe K, Yonekura S, Komatsuda M, Yabe M.  [Management of
pancytopenia blood component transfusion and recombinant growth
factor].  Nippon Rinsho 1990 Sep;48(9):2035-40.  (Jpn).




Hepatitis


Aach RD, Hollinger FB, Szmuness W, Mosley JW, Gitnick GL, Kahn
RA, Stevens CE, Goodwin D, Weiner JM.  Post-transfusion
hepatitis: analysis of risk factors.  Acta Haematol Pol 1980 Jul-
Sep;11(3):159-64.

Aach RD, Kahn RA.  Post-transfusion hepatitis: current
perspectives.  Ann Intern Med 1980 Apr;92(4):539-46.

Aach RD, Lander JJ, Sherman LA, Miller WV, Kahn RA, Gitnick GL,
Hollinger FB, Werch J, Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Kellner A, Weiner
JM, Mosley JW.  Transfusion-transmitted viruses: interim analysis
of hepatitis among transfused and nontransfused patients. In:
Vyas GN, et al., editors.  Viral hepatitis.  Philadelphia:
Franklin Institute Press; 1978.  p. 383-96.

Aach RD, Stevens CE, Hollinger FB, Mosley JW, Peterson DA, Taylor
PE, Johnson RG, Barbosa LH, Nemo GJ.  Hepatitis C virus infection
in post-transfusion hepatitis. An analysis with first- and
second-generation assays.  N Engl J Med 1991 Nov 7;325(19):1325-9.

Aach RD, Szmuness W, Mosley JW, Hollinger FB, Kahn RA, Stevens
CE, Edwards VM, Werch J.  Serum alanine aminotransferase of
donors in relation to the risk of non-A,non-B hepatitis in
recipients: the transfusion-transmitted viruses study.  N Engl J
Med 1981 Apr 23;304(17):989-94.

Achord JL.  Sporadic vs. posttransfusion hepatitis C: why the
differences?  Gastroenterology 1991 Oct;101(4):1133-4.

Advances in viral hepatitis. Report of the WHO Expert Committee
on Viral Hepatitis.  World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser
1977;602:1-62.

Aeder MI, Shield CF, Tegtmeier GE, Bayer W, Luger AM, Nelson PW,
Pierce GE, Polito A, Wilber JC, Johnson P, et al.  Incidence and
clinical impact of hepatitis C virus-positive donors in cadaveric
transplantation.  Transplant Proc 1993 Feb;25(1 Pt 2):1469-71.

Aguelles O, Janot C.  Epidemiology of anti-HCV antibodies in
France. Viral Hepatitis Study Group of the French Blood
Transfusion Society.  Arch Virol Suppl 1992;4:249-52.

A-Kader HH, Balistreri WF.  Hepatitis C virus: implications to
pediatric practice.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993 Oct;12(10):853-66;
quiz 867.

A-Kader HH, Balistreri WF.  Significance of serum antibodies to
hepatitis C.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991 Mar;10(3):259.

Alberti A, Chemello L, Cavalletto D, Tagger A, Dal Canton A,
Bizzaro N, Tagariello G, Ruol A.  Antibody to hepatitis C virus
and liver disease in volunteer blood donors.  Ann Intern Med
1991 Jun 15;114(12):1010-2.

Alberti A, Morsica G, Chemello L, Cavaletto D, Noventa F,
Pontisso P, Ruol A.  Hepatitis C viraemia and liver disease in
symptom-free individuals with anti-HCV.  Lancet 1992 Sep
19;340(8821):697-8. Comment in: Lancet 1992 Nov 7;340(8828):1161.

Aledort LM, Levine PH, Hilgartner M, Blatt P, Spero JA, Goldberg
JD, Bianchi L, Desmet V, Scheuer P, Popper H, et al.  A study of
liver biopsies and liver disease among hemophiliacs.  Blood 1985
Aug;66(2):367-72.

al-Fawaz I, Ramia S.  Decline in hepatitis B infection in sickle
cell anaemia and beta thalassaemia major.  Arch Dis Child 1993
Nov;69(5):594-6.

al-Khaja N, Roberts DG, Belboul A, Lopere V, Bergman P, Radberg
G, Hermodsson S, Olsson RG.  Gamma globulin prophylaxis to reduce
post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis after cardiac surgery
with cardiopulmonary bypass.  Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
1991;25(1):7-12.

Allain JP.  Transfusion support for haemophiliacs.  Clin Haematol
1984 Feb;13(1):99-117.

Allain JP, Coghlan PJ, Kenrick KG, Whitson K, Keller A, Cooper
GJ, Vallari DS, Delaney SR, Kuhns MC.  Prediction of hepatitis C
virus infectivity in seropositive Australian blood donors by
supplemental immunoassays and detection of viral RNA.  Blood 1991
Nov 1;78(9):2462-8.

Alonso C, Pedroso ML, de Sanjose S, Montcharmont P, Chevre JM,
Boucaud MJ, Lambert V, Cortey ML, Trepo C.  Hepatitis C virus
among blood donors: follow-up study.  Transfusion 1994
Jun;34(6):527-30.

Alonso C, Qu D, Lamelin JP, de Sanjose S, Vitvitski L, Li J,
Berby F, Lambert V, Cortey ML, Trepo C.  Serological responses to
different genotypes of hepatitis C virus in France.  J Clin
Microbiol 1994 Jan;32(1):211-2.

Alter HJ.  Clinical, virological and epidemiological basis for
the treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.  J Hepatol
1990;11 Suppl 1:S19-25.

Alter HJ.  Descartes before the horse: I clone, therefore I am:
the hepatitis C virus in current perspective.  Ann Intern Med
1991 Oct 15;115(8):644-9.

Alter HJ.  Discovery of the non-A, non-B hepatitis virus: the end
of the beginning or the beginning of the end [editorial].
Transfus Med Rev 1989 Apr;3(2):77-81.

Alter HJ.  The dominant role of non-A, non-B in the pathogenesis
of post-transfusion hepatitis: a clinical assessment.  Clin
Gastroenterol 1980 Jan;9(1):155-70.

Alter HJ.  Evaluation of radioimmunoassay tests for hepatitis B
antigen. In: Hunter OB Jr, editor.  Radioassay: clinical
concepts.  Skokie (IL): Searle; 1974.  p. 163-72.

Alter HJ.  The evolution, implications, and applications of the
hepatitis B vaccine [editorial].  JAMA 1982 Apr
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Alter HJ.  Hepatitis B: a tribute to nondirected medical
research.  Semin Liver Dis 1981 Feb;1(1):1-6.

Alter HJ.  Hepatitis B and the health worker: prospective studies
in perspective [editorial].  Ann Intern Med 1976 Nov;85(5):971-2.

Alter HJ.  The hepatitis C virus and its relationship to the
clinical spectrum of NANB hepatitis.  J Gastroenterol Hepatol
1990;5 Suppl 1:78-94.

Alter HJ.  New kit on the block: evaluation of second-generation
assays for detection of antibody to the hepatitis C virus
[editorial].  Hepatology 1992 Feb;15(2):350-3. Comment on:
Hepatology 1992 Feb;15(2):175-9; Hepatology 1992 Feb;15(2):180-6;
Hepatology 1992 Feb;15(2):187-90.

Alter HJ.  Posttransfusion hepatitis: clinical features, risk and
donor testing.  Prog Clin Biol Res 1985;182:47-61.

Alter HJ, Barker LF, Holland PV.  Hepatitis B immune globulin:
Evaluation of clinical trials and rationale for usage
[editorial].  N Engl J Med 1975 Nov 20;293(21):1093-4.

Alter HJ, Chalmers TC.  The HBsAg positive health worker
revisited.  Hepatology 1981 Sep-Oct;1(5): 467-70.

Alter HJ, Chalmers TC, Freeman BM, Lunceford JL, Lewis TL,
Holland PV, Pizzo PA, Plotz PH, Meyer WJ 3rd.  Health-care
workers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Are their
contacts at risk?  N Engl J Med 1975 Feb 27;292(9):454-7.

Alter HJ, Creagan RP, Morel PA, Wiesehahn GP, Dorman BP, Corash
L, Smith GC, Popper H, Eichberg JW.  Photochemical
decontamination of blood components containing hepatitis B and
non-A, non-B virus.  Lancet 1988 Dec 24-31;2(8626-8627):1446-50.

Alter HJ, Holland PV.  Indirect tests to detect the non-A, non-B
hepatitis carrier state.  Ann Intern Med 1984 Dec;101(6):859-61.

Alter HJ, Holland PV, Morrow AG, Purcell RH, Feinstone SM,
Moritsugu Y.  Clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-
associated hepatitis.  Lancet 1975 Nov 1;2(7940):838-41.

Alter HJ, Holland PV, Purcell RH.  Current status of
posttransfusion hepatitis.  Pathobiol Annu 1980;10:135-56.

Alter HJ, Holland PV, Purcell RH.  The emerging pattern of post-
transfusion hepatitis.  Am J Med Sci 1975 Sep-Oct;270(2):329-34.

Alter HJ, Prince AM.  Transfusion-associated non-A, non-B
hepatitis: an assessment of the causative agent and its clinical
impact.  Transfus Med Rev 1988 Dec;2(4):288-93.

Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Feinstone SM, Holland PV, Morrow AG.  Non-
A/non-B hepatitis: a review and interim report of an ongoing
prospective study.  In: Vyas GN, et al., editors.  Viral
hepatitis.  Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press; 1978.  p.
355-69.

Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Gerin JL, London WT, Kaplan PM, McAuliffe
VJ, Wagner J, Holland PV.  Transmission of hepatitis B to
chimpanzees by hepatitis B surface antigen-positive saliva and
semen.  Infect Immun 1977 Jun;16(3):928-33.

Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Holland PV, Alling DW, Koziol DE.  Donor
transaminase and recipient hepatitis. Impact on blood transfusion
services.  JAMA 1981 Aug 7;246(6):630-4.

Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Holland PV, Popper H.  Transmissible agent
in non-A, non-B hepatitis.  Lancet 1978 Mar 4;1(8062):459-63.

Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Shih JW, Melpolder JC, Houghton M, Choo QL,
Kuo G.  Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in
prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and
chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.  N Engl J Med 1989 Nov
30;321(22):1494-500.

Alter HJ, Seeff LB, Kaplan PM, McAuliffe VJ, Wright EC, Gerin JL,
Purcell RH, Holland PV, Zimmerman HJ.  Type B hepatitis: the
infectivity of blood positive for e antigen and DNA polymerase
after accidental needlestick exposure.  N Engl J Med 1976 Oct
21;295(17):909-13.

Alter HJ, Shih JW.  Probable visualization of the elusive
hepatitis C virus.  Hepatology 1993 Jun;17(6):1164-6.

Alter HJ, Solomon RE, Hoofnagle JH, Melpolder J.  The clinical
significance of elevated serum trans aminase alanine amino
transferase in healthy blood donors [abstract].  Transfusion
1982;22(5):404.

Alter HJ, Tabor E, Meryman HT, Hoofnagle JH, Kahn RA, Holland PV,
Gerety RJ, Barker LF.  Transmission of hepatitis V virus
infection by transfusion of frozen-deglycerolized red blood
cells.  N Engl J Med 1978 Mar 23;298(12):637-42.

Alter HJ, Tegtmeier GE, Jett BW, Quan S, Shih JW, Bayer WL,
Polito A.  The use of a recombinant immunoblot assay in the
interpretation of anti-hepatitis C virus reactivity among
prospectively followed patients, implicated donors, and random
donors.  Transfusion 1991 Oct;31(8):771-6.

Alter MJ.  Non-A, Non-B hepatitis: sorting through a diagnosis of
exclusion.  Ann Intern Med 1989 Apr 15;110(8):583-5.

Alter MJ.  Review of serologic testing for hepatitis C virus
infection and risk of posttransfusion hepatitis C.  Arch Pathol
Lab Med 1994 Apr;118(4):342-5.

Alter MJ, Coleman PJ, Alexander WJ, Kramer E, Miller JK, Mandel
E, Hadler SC, Margolis HS.  Importance of heterosexual activity
in the transmission of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis.
JAMA 1989 Sep 1;262(9):1201-5. Comment in: JAMA 1990 Jan
26;263(4):518.

Alter MJ, Gerety RJ, Smallwood LA, Sampliner RE, Tabor E,
Deinhardt F, Frosner G, Matanoski GM.  Sporadic non-A, non-B
hepatitis: frequency and epidemiology in an urban U.S.
population.  J Infect Dis 1982 Jun;145(6):886-93.

Alter MJ, Hadler SC, Francis DP, Maynard JE.  The epidemiology of
non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States.  Prog Clin Biol Res
1985;182:71-9.

Alter MJ, Sampliner RE.  Hepatitis C: and miles to go before we
sleep [editorial].  N Engl J Med 1989 Nov 30;321(22):1538-40.

Anderson CC, Contreras M, Barbara JA, Mijovic V.  Surrogate
testing for non-A, non-B hepatitis [letter].  Lancet 1987 Apr
18;1(8538):912.

Anderson KE, Stevens CE, Tsuei JJ, Lee WC, Sun SC, Beasley P.
Hepatitis B antigen in infants born to mothers with chronic
hepatitis B antigenemia in Taiwan.  Am J Dis Child 1975
Dec;129(12):1389-92.

Anderson NA, Raafat A, Shwe KH, Barbara J, Contreras M, Fraser
ID, Gunson HH, Martlew V, Mijovic V, Goldie DJ, et al.  U.K.
multicentre study on blood donors for surrogate markers of non-A
non-B hepatitis. Part I: Alanine transferase and anti-HBc
testing.  Transfus Med 1992 Dec;2(4):301-10.

Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in haemophilia [letter].  Lancet
1989 Sep 2;2(8662):560-1.

Aoki SK, Finegold D, Kuramoto IK, Douville C, Richards C, Randell
R, Fernando L, Holland PV, Zeldis JB.  Significance of antibody
to hepatitis B core antigen in blood donors as determined by
their serologic response to hepatitis B vaccine.  Transfusion
1993 May;33(5):362-7.

Aoki SK, Holland PV, Fernando LP, Kuramoto IK, Anderson S, Sazama
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Lyme Disease


Aoki SK, Holland PV.  Lyme disease--another transfusion risk?
Transfusion 1989 Sep;29(7):646-5. Comment in: Transfusion 1990
May;30(4):380-1.

Arzouni JP, Laveran M, Beytout J, Ramousse O, Raoult D.
Comparison of western blot and microimmunofluorescence as tools
for Lyme disease seroepidemiology.  Eur J Epidemiol 1993
May;9(3):269-73.

Badon SJ, Fister RD, Cable RG.  Survival of Borrelia burgdorferi
in blood products.  Transfusion 1989 Sep;29(7):581-3.

Bohme M, Schembra J, Bocklage H, Schwenecke S, Fuchs E, Karch H,
Wiebecke D.  [Infections with Borrelia burgdorferi in Wurzburg
blood donors: antibody prevalence, clinical aspects and pathogen
detection in antibody positive donors].  Beitr Infusionther
1992;30:96-9.  (Ger).

Bohme M, Schwenecke S, Fuchs E, Wiebecke D, Karch H.  Screening
of blood donors and recipients for Borrelia burgdorferi
antibodies: no evidence of B. burgdorferi infection transmitted
by transfusion.  Infusionsther Transfusionsmed 1992
Aug;19(4):204-7.

Ciavarella D, Wormser G, Henney C, Aguero-Rosenfield M.  A
seroprevalence study of antibodies to Borrelia-burgdorferi BB in
blood donors residing in an endemic area [abstract].  Transfusion
1992;32(8 Suppl):65s.

Gerber MA, Shapiro ED, Krause PJ, Cable RG, Badon SJ, Ryan RW.
The risk of acquiring Lyme disease or babesiosis from a blood
transfusion.  J Infect Dis 1994 Jul;170(1):231-4.

Halkier-Sorensen L, Kragballe K, Nedergaard ST, Jorgensen J,
Hansen K.  Lack of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by blood
transfusion [letter].  Lancet 1990 Mar 3;335(8688):550.

Huycke MM, D'Alessio DD, Marx JJ.  Prevalence of antibody to
Borrelia burgdorferi by indirect fluorescent antibody assay,
ELISA, and western immunoblot in healthy adults in Wisconsin and
Arizona.  J Infect Dis 1992 Jun;165(6):1133-7.

Johnson SE, Swaminathan B, Moore P, Broome CV, Parvin M.
Borrelia burgdorferi: survival in experimentally infected human
blood processed for transfusion.  J Infect Dis 1990
Aug;162(2):557-9.

Nadelman RB, Sherer C, Mack L, Pavia CS, Wormser GP.  Survival of
Borrelia burgdorferi in human blood stored under blood banking
conditions.  Transfusion 1990 May;30(4):298-301.

Nohlmans MK, van den Bogaard AE, Blaauw AA, van Boven CP.
[Prevalence of Lyme borreliosis in The Netherlands].  Ned
Tijdschr Geneeskd 1991 Nov 30;135(48):2288-92.  (Dut).

Petersen LR, Sweeney AH, Checko PJ, Magnarelli LA, Mshar PA, Gunn
RA, Hadler JL.  Epidemiological and clinical features of 1,149
persons with Lyme disease identified by laboratory-based
surveillance in Connecticut.  Yale J Biol Med 1989 May-
Jun;62(3):253-62.

Schmidt R, Gollmer E, Zunser R, Kruger J, Ackermann R.
Prevalence of Erythema migrans Borreliosis in blood donors.
Infusionstherapie 1989 Dec;16(6):248-51.

Weiland T, Kuhnl P, Darda C, Sibrowski W, Pulz M.  [Retrospective
study of a borreliosis infected blood donor].  Beitr Infusionther
1991;28:32-4.  (Ger).

Weiland T, Kuhnl P, Laufs R, Heesemann J.  [Prevalence of
Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in Hamburg blood donors].  Beitr
Infusionther 1992;30:92-5.  (Ger).




Parvovirus


Blacklock HA, Mortimer PP.  Aplastic crisis and other effects of
the human parvovirus infection.  Clin Haematol 1984
Oct;13(3):679-91.

Cohen BJ, Field AM, Gudnadottir S, Beard S, Barbara JA.  Blood
donor screening for parvovirus B19.   J Virol Methods 1990
Dec;30(3):233-8.

Cohen BJ, Mortimer PP, Pereira MS.  Diagnostic assays with
monoclonal antibodies for the human serum parvovirus-like virus
(SPLV).  J Hyg (Lond) 1983 Aug;91(1):113-30.

Cutlip AC, Gross KM, Lewis MJ.  Occult hereditary spherocytosis
and human parvovirus infection. J Am Board Fam Pract 1991 Nov-
Dec;4(6):461-4.

Eriksson BM, Stromberg A, Kreuger A.  Human parvovirus B19
infection with severe anemia affecting mother and son.  Scand J
Infect Dis 1988;20(3):335-7.

Fridell E, Cohen BJ, Wahren B.  Evaluation of a synthetic-peptide
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M to human
parvovirus B19.  J Clin Microbiol 1991 Jul;29(7):1376-81.

Goldstein AR, Anderson MJ, Serjeant GR.  Parvovirus associated
aplastic crisis in homozygous sickle cell disease.  Arch Dis
Child 1987 Jun;62(6):585-8.

Kurtzman GJ, Cohen B, Meyers P, Amunullah A, Young NS.
Persistent B19 parvovirus infection as a cause of severe chronic
anaemia in children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia.  Lancet
1988 Nov 19;2(8621):1159-62.

McOmish F, Yap PL, Jordan A, Hart H, Cohen BJ, Simmonds P.
Detection of parvovirus B19 in donated blood: a model system for
screening by polymerase chain reaction.  J Clin Microbiol 1993
Feb;31(2):323-8.

Morinet F.  B19 parvovirus and blood transfusion.  Dev Biol Stand
1993;81:45-7.

Mortimer PP, Luban NL, Kelleher JF, Cohen BJ.  Transmission of
serum parvovirus-like virus by clotting-factor concentrates.
Lancet 1983 Aug 27;2(8348):482-4.

Muir K, Todd WT, Watson WH, Fitzsimons E.  Viral-associated
haemophagocytosis with parvovirus-B19-related pancytopenia.
Lancet 1992 May 9;339(8802):1139-40. Comment in: Lancet 1992 Jul
11;340(8811):115.

Niitsu H, Takatsu H, Miura I, Chubachi A, Ito T, Hirokawa M, Endo
Y, Miura A, Fukuda M, Sasaki T.  [Pure red cell aplasia induced
by B19 parvovirus during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].
Rinsho Ketsueki 1990 Sep;31(9):1566-71.  (Jpn).

Nour B, Green M, Michaels M, Reyes J, Tzakis A, Gartner JC,
McLoughlin L, Starzl TE.  Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric
transplant patients.  Transplantation 1993 Oct;56(4):835-8.

Rappaport ES, Quick G, Ransom D, Helbert B, Frankel LS.  Aplastic
crisis in occult hereditary spherocytosis caused by human
parvovirus (HPV B19).  South Med J 1989 Feb;82(2):247-51.

Sibrowski W, Kuhnl P.  [Viral safety in hemotherapy. Current
aspects of hepatitis C and parvovirus B19 detection for plasma
component therapy].  Beitr Infusionther 1990;26:22-6.  (Ger).

Snowden JA, Ali-Wali WI.  Human parvovirus B19. Virus
transmissible in blood products [letter].  BMJ 1994 Feb
26;308(6928):595. Comment on: BMJ 1994 Jan 15;308(6922):149-50.




Syphilis and Other Sexually-Transmitted
     Diseases (Other than AIDS/HIV/HTLV)


Beal RW, Merry DJ.  The VDRL test in a blood transfusion service.
J Clin Pathol 1975 Nov;28(11):854-9.

Biendo M, Orfila J.  [Serodiagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and
Chlamydia pneumoniae. Evaluation comparing 2 methods:
microimmunofluorescence and ELISA. A study of 216 Congolese
sera].  Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1994;87(2):81-4.  (Fre).

Bogdanik I, Namirska-Krzton H.  [Results of serological tests for
syphilis used in preventive examinations].  Acta Haematol Pol
1992;23(1):49-54.  (Pol).

Cope JC, Vincent JL, Patten E.  Evaluation of syphilis testing of
blood donors [abstract].  Transfusion 1991;31(8 Suppl):78s.

De Schryver A, Meheus A.  Syphilis and blood transfusion: a
global perspective.  Transfusion 1990 Nov-Dec;30(9):844-7.

Kim YA, Lee JB, Lee MG.  Recent trends of syphilis prevalence in
normal population in Korea-1986.   J Korean Med Sci 1988
Mar;3(1):13-7.

Kline LM, Friedman LI, Severns ML.  Cost analysis of routine
laboratory testing in blood centers.  Transfusion 1986 May-
Jun;26(3):227-30.

Nagano I, Ohtomo H, Noda N.  [Fundamental study on serological
diagnosis of amoebiasis. 3. Serological survey of amoebiasis in
blood donors showing seropositive for syphilis].  Kansenshogaku
Zasshi 1991 Jan;65(1):1-6.  (Jpn).

[Practical approach to the serodiagnosis of syphilis in a blood
donor].  Rev Fr Transfus Hemobiol 1991 Jul;34(4):351-2.  (Fre).

Puckett A, Pratt G.  Syphilis screening in the Blood Transfusion
Service: a report of four years' experience with the Treponema
pallidum haemagglutination assay and the subsequent development
of a rapid spin method.  J Clin Pathol 1987 Nov;40(11):1337-9.

Risseeuw-Appel IM, Kothe FC.  Transfusion syphilis: a case
report.  Sex Transm Dis 1983 Oct-Dec;10(4):200-1.

Roberts SC, Dowd JC, Savalonis JM.  An automated test for
detection of Treponema-pallidum antibodies using the Olympus
pk7100 [abstract].  Ann Clin Lab Sci 1990;20(4):285-6.

Saxinger C, Polesky H, Eby N, Grufferman S, Murphy R, Tegtmeir G,
Parekh V, Memon S, Hung C.  Antibody reactivity with HBLV (HHV-6)
in U.S. populations.  J Virol Methods 1988 Sep;21(1-4):199-208.

Seidl S.  Syphilis screening in the 1990s [editorial].
Transfusion 1990 Nov-Dec;30(9):773-4.

Serrano J.  [Syphilis and blood transfusion].  Sangre (Barc) 1991
Jun;36(3):211-5.  (Spa).

Sevars AH, Schasfoort RB, Salden MH.  An immunosensor for
syphilis screening based on surface plasmon resonance.  Biosens
Bioelectron 1993;8(3-4):185-9.

Soendjojo A, Boedisantoso M, Ilias MI, Rahardjo D.  Syphilis
d'emblee due to blood transfusion. Case report.  Br J Vener Dis
1982 Jun;58(3):149-50.

Stienstra S, Peeters T, van der Straaten AM, Kadir N.  Treponema
pallidum membrane protein A ELISA: a new test for screening and
diagnosis of syphilis.  Beitr Infusionther 1992;30:85-91.

van der Sluis JJ, Onvlee PC, Kothe FC, Vuzevski VD, Aelbers GM,
Menke HE.  Transfusion syphilis, survival of Treponema pallidum
in donor blood. I. Report of an orientating study.  Vox Sang
1984;47(3):197-204.

van der Sluis JJ, ten Kate FJ, Vuzevski VD, Kothe FC, Aelbers GM,
van Eijk RV.  Transfusion syphilis, survival of Treponema
pallidum in stored donor blood. II. Dose dependence of
experimentally determined survival times.  Vox Sang
1985;49(6):390-9.




Other Diseases


Arduino MJ, Bland LA, Tipple MA, Aguero SM, Favero MS, Jarvis WR.
Growth and endotoxin production of Yersinia enterocolitica and
Enterobacter agglomerans in packed erythrocytes. J Clin Microbiol
1989 Jul;27(7):1483-5.

Bayer WL, Tegtmeier GE, Barbara JA.  The significance of non-A,
non-B hepatitis, cytomegalovirus and the acquired immune
deficiency syndrome in transfusion practice.  Clin Haematol 1984
Feb;13(1):253-69.

Blajchman MA, Thornley JH, Richardson H, Elder D, Spiak C, Racher
J.  Platelet transfusion-induced Serratia marcescens sepsis due
to vacuum tube contamination.  Transfusion 1979 Jan-
Feb;19(1):39-44.

Bove JR.  Transfusion-transmitted diseases other than AIDS and
hepatitis.  Yale J Biol Med 1990 Sep-Oct;63(5):347-51.

Busch MP, Holland PV.  Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL)
and the safety of blood transfusions: what do we know and what
should we do? [editorial].  Transfusion 1992 Nov-Dec;32(9):800-4.

Choudhury N, Jolly JG, Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC, Dubey ML.
Plasmodial antigen detection by monoclonal antibody as a
screening procedure for blood donors in transfusion medicine.  J
Indian Med Assoc 1991 Dec;89(12):334-6, 333.

Dodd RY.  The risk of transfusion-transmitted infection
[editorial].  N Engl J Med 1992 Aug 6;327(6):419-21. Comment on:
N Engl J Med 1992 Aug 6;327(6):369-73. Comment in: N Engl J Med
1993 Apr 29;328(17):1280-1.

Ferguson SJ, Boyce F, Blajchman MA.  Anti-Ytb in pregnancy.
Transfusion 1979 Sep-Oct;19(5):581-2.

Ferreira-da-Cruz M de F, Machado-Passo R, Fortier B, Daniel-
Ribeiro C.  Development of an immunoenzymatic assay using a
monoclonal antibody against a 50-kDa catabolite from the P126
Plasmodium falciparum protein to the diagnosis of malaria
infection.  Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1992;87 Suppl 3:187-92.

Grossman BJ, Kollins P, Lau PM, Perreten JL, Bowman RJ, Malcolm
S, Palko WM.  Screening blood donors for gastrointestinal
illness: a strategy to eliminate carriers of Yersinia
enterocolitica.  Transfusion 1991 Jul-Aug;31(6):500-1. Comment
in: Transfusion 1992 Feb;32(2):191.

Hamill TR, Hamill SG, Busch MP.  Effects of room-temperature
exposure on bacterial growth in stored red cells.  Transfusion
1990 May;30(4):302-6.

Heredia A, Joshi B, Weiss SH, Lee SF, Muller J, Poffenberger KL,
Quirinale J, Epstein JS, Hewlett IK.  Absence of evidence of
retrovirus infection in intravenous drug users with idiopathic
CD4+ lymphocytopenia [letter].  J Infect Dis 1994
Sep;170(3):748-9.

Holland PV.  Why a new standard to prevent Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease [editorial].  Transfusion 1988 Jul-Aug;28(4):293-4.

Holtmann G, Goebell H, Holtmann M, Talley NJ.  Dyspepsia in
healthy blood donors. Pattern of symptoms and association with
Helicobacter pylori.  Dig Dis Sci 1994 May;39(5):1090-8.

Infection, immunity, and blood transfusion. Proceedings of the
XVIth Annual Scientific Symposium of the American Red Cross; 1984
May 9-11; Washington.  Prog Clin Biol Res 1985;182:1-464.

Isacchi G, Cardillo AM, Chiarioni S, Gozzer M, Granati L, Panzini
E, Perrone P, Pugliese P, Rosato V, Screnci M, et al.
[Transfusion therapy in the strategy for bone marrow
transplantation].  Haematologica 1991 Jun;76 Suppl 3:411-9.
(Ita).

Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA, Paavonen JA, Galloway DA, Critchlow CW,
Beckmann AM, McDougall JK, Peterson ML, Stevens CE, Lipinski CM,
et al.  Prevalence of genital papillomavirus infection among
women attending a college student health clinic or a sexually
transmitted disease clinic.  J Infect Dis 1989
Feb;159(2):293-302.

Klein HG.  Controversies in transfusion medicine. Alanine
aminotransferase screening of blood donors: pro.  Transfusion
1990 May;30(4):363-7.

Koerner K, Peichl-Hoffmann G, Kubanek B.  [Confidential donor
self-exclusion for raising the safety of blood preparations].
Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1990 Jan 5;115(1):8-11.  (Ger).

Kubanek B.  [Risks of homologous blood transfusion].  Klin
Anasthesiol Intensivther 1993;43:11-20.  (Ger).

Kusne S, Dummer JS, Singh N, Iwatsuki S, Makowka L, Esquivel C,
Tzakis AG, Starzl TE, Ho M.  Infections after liver
transplantation. An analysis of 101 consecutive cases.  Medicine
(Baltimore) 1988 Mar;67(2):132-43.

Mannucci PM, Schimpf K, Abe T, Aledort LM, Anderle K, Brettler
DB, Hilgartner MW, Kernoff PB, Kunschak M, McMillan CW, et al.
Low risk of viral infection after administration of vapor-heated
factor VIII concentrate. International Investigator Group.
Transfusion 1992 Feb;32(2):134-8.

Mazzoleni G, deSa D, Gately J, Riddell RH.  Yersinia
enterocolitica infection with ileal perforation associated with
iron overload and deferoxamine therapy.  Dig Dis Sci 1991
Aug;36(8):1154-60.

Memon A, Doll R.  A search for unknown blood-borne oncogenic
viruses.  Int J Cancer 1994 Aug 1;58(3):366-8.

Menitove JE.  Current issues in blood component therapy:
transmission of infectious diseases.  Oncology (Huntingt) 1987
Jun;1(4):21-30.

Nazaretian MK, Karapetian IuS, Antonian RK.  [Autologous blood
transfusion and the problem of safe blood].  Gematol Transfuziol
1991 Feb;36(2):22-5.  (Rus).

Okuda K.  Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatology 1986 Jul-Aug;6(4):729-38.

Perez Bianco R, Santarelli MT.  [Analysis of a national
serological survey for diseases transmitted by blood
transfusion].  Medicina (B Aires) 1993;53(6):491-6.  (Spa).

Politis C.  Complications of blood transfusion in thalassemia.
Prog Clin Biol Res 1989;309:67-76.

Sachs V.  [Transfusion medicine at present and in the future].
Beitr Infusionther 1990;26:XV-XXII.  (Ger).

Saxena S, Odono V, Uba J, Nelson JM, Lewis WL, Shulman IA.  The
risk of bacterial growth in units of blood that have warmed to
more than 10 degrees C.  Am J Clin Pathol 1990 Jul;94(1):80-3.

Sayers MH.  Transfusion-transmitted viral infections other than
hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and
human parvovirus B19.  Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994 Apr;118(4):346-9.

Sazama K.  Reports of 355 transfusion-associated deaths:1976
through 1985.  Transfusion 1990 Sep;30(7):583-90.

Shimizu M.  [Current status of transfusion-transmitted
infection].  Rinsho Ketsueki 1993 Apr;34(4):411-7.  (Jpn).

Shulman IA.  Parasitic infection from blood transfusions.  MLO
Med Lab Obs 1992 Sep;24(9):55-6, 58, 60.

Shulman IA, Appleman MD.  An overview of unusual diseases
transmitted by blood transfusion within the USA.  In: Westphal
RG, Carlson KB, Turc JM, editors. Emerging global patterns in
transfusion-transmitted infections. Arlington (VA): American
Association of Blood Banks; 1990.  p. 1-30.

Shulman IA, Appleman MD.  Transmission of parasitic and bacterial
infections through blood transfusion within the U.S.  Crit Rev
Clin Lab Sci 1991;28(5-6):447-59.

Shulman IA, Saxena S, Nelson JM, Furmanski M.  Neonatal exchange
transfusions complicated by transfusion-induced malaria.
Pediatrics 1984 Mar;73(3):330-2.

Sibrowski W, Penner M, Kuhnl P.  [Transfusion-induced virus
infections: how great is the risk?].  Infusionsther
Transfusionsmed 1993 Jun;20 Suppl 2:4-9.  (Ger).

Starkey JM, MacPherson JL, Bolgiano DC, Simon ER, Zuck TF, Sayers
MH.  Markers for transfusion-transmitted disease in different
groups of blood donors.  JAMA 1989 Dec 22-29;262(24):3452-4.
Comment in: JAMA 1990 Jun 20;263(23):3149.

Sugg U.  [Transfusion-transmitted infections].  Anasthesiol
Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 1991 Jun;26(4):214-5.  (Ger).

Tulupov AN, Mel'nikova VN, Volkova SD, Pleshakov VT, Bel'skikh
AN, Il'ina EF, Popov VI.  [Leukocyte transfusions in the
treatment of sepsis].  Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 1991
Jun;146(6):72-6.  (Rus).

Vlahov D, Sullivan M, Astemborski J, Nelson KE.  Bacterial
infections and skin cleaning prior to injection among intravenous
drug users.  Public Health Rep 1992 Sep-Oct;107(5):595-8.